Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T08:00:23.610Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Beauty of "Ugly" Eskimo Cooking Pots

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Lisa Frink
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology and Ethnic Studies, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 455003, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-5003 ([email protected]; [email protected])
Karen G. Harry
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology and Ethnic Studies, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 455003, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-5003 ([email protected]; [email protected])

Abstract

Arctic Alaskan ceramics offer several interpretive challenges for the archaeologist. In contrast to most cross-cultural patterns, these cooking vessels were produced by hunter-gatherers living in a cool and humid environment and were used to cook meat rather than starchy seeds. Additionally, when compared to cooking vessels and techniques from other areas of the world, their shapes and textures are atypical and appear poorly suited for their intended use. At first impression, these vessels might appear to reflect simply a lack of technological expertise. However, we argue that when considered in relation to the local social and environmental context under which these vessels were produced and used, these apparent contradictions can be understood.

Résumé

Résumé

Los estudios de la cerámica de la zona ártica de Alaska es un tema relativamente inexplorado en arqueología. En este trabajo investigamos los problemas que afrontaron los alfareros en la costa occidental de Alaska. En gran parte, los arqueólogos que estudian la tecnología de la cerámica enfocan su investigación sobre cómo las decisions relacionadas a la tecnología responden al uso previsto de las vasijas. Sin embargo, en el caso referente a la olla de los esquimales Yup'ik, este enfoque limita su interpretación. En contraste, esperamos demostrar que hay mejores explicaciones si se toma en cuenta el contexto social, el medio ambiente, y la tecnología empleada en la construcción y uso de las vasijas. Proponemos que los desafíos ambientales, las condiciones socioeconómicas y el uso preferencial determinan los atributos tecnológicos de las vasijas.

Type
Reports
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Ackerman, Robert E. 1970 Archaeoethnology, Ethnoarchaeology, and the Problems of Past Cultural Patterning. In Ethnohistory in Southwestern Alaska and the Southern Yukon: Method and Content, edited by Margaret Lands, pp. 1148. The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington.Google Scholar
Arnold, Dean E. 1989 Ceramic Theory and Cultural Process. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Beck, Margaret E. 2006 Midden Ceramic Assemblage Formation: A Case Study from Kalinga, Philippines. American Antiquity 71:2751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, R. Raines, and Heller, Christine A. 1978 Nutrition Studies: An Approach to the Modern North Alaskan Eskimo Diet. In Eskimos of Northwestern Alaska: A Biological Perspective, edited by Paul L. Jamison, Stephen L. Zegura, and Frederick A. Milan, pp. 145146. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Bernardini, Wesley 2005 Hopi Oral Tradition and the Archaeology of Identity. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Brumbach, Hetty Jo and Jarvenpa, Robert 2002 Gender Dynamics in Native Northwestern North America: Perspectives and Prospects. In Many Faces of Gender: Roles and Relationships through Time in Indigenous Northern Communities, edited by Lisa Frink, Rita S. Shepard, and Gregory A. Reinhardt, pp. 195210. University Press of Colorado, Boulder and University of Calgary Press, Calgary.Google Scholar
Collins, Henry B. Jr. 1928a The Eskimo of Western Alaska. In Explorations and Fieldwork 1927. Smithsonian Institution, pp. 149156. Publication 2957, Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Collins, Henry B. Jr. 1928b Check-stamped Pottery from Alaska. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 18(9):254256.Google Scholar
Combs, Gerald F. Jr. 1998 The Vitamin: Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego.Google Scholar
