Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T13:17:02.340Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Digital Revolution to Come: Photogrammetry in Archaeological Practice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2020

Matthew Magnani ,
Matthew Douglass ,
Whittaker Schroder ,
Jonathan Reeves  and
David R. Braun
Matthew Magnani*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA02138, USA
Matthew Douglass
Affiliation:
College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, and Agricultural Research Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE68583, USA
Whittaker Schroder
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Museum, 3260 South Street, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
Jonathan Reeves
Affiliation:
Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, DC20052, USA
David R. Braun
Affiliation:
Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, George Washington University; and Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103Leipzig, Germany
*
([email protected], corresponding author)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The three-dimensional (3D) revolution promised to transform archaeological practice. Of the technologies that contribute to the proliferation of 3D data, photogrammetry facilitates the rapid and inexpensive digitization of complex subjects in both field and lab settings. It finds additional use as a tool for public outreach, where it engages audiences ranging from source communities to artifact collectors. But what has photogrammetry's function been in advancing archaeological analysis? Drawing on our previous work, we review recent applications to understand the role of photogrammetry for contemporary archaeologists. Although photogrammetry is widely used as a visual aid, its analytical potential remains underdeveloped. Considering various scales of inquiry—graduating from objects to landscapes—we address how the technology fits within and expands existing documentation and data visualization routines, while evaluating the opportunity it presents for addressing archaeological questions and problems in innovative ways. We advance an agenda advocating that archaeologists move from proof-of-concept papers toward greater integration of photogrammetry with research.

La revolución tridimensional (3D) prometió transformar la práctica arqueológica. De las tecnologías que han contribuido a la proliferación de datos en 3D, la fotogrametría facilita la digitalización rápida y económica de sujetos complejos tanto en el laboratorio como en el campo. Además, hay utilidad en aplicar la fotogrametría como una técnica de alcance comunitario, donde involucra a audiencias diversas desde comunidades de origen hasta coleccionistas de artefactos. Pero ¿para qué ha servido la fotogrametría en avanzar el análisis arqueológico? Aprovechando estudios anteriores publicados por los autores, revisamos aplicaciones recientes para entender el papel de la fotogrametría para arqueólogos contemporáneos. Aunque ampliamente empleado como ayuda visual, su potencial analítico permanece poco desarollado. Considerando varias escalas de investigación—pasando desde objetos hasta paisajes—examinamos cómo la tecnología encaja dentro y expande métodos existentes de documentación y visualización de datos, mientras evaluamos la oportunidad que presenta en abordar preguntas y problemas arqueológicos en formas innovadoras. Avanzamos una agenda que apoya a que arqueólogos avancen de trabajos de prueba de concepto a una mayor integración con la investigación.

Keywords

photogrammetrythree-dimensional modelingdigital cultural heritageobject photogrammetryterrestrial photogrammetryaerial photogrammetryAgisoft PhotoScan (Metashape)fotogrametríamodelado tridimensionalpatrimonio cultural digitalfotogrametría de objetosfotogrametría terrestrialfotogrametría aéreaAgisoft PhotoScan (Metashape)
Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 85 , Issue 4 , October 2020 , pp. 737 - 760
Copyright
Copyright © 2020 by the Society for American Archaeology

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Anderson, Richard C. 1982 Photogrammetry: The Pros and Cons for Archaeology. World Archaeology 14:200–205.Google Scholar
