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Innovation and Prestige Among Northern Hunter-Gatherers: Late Prehistoric Native Copper Use in Alaska and Yukon

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

H. Kory Cooper
H. Kory Cooper*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Purdue University, 700 W. State St., Suite 219, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 ([email protected])
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Abstract

Several different ethnolinguistic groups in south-central Alaska and southwestern Yukon used native copper. This indigenous innovation diffused throughout the region with the majority of use occurring from A .D. 1000 to 1700. The relatively recent origin of this technology and its continued use long after European contact provide an opportunity to examine the process of innovation among hunter-gatherers using archaeology, metallurgy, and ethnohistory. The analysis of these data using a Behavioral Archaeology framework demonstrates that native copper was used for both practical and prestige technology among groups of varying social complexity. Northern Athabascans did not use native copper overtly as prestige technology, but its many supernatural associations suggest it was a “prestigious” material. Furthermore, native copper provided northern Athabascan aggrandizer-innovators the opportunity to acquire prestige and power through their monopolization of trade relationships and subsequent control of the movement of native copper.

Resumen

Resumen

Plusieurs groupes ethnollngulstiques du centre-sud de l’Alaska et du sud-ouest du Yukon faisaient usage du cuivre natif. Cette innovation autochtone s’est diffusé á travers la région, avec un usage particuliérement intense entre 1000 et 1700 AD. L’origine relativement récente de cette technologie et son usage continu au-delá du contact Européen offre l’opportunité d’examiner le processus d’Innovation chez les chasseurs-cueilleurs á travers l’archéologie, la métallurgie, et l’ethnohistoire. L’analyse de ces données dans une perspective d’archéologie comportementale (Behavioral Archaeology) indique que l’usage du cuivre natif s’insérait dans des technologies autant utilitaires que de prestige chez des groupes aux degrés de complexité variés. Bien que chez les Athabascans du nord le cuivre n’était pas ouvertement utilisé comme bien de prestige, ses associalions surnaturelles suggérent qu’il s’agissait néanmoins d’un matériau prestigieux. De plus, le cuivre natif pouvait procurer aux innovateurs-agrandisseurs Athabascans des opportunités d’obtention de pouvoir et prestige á travers le monopole de relations d’échanges et le contrôle subséquent des mouvements du cuivre natif.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 77 , Issue 3 , July 2012 , pp. 565 - 590
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2012

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