Conkey, Margaret W. 2005 Dwelling at the Margins, Action at the Intersection? Feminist and Indigenous Archaeologies, 2005. Archaeologies 1(1):959.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Laguna, Frederica 1934 The Archaeology of Cook Inlet, Alaska. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Laguna, Frederica 1940 Eskimo Lamps and Pots. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 70(1):5376.Google Scholar
De Laguna, Frederica 1947 The Prehistory of Northern North America as seen from the Yukon. Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology 3, Society for American Archaeology, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
De Laguna, Frederica 1960 The Story of a Tlingit Community: A Problem in the Relationship between Archaeological, Ethnological, and Historical Methods. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 172. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.Google Scholar
Deloria, Vine 1995 Red Earth, White Lies: Native Americans and the Myth of Scientific Fact. Scribner, New York.Google Scholar
Dietler, Michael, and Hayden, Brian (editors) 2001 Feasts: Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspectives on Food, Politics, and Power. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Draper, H. H. 1978 Nutrition Studies: The Aboriginal Eskimo Diet- A Modern Perspective. In Eskimos of Northwestern Alaska: A Biological Perspective, edited by Paul L. Jamison, Stephen L. Zegura, and Frederick A. Milan, pp. 139144. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Draper, H. H., and Wei Wo, Catherine C.K. 1978 Metabolic Parameters: Plasma Vitamin E and Cholesterol Levels in Alaskan Eskimos. In Eskimos of Northwestern Alaska: A Biological Perspective, edited by Paul L. Jamison, Stephen L. Zegura, and Frederick A. Milan, pp. 189197. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Driver, Harold E., and Massey, William C. 1957 Comparative Studies of North American Indians. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 47:165456.Google Scholar
Drozda, Robert M. 1995 “They Talked of the Land with Respect”: Interethnic Communication in the Documentation of Historical Places and Cemetery Sites. In When Our Words Return: Writing, Hearing and Remembering Oral Traditions of Alaska and the Yukon, edited by Phyllis P. Morrow and William Schneider, pp. 99122. Utah State University Press, Logan.Google Scholar
Dumond, Don E. 1969 The Prehistoric Pottery of Southwestern Alaska. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 12(2):1842.Google Scholar
Dumond, Don E. 1977 The Eskimos and Aleuts. Thames and Hudson, London.Google Scholar
Dumond, Don E. 1984 Prehistory of the Bering Sea Region. In Arctic, edited by David Dumas, pp. 94105. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 5, William C. Sturtevant, General Editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington.Google Scholar
Echo-Hawk, Roger 2000 Ancient History in the New World: Integrating Oral Traditions and the Archaeological Record in Deep Time. American Antiquity 65:267290.Google Scholar
Fediuk, Karen 2000 Vitamin C in the Inuit Diet: Past and Present. Unpublished M.S. thesis, Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal.Google Scholar
Fediuk, Karen, Hidiroglou, Nick, Madere, Rene, and Kuhnlein, Harriet V. 2002 Vitamin C in Inuit Traditional Food and Women’s Diets. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 15:221235.Google Scholar
Ferguson, T. J., and Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Chip 2006 History Is in the Land: Multivocal Tribal Traditions in Arizona’s San Pedro Valley. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Fienup-Riordan, Ann 1975 Maraiuirvik Nunakauiami. Unpublished manuscript, Alaska Humanities Forum. Copy on file at the ANCSA Office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Anchorage, Alaska.Google Scholar
Fienup-Riordan, Ann 1983 The Nelson Island Eskimo: Social Structure and Ritual Distribution. Alaska Pacific University Press, Anchorage.Google Scholar
Fienup-Riordan, Ann 2005 Yup’ik Elders at the Ethnoglogisches Museum Berlin: Fieldwork Turned on its Head. University of Washington Press, Seattle.Google Scholar
Friesen, Max T. 2002 Analogues at Iqaluktuuq: The Social Context of Archaeological Inference in Nunavut, Arctic Canada. World Archaeology 34:330345.Google Scholar
Friday, Joe 1983 ANCSA Interview 83 VAK 23. Record on file, Bureau of Indian Affairs ANCSA Office, Anchorage, Alaska.Google Scholar