Andreu, Javier, and Serrano, Pablo 2019 Contributions of the Digital Photogrammetry and 3D Modelling of Roman Inscriptions to the Reading of Damaged Tituli: An Example from the Hispania Tarraconensis (Castiliscar, Saragossa). Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 12:e00091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aragón, Enrique, Munar, Sebastia, Rodríguez, Javier, and Yamafune, Kotaro 2018 Underwater Photogrammetric Monitoring Techniques for Mid-Depth Shipwrecks. Journal of Cultural Heritage 34:255–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arriaza, Mari Carmen, Yravedra, José, Domínguez-Rodrigo, Manuel, Ángel Mate-González, Miguel, Vargas, Elena García, Palomeque-González, Juan Francisco, Aramendi, Julia, González-Aguilera, Diego, and Baquedano, Enrique 2017 On Applications of Micro-Photogrammetry and Geometric Morphometrics to Studies of Tooth Mark Morphology: The Modern Olduvai Carnivore Site (Tanzania). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 488:103–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badillo, Elvis, Alex, Joshua A. Myers, and Ryan J. Peterson, 2020 SfM Photogrammetric Field Methods for Historic Burial Excavations: The Case of Bethel Cemetery. Advances in Archaeological Practice 8:151–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balsa-Barreiro, José, and Fritsch, Dieter 2018 Generation of Visually Aesthetic and Detailed 3D Models of Historical Cities by Using Laser Scanning and Digital Photogrammetry. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 8:57–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassier, Maarten, Vincke, Stan, Hernandez, Roberto Lima, and Vergauwen, Maarten 2018 An Overview of Innovative Heritage Deliverables Based on Remote Sensing Techniques. Remote Sensing 10(10):1607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benito-Calvo, Alfonso, Crittenden, Alyssa N., Livengood, Sarah V., Sánchez-Romero, Laura, Martinez-Fernandez, Adrián, de la Torre, Ignacio, and Pante, Michael 2018 3D 360° Surface Morphometric Analysis of Pounding Stone Tools Used by Hadza Foragers of Tanzania: A New Methodological Approach for Studying Percussive Stone Artefacts. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 20:611–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernardini, Wesley 2004 Hopewell Geometric Earthworks: A Case Study in the Referential and Experiential Meaning of Monuments. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 23:331–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berquist, Stephen, Spence-Morrow, Giles, Gonzalez-Macqueen, Felipe, Rizzuto, Branden, Wiley, Yépez Álvarez, Bautista, Stefanie, and Jennings, Justin 2018 A New Aerial Photogrammetric Survey Method for Recording Inaccessible Rock Art. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 8:46–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bleed, Peter, Douglass, Matthew, Sumner, Alexandra, Behrendt, Maia, and Mackay, Alex 2017 Photogrammetrical Assessment of Procedural Patterns and Sequential Structure in “Handaxe” Manufacture: A Case Study along the Doring River of South Africa. Lithic Technology 42:3–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolles, Robert C., Baker, Harlyn, and Marimont, David H. 1987 Epipolar-Plane Image Analysis: An Approach to Determining Structure from Motion. International Journal of Computer Vision 1:7–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryan, Paul, and Chandler, Jim 2008 Cost-Effective Rock-Art Recording within a Non-Specialist Environment. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, and Spatial Information Sciences 37:259–264.Google Scholar
Canuto, Marcello, Estrada-Belli, Francisco, Garrison, Thomas G., Houston, Stephen D., Acuña, Mary Jane, Kováč, Milan, Marken, Damien, Nondédéo, Philippe, Auld-Thomas, Luke, Castanet, Cyril, Chatelain, David, Chiriboga, Carlow R., Drápela, Tomáš, Lieskovský, Tibor, Tokovinine, Alexandre, Velasquez, Antolín, Fernández-Díaz, Juan C., and Shrestha, Ramesh 2018 Ancient Lowland Maya Complexity as Revealed by Airborne Laser Scanning of Northern Guatemala. Science 361(6409):eaau0137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carrero-Pazos, Miguel, and Espinosa-Espinosa, David 2018 Tailoring 3D Modelling Techniques for Epigraphic Texts Restitution: Case Studies in Deteriorated Roman Inscriptions. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 10:e00079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casana, Jesse, Kanter, John, Wiewel, Adam, and Cothren, Jackson 2014 Archaeological Aerial Thermography: A Case Study at the Chaco-Era Blue J Community, New Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Science 45:207–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chase, Arlen F., Chase, Diane Z., Weishampel, John F., Drake, John F., Shrestha, Ramesh, Clint Slatten, K., Awe, Jaime J., and Carter, William E. 2010 Airborne LiDAR, Archaeology, and the Ancient Maya Landscape at Caracol, Belize. Journal of Archaeological Science 38:387–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarkson, Chris, and Hiscock, Peter 2011 Estimating Original Flake Mass from 3D Scans of Platform Area. Journal of Archaeological Science 38:1062–1068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Annabelle, Belton, David, Helmholz, Petra, Bourke, Paul, and McDonald, Jo 2017 Pilbara Rock Art: Laser Scanning, Photogrammetry and 3D Photographic Reconstruction as Heritage Management Tools. Heritage Science 5:article 25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Reu, Jeroen, Plets, Gertjan, Verhoeven, Geert, De Smedt, Philippe, Bats, Machteld, Cherretté, Bart, De Maeyer, Wouter, Herremans, Davy, Laloo, Pieter, Van Meirvenne, Marc, and De Clercq, Wim 2013 Towards a Three-Dimensional Cost-Effective Registration of the Archaeological Heritage. Journal of Archaeological Science 40:1108–1121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dhonju, Hari Krishna, Xiao, Wen, Shakya, Bandana, Mills, Jon P., and Sarhosis, Vasilis 2017 Documentation of Heritage Structures through Geo-Crowdsourcing and Web-Mapping. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 42:17–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Discamps, Emmanuel, Muth, Xavier, Gravina, Brad, Lacrampe-Cuyaubère, Fancois, Chadelle, Jean-Pierre, Faivre, Jean-Philippe, and Maureille, Bruno 2016 Photogrammetry as a Tool for Integrating Archival Data in Archaeological Fieldwork: Examples from the Middle Palaeolithic Sites of Combe–Grenal, Le Moustier, and Regourdou. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 8:268–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doneus, Michael, Verhoeven, Geert, Fera, Martin, Briese, Christian, Kucera, Matthias, and Neubauer, Wolfgang 2011 From Deposit to Point Cloud—A Study of Low-Cost Computer Vision Approaches for the Straightforward Documentation of Archaeological Excavations. Geoinformatics FCE CTU 6:81–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglass, Matthew, Kuhnel, Dennis, Magnani, Matthew, Hittner, Luke, Chodoronek, Michael, and Porter, Samantha T. 2017 Community Outreach, Digital Heritage and Private Collections: A Case Study from the North American Great Plains. World Archaeology 49:623–638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglass, Matthew, Lin, Sam C., and Chodoronek, Michael 2015 The Application of 3D Photogrammetry for In-Field Documentation of Archaeological Features. Advances in Archaeological Practice 3:136–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, Kevin, Bigourdan, Nicolas, McCann, Ian, and Cooper, Darren 2016 3DMAPPR: A Community-Based Underwater Archaeological Photogammetry Program in Perth, Western Australia. Journal of Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology 40:1–16.Google Scholar
Eisenbeiss, Henri, and Sauerbier, Marin 2011 Investigation of UAV Systems and Flight Modes for Photogrammetric Applications. Photogrammetric Record 26:400–421.Google Scholar
Evin, Allowen, Souter, Thibaud, Hulme-Beaman, Ardern, Ameen, Carly, Allen, Richard, Viacava, Pietro, Larson, Greger, Cucchi, Thomas, and Dobney, Keith 2016 The Use of Close-Range Photogrammetry in Zooarchaeology: Creating Accurate 3D Models of Wolf Crania to Study Dog Domestication. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 9:87–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fanning, Patricia, and Holdaway, Simon 2001 Stone Artifact Scatters in Western NSW, Australia: Geomorphic Controls on Artifact Size and Distribution. Geoarchaeology 16:667–686.Google Scholar