Frink, Lisa 2002 Fish Tales: Women and Decision Making in western Alaska. In Many Faces of Gender: Roles and Relationships through Time in Indigenous Northern Communities, edited by Lisa Frink, Rita S. Shepard, and Gregory A. Reinhardt, pp. 93110. University Press of Colorado, Boulder and University of Calgary Press, Calgary.Google Scholar
Frink, Lisa 2003 A Tale of Three Villages: Archaeological Investigation of Late Prehistoric and Historic Culture Change in Western Alaska. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Frink, Lisa 2005 Gender and the Hide Production Process in Colonial Western Alaska. In Gender and Hide Production, edited by Lisa Frink and Kathryn Weedman, pp. 89105. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek.Google Scholar
Frink, Lisa, Shepard, Rita S., and Reinhardt, Gregory A. (editors) 2002 Many Faces: An Introduction to Gender Research in Indigenous Northern North America. In Many Faces of Gender: Roles and Relationships through Time in Indigenous Northern Communities, pp. 112. University Press of Colorado, Boulder and University of Calgary Press, Calgary.Google Scholar
Frink, Lisa, Hoffman, Brian W., and Shaw, Robert D. 2003 Ulu Knife Use in Western Alaska: A Comparative Ethnoarchaeological Study. Current Anthropology 44:116122.Google Scholar
Funk, Caroline 2004 Optimal Foraging Theory and Cognitive Archaeology: Cup’ik Cultural Perception in Southwestern Alaska. In Hunters and Gatherers in Theory and Archaeology, edited by George M. Crothers, pp. 279298. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.Google Scholar
Gazin-Schwartz, Amy, and Holtorf, Cornelius (editors) 1999 Archaeology and Folklore. Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Gordon, George B. 1906 Notes on the Western Eskimo. Transactions of the Department of Archaeology, Free Museum of Science and Art 2(1):69101, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Griffin, Dennis 2001 Contributions to the Ethnobotany of the Cup’it Eskimo, Nunivak Island, Alaska. Journal of Ethnobiology 21(2):91127.Google Scholar
Griffin, Dennis 2002 A History of Human Settlement on Nunivak Island, Alaska: Insights from Recent Investigations at Nash Harbor Village. Arctic Anthropology 39(1–2)5168.Google Scholar
Griffin, Dennis 2004 Ellikarrmiut Changing Lifeways in an Alaskan Community. Aurora Monograph Series, Alaskan Anthropological Association, Anchorage.Google Scholar
Griffin, Dennis 2005 Traditional Ethnobotany of Alaska: A Southwestern Alaska Perspective. In Encyclopaedia of History and Science, Technology and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Kluwer Science, Netherlands.Google Scholar
Griffin, James, and Wilmeth, Roscoe H. Jr. 1964 The Ceramic Complexes at Iyatayet. In The Archaeology of Cape Denbigh, edited by J. Louis Giddings, pp. 271303. Brown University Press, Province.Google Scholar
Hall, E. S., and Young, S. B. 1969 Contributions to the Ethnobotany of the St. Lawrence Island Eskimo. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 14(2).Google Scholar
Hensel, Chase 1996 Telling Our Selves: Ethnicity and Discourse in Southwestern Alaska. Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Jacob, Robert A. 1999 Vitamin C. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed., edited by Maurice E. Shils, James A. Olson, Moshe Shike, and A. Catharine Ross, pp. 467483. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.Google Scholar
Jarvenpa, Robert, and Brumbach, Hetty Jo 2006a Circumpolar Lives and Livelihood: A Comparative Ethnoarchaeology of Gender and Subsistence. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Jarvenpa, Robert, and Brumbach, Hetty Jo 2006b Chipewyan Hunters: A Task Differentiation Analysis. In Circumpolar Lives and Livelihood: A Comparative Ethnoarchaeology of Gender and Subsistence. Pp. 5478. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Lantis, Margaret 1946 The Social Culture of the Nunivak Eskimo. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 35(3).Google Scholar
Larsen, Helge 1950 Archaeological Investigations in Southwestern Alaska. American Antiquity 15:177186.Google Scholar
Lee, Molly 2003 “How Will I Sew My Baskets?”: Women Vendors, Market Art, and Incipient Political Activism in Anchorage, Alaska. American Indian Quarterly 27(3–4):583592.Google Scholar
Longacre, William A., and Skibo, James M. (editors) 1994 Kalinga Ethnoarchaeology: Expanding Archaeological Method and Theory. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. Google Scholar