Fassi, Francesco, Fregonese, Luigi, Ackermann, Sebastiano, and De Troia, Vincenzo 2013 Comparison between Laser Scanning and Automated 3D Modelling Techniques to Reconstruct Complex and Extensive Cultural Heritage Areas. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W1:73–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forlin, Paolo, Valenta, Riccardo, and Kázmér, Miklós 2018 Assessing Earthquake Effects on Archaeological Sites Using Photogrammetry and 3D Model Analysis. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 9:e00073.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujii, Yukiyasu, Fodde, Enrico, Wantanabe, Kunio, and Murakami, Kazuya 2009 Digital Photogrammetry for the Documentation of Structural Damage in Earthen Archaeological Sites: The Case of Ajina Tepa, Tajikistan. Engineering Geology 105:124–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulton, Carrie, Viduka, Andrew, Hutchinson, Andrew, Hollick, Joshua, Woods, Andrew, Sewell, David, and Manning, Sturt 2016 Use of Photogrammetry for Non-Disturbance Underwater Survey: An Analysis of in situ Stone Anchors. Advances in Archaeological Practice 4:17–30.Google Scholar
Fussell, Angela 1982 Terrestrial Photogrammetry in Archaeology. World Archaeology 14:157–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallo, Alessandro, Muzzupappa, Maurizio, and Bruno, Fabio 2014 3D Reconstruction of Small Sized Objects from a Sequence of Multi-Focused Images. Journal of Cultural Heritage 15:173–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garstki, Kevin, Schulenburg, Marcus, and Cook, Robert A. 2018 Practical Application of Digital Photogrammetry for Fieldwork in the American Midwest: An Example from the Middle Ohio Valley. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 43:133–150.Google Scholar
Miguel Ángel Maté, González, Yravedra, José, González-Aguilera, Diego, Palomeque-González, Juan Francisco, and Domínguez-Rodrigo, Manuel 2015 Micro-Photogrammetric Characterization of Cut Marks on Bones. Journal of Archaeological Science 62:128–142.Google Scholar
González, Esther Rodriguez, Pastor, Sonia Carbonell, and Casals, Josep R. 2019 Lost Colours: Photogrammetry, Image Analysis Using the DStretch Plugin, and 3-D Modelling of Post-Firing Painted Pottery from the South West Iberian Peninsula. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 13:e00093.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosman, Leore 2016 Reaching the Point of No Return: The Computational Revolution in Archaeology. Annual Review of Anthropology 45:129–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosman, Leore, Sharon, Gonen, Goldman-Neuman, Talia, Smikt, Oded, and Smilansky, Uzy 2011 Studying Post Depositional Damage on Acheulian Bifaces Using 3-D Scanning. Journal of Human Evolution 60:398–406.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grün, Armin, Remondino, Fabio, and Zhang, Li 2004 Photogrammetric Reconstruction of the Great Buddha of Bamiyan, Afghanistan. Photogrammetric Record 19:177–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grund, Brigid S., Pelton, Spencer R., Surovell, Todd A., Matthews, Neffra A., and Noble, Tommy A. 2016 Bison Jump Location Is Primarily Predicted by Minimizing Visibility at the Wold Site, Johnson County, Wyoming. American Antiquity 81:752–763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grussenmeyer, Pierre, Landes, Tania, Alby, Emmanuel, and Carozza, Laurent 2010 High Resolution 3D Recording and Modelling of the Bronze Age Cave “Les Fraux” in Perigord (France). Proceedings of the International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XXXVIII. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.Google Scholar
Eleanor, Harrison-Buck, Willis, Mark, and Walker, Chester 2016 Using Drones in a Threatened Archaeological Landscape: Rapid Survey, Salvage, and Mapping of the Maya Site of Saturday Creek, Belize. SAA Archaeological Record 16(2):30–35.Google Scholar
Hassett, Breanna, and Lewis-Bale, T. 2016 Comparison of 3D Landmark and 3D Dense Cloud Approaches to Hominin Mandible Morphometrics Using Structure-from-Motion. Archaeometry 59:191–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haukaas, Colleen, and Hodgetts, Lisa M. 2016 The Untapped Potential of Low-Cost Photogrammetry in Community-Based Archaeology: A Case Study from Banks Island, Arctic Canada. Journal of Community Archaeology and Heritage 3:40–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, Jon, Pizarro, Oscar, Johnson-Roberson, Matthew, and Mahon, Ian 2013 Mapping Submerged Archaeological Sites Using Stereo-Vision Photogrammetry. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 42:243–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hesse, Ralf 2015 Combining Structure-from-Motion with High and Intermediate Resolution Satellite Images to Document Threats to Archaeological Heritage in Arid Environments. Journal of Cultural Heritage 16:192–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, Austin C., Rowan, Yorke, and Kersel, Morag M. 2014 Mapping with Aerial Photographs: Recording the Past, the Present, and the Invisible at Marj Rabba, Israel. Near Eastern Archaeology 77:182–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirst, Cara S., White, Suzanna, and Smith, Sian E. 2018 Standardisation in 3D Geometric Morphometrics: Ethics, Ownership, and Methods. Archaeologies 14:272–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hixon, Sean W., Lipo, Carl P., Hunt, Terry L., and Lee, Christopher 2017 Using Structure from Motion Mapping to Record and Analyze Details of the Colossal Hats (Pukao) of Monumental Statues on Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Advances in Archaeological Practice 6:1–16.Google Scholar
Hollinger, Eric R., Edwell, John Jr., Jacobs, Harold, Moran-Collins, Lora, Thome, Carolyn, Zastrow, Jonathan, Metallo, Adam, Waibel, Günter, and Rossi, Vince 2013 Tlingit-Smithsonian Collaborations with 3D Digitization of Cultural Objects. Museum Anthropology Review 7(1–2):201–253.Google Scholar
Howland, Matthew D. 2018 3D Recording in the Field: Style without Substance? In Cyber-Archaeology and Grand Narratives, edited by Levy, Thomas E. and Jones, Ian W. N., pp. 19–33. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Howland, Matthew D., Jones, Ian W. N., Najjar, Mohammad, and Levy, Thomas E. 2018 Quantifying the Effects of Erosion on Archaeological Sites with Low-Altitude Aerial Photography, Structure from Motion, and GIS: A Case Study from Southern Jordan. Journal of Archaeological Science 90:62–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huggett, Jeremy 2015 Challenging Digital Archaoelogy. Open Archaeology 1:79–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inomata, Takeshi, Triadan, Daniela, Pinzón, Flory, Burham, Melissa, Ranchos, José Luis, Aoyama, Kazuo, and Haraguchi, Tsuyoshi 2018 Archaeological Application of Airborne LiDAR to Examine Social Changes in the Ceibal Region of the Maya Lowlands. PLoS ONE 13(2):e0191619.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iovita, Radu, and McPherron, Shannon P. 2011 The Handaxe Reloaded: A Morphometric Reassessment of Acheulian and Middle Paleolithic Handaxes. Journal of Human Evolution 61:61–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jalandoni, Andrea, Domingo, Inés, and Taçon, Paul S. C. 2018 Testing the Value of Low-Cost Structure-from-Motion (SfM) Photogrammetry for Metric and Visual Analysis of Rock Art. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 17:605–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeter, Marvin D. 1984 Mound Volumes, Energy Ratios, Exotic Materials, and Contingency Tables: Comments on Some Recent Analyses of Copena Burial Practices. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 9:91–104.Google Scholar
Jo, Young Hoon, and Kim, J.Y. 2017 Three-Dimensional Digital Documentation of Heritage Sites Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Photogrammetry. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII–2/W5:395–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Robin Ann, and Solis, Ariel 2016 Using Photogrammetry to Interpret Human Action on Neolithic Monument Boulders in Ireland's Cavan Burren. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 8:90–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katyal, Sonia K. 2017 Technoheritage. California Law Review 105(4):1111–1172.Google Scholar
Kaufman, John, Clement, Morag, and Rennie, Allan 2015 Reverse Engineering Using Close Range Photogrammetry for Additive Manufactured Reproduction of Egyptian Artifacts and Other Objets d'Art. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 15(1):011006–011007.Google Scholar
Koenig, Charles W., Willis, Mark D., and Black, Stephen L. 2017 Beyond the Square Hole: Application of Structure from Motion Photogrammetry to Archaeological Excavation. Advances in Archaeological Practice 5:54–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kotoula, Eleni, Robinson, David W., Gandy, Devlin, and Jolie, Edward 2019 Computational Photography, 3-D Modeling, and Online Publication of Basketry for Cache Cave, California. Advances in Archaeological Practice 7:366–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koutsoudis, Anestis, Arnaoutoglou, Fotis, and Chamzas, Christodoulos 2007 On 3D Reconstruction of the Old City of Xanthi: A Minimum Budget Approach to Virtual Touring Based on Photogrammetry. Journal of Cultural Heritage 8:26–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kreij, Anna, Scriffignano, Jason, Rosendahl, Daniel, and Ulm, Sean 2018 Aboriginal Stone-Walled Intertidal Fishtrap Morphology, Function and Chronology Investigated with High-Resolution Close-Range Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Photogrammetry. Journal of Archaeological Science 96:148–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwan, Daniel H., and Kwan, Jamie M. 2017 Empowering Cultural Preservation in China through Participatory Digitization. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 12:161–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lacquement, Cameron H. 2010 Recalculating Mound Volume at Moundville. Southeastern Archaelogy 29:341–354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lancaster, Jerrad 2018 Pre- and Post-Arson Three-Dimensional Reconstructions of the Lichtenwalter Schoolhouse, Green, Ohio. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 8:1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsen, Bernie P., Holdaway, Simon J., Fanning, Patricia C., Mackrell, Tim, and Shiner, Justin I. 2017 Shape as an Outcome of Formation History: Terrestrial Laser Scanning of Shell Mounds from Far North Queensland, Australia. Quaternary International 427:5–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, Sam C., Douglass, Matthew, and Holdaway, Simon J. 2010 The Application of 3D Laser Scanning Technology to the Assessment of Ordinal and Mechanical Cortex Quantification in Lithic Analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 37:694–702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, Sam C., Douglass, Matthew, and Mackay, Alex 2016 Interpreting MIS3 Artefact Transport Patterns in Southern Africa Using Cortex Ratios: An Example from the Putslaagte Valley, Western Cape. South African Archaeological Bulletin 71(204):173–180.Google Scholar
Lonneville, Britt, De Roo, Berdien, Stal, Cornelis, De Wit, Bart, De Wulf, Alain, and De Maeyer, Philippe 2014 Accurate and Cost-Efficient 3D Modelling Using Motorized Hexacopter, Helium Balloons and Photo Modelling: A Case Study. In Digital Heritage: Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection, edited by Ioannides, Marinos, Magnenat-Thalmann, Nadia, Fink, Ewald, Žarnić, Roko, Yen, Alex, and Quak, Ewald, pp. 410–417. EuroMed 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 8740. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López, Juan F., Hoyer, Christian T., Rebentisch, Annika, Roesch, Anna Maria, Herkert, Klaus, Huber, Nadine, and Floss, Harald 2019 Tool Mark Analyses for the Identification of Palaeolithic Art and Modern Graffiti: The Case of Grottes d'Agneux in Rully (Saône-et-Loire, France). Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 14:e00107.Google Scholar
Lycett, Stephen J., von Cramon-Taubadel, Noreen, and Foley, Robert A. 2006 A Crossbeam Co-Ordinate Caliper for the Morphometric Analysis of Lithic Nuclei: A Description, Test and Empirical Examples of Application. Journal of Archaeological Science 33:847–861.Google Scholar
Lynch, Elizabeth M., Matthews, Neffra A., and Noble, Tommy A. 2017 Unraveling the Enigma of Prehistoric Bedrock Ground Stone Features on the Chaquaqua Plateau, Using Close-Range Photogrammetry. Quaternary International 439(B):50–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackay, Alex, Sumner, Alex, Jacobs, Zenobia, Marwick, Ben, Bluff, Kyla, and Shaw, Matthew 2014 Putslaagte 1 (PL1), the Doring River, and the Later Middle Stone Age in Southern Africa's Winter Rainfall Zone. Quaternary International 350:43–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackie, Madeline E. 2015 Estimating Age and Sex: Paleodemographic Identification Using Rock Art Hand Sprays, an Application in Johnson County, Wyoming. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 3:333–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magnani, Matthew 2014 Three-Dimensional Alternatives to Lithic Illustration. Advances in Archaeological Practice 2:285–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magnani, Matthew, and Douglass, Matthew 2018 Photogrammetry and Stereophotogrammetry. SAS Encyclopedia of Archaeological Sciences. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken.Google Scholar