Lucier, Charles V., and VanStone, James W. 1992 Historic Pottery of the Kotzebue Sound Inupiat. Fieldiana Anthropology 18. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.Google Scholar
Mason, Ronald J. 2000 Archaeology and Native North American Oral Tradition. American Antiquity 65:239266.Google Scholar
McGhee, Robert 1980 Technological Change in the Prehistoric Eskimo Cultural Tradition. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 4:3952.Google Scholar
McNab Henry, W., and Avers, Peter E. 1994 Ecological Subregions of the United States. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Ecosystem Management, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Melbye, Jerry, and Fairgrieve, Scott I. 1994 A Massacre and Possible Cannibalism in the Canadian Arctic: New Evidence from the Saunaktuk Site (NgTn-1). Arctic Anthropology 31 (2):5777.Google Scholar
Menager, Francis M. 1962 The Kingdom of the Seal. Loyola University Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Nassaney, Michael 2004 Native American Gender Politics and Material Culture in Seventeenth-Century Southeastern New England. Journal of Social Archaeology 4(3):334367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, Edward W. [1889] 1983 The Eskimo About Bering Strait. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. Google Scholar
Nowak, Michael 1988 Post Norton Nunivak: A Study in Coastal Adaptation. In The Late Prehistoric Development of Alaska’s Native People, edited by Robert Shaw, Roger Harritt, and Don E. Dumond, pp. 149167. Aurora, Anchorage.Google Scholar
O’Leary, Matthew 1999 Early Yupiit-Cupiit Regional Groups with Special Reference to Ceramic Cooking Pot Designs. Paper presented at the 26th Annual Meeting of the Alaska Anthropological Association Meeting, Anchorage.Google Scholar
Okada, Hiroaki, Okada, Atsuko, Yajima, Kunio, Miyaoka, Osahito, and Oka, Chikuma 1982 The Qaluyaarmiut: An Anthropological Survey of Southwestern Alaska Eskimos. Faculty Letters. Hokkaido University, Japan.Google Scholar
Osgood, Cornelius 1940 Ingalik Material Culture. Yale University Publications in Anthropology 22. Yale University, New Haven.Google Scholar
Oswalt, Wendell H. 1952 Pottery from Hooper Bay Village, Alaska. American Antiquity 18:1829.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oswalt, Wendell H. 1955 Alaskan Pottery: A Classification and Historical Reconstruction. American Antiquity 21(1):3243.Google Scholar
Oswalt, Wendell H. 1990 Bashful No Longer: An Alaskan Eskimo Enthohistory, 1778–1988. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma.Google Scholar
Oswalt, Wendell H., and VanStone, James W. 1967 The Ethnoarchaeology of Crow Village, Alaska. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. Google Scholar
Pfaffenberger, Bryan 1992 Social Anthropology of Technology. Annual Review of Anthropology 21:491516.Google Scholar
Ponkratova, Irina 2006 Pottery Industries in the North of the Russian Far East. In Archaeology in Northeast Asia: On the Pathway to Bering Strait, edited by Don E. Dumond and Richard L. Bland, pp. 129158. University of Oregon Anthropological Papers No. 65, Eugene.Google Scholar
Ray, Dorothy Jean 1975 The Eskimos of the Bering Strait, 1650–1898. University of Washington Press, Seattle.Google Scholar
Redding-Gubitosa, Donna 1992 Excavations at Kwigiumpainukamiut: A Multi-Ethnic Historic Site, Southwestern Alaska. Unpublished Dissertation, Department of Anthropology University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Reid, Kenneth C. 1989 A Materials Science Perspective on Hunter-Gatherer Pottery. In Pottery Technology: Ideas and Approaches, edited by Gordon Bronitsky, pp. 167180. Westview Press, Boulder.Google Scholar
Reid, Kenneth C. 1990 Simmering Down: A Second Look at Ralph Linton’s “North American Cooking Pots.” In Hunter-Gatherer Pottery from the Far West, edited by Joanne M. Mack, pp. 718. Nevada State Museum Anthropological Papers No, 23.Google Scholar
Rubertone, Patricia E. 2000 The Historical Archaeology of Native America. Annual Review of Anthropology 29:425446.Google Scholar
Schiffer, Michael Brian, and Skibo, James M 1987 Theory and Experiment in the Study of Technological Change. Current Anthropology 28(5): 595622.Google Scholar
Shaw, Robert D. 1983 The Archaeology of the Manokinak Site: A Study of the Cultural Transition Between Late Norton Tradition and Historic Eskimo. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Washington State University.Google Scholar
Shnirleman, Victor A. 1994 Cherchez le Chien: Perspectives on the Economy of Traditional Fishing-Oriented People of Kamchatka. In Key Issues in Hunter-Gatherer Research, edited by Earnest S. Burch Jr. andLindaJ. Ellanna, pp. 169188. Berg. Washington D.C. Google Scholar
Sillar, B., and Tite, M. S. 2000 The Challenge of “Technological Choices” for Material Science approaches in Archaeology. Archaeometrv 42:220.Google Scholar
Silliman, Steven 2005 Contact or Colonialism? Challenges in the Archaeology of Native North America. American Antiquity 70:5574.Google Scholar
Skibo, James M. 1992 Pottery Function: A Use-Alternative Perspective. Plenum Press, New York.Google Scholar
Skibo, James M., and Blinman, Eric 1999 Exploring the Origins of Pottery on the Colorado Plateau. In Pottery and People: A Dynamic Interaction, edited by James M. Skibo and Gary M. Feinman, pp. 171183. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Skibo, James M., and Schiffer, Michael Brian 1995 The Clay Cooking Pot: An Exploration of Women’s Technology. In Expanding Archaeology, edited by James M. Skibo, William H. Walker, and Axel E. Nielson, pp. 8091. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Skibo, James M., Schiffer, Michael B., and Reid, Kenneth C. 1989 Organic-tempered Pottery: An Experimental Study. American Antiquity 54(1): 122146.Google Scholar
Staley, David P. 1992 A View of Early Contact Period in Southwestern Alaska: The Archaeological Analysis of House 15, Chag-van Bay Beach Site. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska Fairbanks 24(12): 1531.Google Scholar
Stark, Miriam 1995 Economic Intensification and Ceramic Specialization: A View from the Kalinga. Research in Economic Anthropology 16:179226.Google Scholar
Stefansson, Vilhjalmur 1969[1921] The Friendly Arctic: The Story of Five Years in Polar Regions. Macmillan, New York.Google Scholar
Spencer, Robert F. 1959 The North Alaskan Eskimo: A Study in Ecology and Society. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 171, United States Government Printing Office, Washington.Google Scholar
Stimmell, Carole, and Stromberg, Richard L. 1986 A Reassessment of Thule Eskimo Ceramic Technology. In Ceramics and Civilization Vol. II, Technology and Style, edited by W.D. Kingery, pp. 237250. The American Ceramic Society, Columbus.Google Scholar
Swidler, Nina, Dongoske, Kurt E., Anyon, Roger, and Downer, Alan S. (editors) 1997 Native Americans and Archaeologists: Stepping Stones to Common Ground. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Vansina, Jan 1985 Oral Tradition as History. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.Google Scholar
VanStone, James W. 1954 Pottery from Nunivak Island, Alaska. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 2:181193.Google Scholar
VanStone, James W. 1972 Nushagak: An Historic Trading Center in Southwestern Alaska. Fieldiana Anthropology 62. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.Google Scholar
Voss, Barbara 2005 From Casta to Californio: Social Identity and the Archaeology of Culture Contact. American Anthmpologisf 107(3):461474.Google Scholar
Wesson, Cameron B., and Rees, Mark A. (editors) 2002 Between Contacts and Colonies: Archaeological Perspectives on the Protohistoric Southeast. The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.Google Scholar
Yarborough, Michael R. 1974 Analysis of Pottery from the Western Alaska Peninsula. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 16(1):8589.Google Scholar
Watkins, Joe 2000 Indigenous Archaeology: American Indian Valuesand Scientific Practice. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Wind, Steven, Sickle, David Van, Wright, Anne L. 2004 Health, Place, and Childhood Asthma in Southwest Alaska. Social Science & Medicine 58:7588.Google Scholar
Ziker, John 2002 Raw and Cooked in Arctic Siberia: Diet and Consumption Strategies in Socio-Ecological Perspective. Nutritional Anthropology 25(2):2033.Google Scholar
Zhushdhikhovskaya, Irina S., and Shubina, Olga A. 2006 Pottery Making and the Culture History of Neolithic Sakhalin. In Archaeology in Northeast Asia: On the Path way to Bering Strait, edited by Don E. Dumond and Richard L. Bland, pp. 91128. Anthropological Papers No. 65, University of Oregon, Eugene.Google Scholar