Magnani, Matthew, Douglass, Matthew, and Porter, Samantha T. 2016a Closing the Seams: Resolving Frequently Encountered Issues in Photogrammetric Modelling. Antiquity 90:1654–1669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magnani, Matthew, Douglass, Matthew, and Porter, Samantha T. 2016b Three-Dimensional Models of Experimentally-Produced Lithic Artifacts Created Using Expedient and Refined Photogrammetry Protocols. Manuscript on file. Data Repository for the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
Magnani, Matthew, Guttorm, Anni, and Magnani, Natalia 2018 Three-Dimensional, Community-Based Heritage Management of Indigenous Museum Collections: Archaeological Ethnography, Revitalization and Repatriation at the Sámi Museum Siida. Journal of Cultural Heritage 31:162–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magnani, Matthew, and Schroder, Whittaker 2015 New Approaches to Modeling the Volume of Earthen Archaeological Features: A Case-Study from the Hopewell Culture Mounds. Journal of Archaeological Science 64:12–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mark, Robert, and Billo, Evelyn 2016 Low Altitude Unmanned Aerial Photography to Assist in Rock Art Studies. SAA Archaeological Record 16(2):14–16.Google Scholar
Martínez, Santiago, Ortiz, Juan, and Luz Gil, M. 2015 Geometric Documentation of Historical Pavements Using Automated Digital Photogrammetry and High-Density Reconstruction Algorithms. Journal of Archaeological Science 53:1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maté-González, Miguel Ángel, González-Aguilera, Diego, Linares-Matás, Gonzalo, and Yravedra, José 2019 New Technologies Applied to Modelling Taphonomic Alterations. Quaternary International 517:4–15.Google Scholar
McCarthy, John, and Benjamin, Jonathan 2014 Multi-Image Photogrammetry for Underwater Archaeological Site Recording: An Accessible, Diver-Based Approach. Journal of Maritime Archaeology 9:95–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Means, Bernard 2015 Promoting a More Interactive Public Archaeology: Archaeological Visualization and Reflexivity through Virtual Artifact Curation. Advances in Archaeological Practice 3:235–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Megarry, William, Graham, Conor, Gilhooly, Bernard, O'Neill, Brendan, Sands, Rob, Nyland, Astrid, and Cooney, Gabriel 2018 Debitage and Drones: Classifying and Characterising Neolithic Stone Tool Production in the Shetland Islands Using High Resolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery. Drones 2(12):1–14.Google Scholar
Meredith-Williams, Matthew G., Hausmann, Niklas, Bailey, Geoff N., King, Geoffrey C. P., Alsharekh, Abdullah, Al Ghamdi, Saud, and Inglis, Robyn H. 2014 Mapping, Modelling and Predicting Prehistoric Coastal Archaeology in the Southern Red Sea Using New Applications of Digital-Imaging Techniques. World Archaeology 46:10–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molloy, Barry, Wiśniewski, Mariusz, Lynam, Frank, O'Neill, Brendan, O'Sullivan, Aidan, and Peatfield, Alan 2016 Tracing Edges: A Consideration of the Applications of 3D Modelling for Metalwork Wear Analysis on Bronze Age Bladed Artefacts. Journal of Archaeological Science 76:79–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murtha, Timothy, Eben N, M.. Broadbent, Charles Golden, Scherer, Andrew, Schroder, Whittaker, Wilkinson, Ben, and Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica Maria 2019 Drone-Mounted Lidar Survey of Maya Settlement and Landscape. Latin American Antiquity 30:630–636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
New Palmyra 2019 #NewPalmyra. Website, newpalmyra.org, accessed August 15, 2019.Google Scholar
Nex, Francesco, and Remondino, Fabio 2014 UAV for 3D Mapping Applications: A Review. Applied Geomatics 6:1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikolakopoulos, Konstantinos G., Soura, Konstantina, Koukouvelas, Ioannis K., and Argyropoulos, Nikolaos G. 2017 UAV vs. Classical Aerial Photogrammetry for Archaeological Studies. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 14:758–773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Driscoll, James 2019 Picture Perfect: Using Drone Technology and Photogrammetry Techniques to Map the Western Stone Forts of Ireland. Journal of Field Archaeology 44:126–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, Brandon R., Placchetti, Ryan A., Quartermaine, Jamie and Killebrew, Anne E. 2013 The Tel Akko Total Archaeology Project (Akko, Israel): Assessing the Suitability of Multi-Scale 3D Field Recording in Archaeology. Journal of Field Archaeology 38:244–262.Google Scholar
Olson, Kyle G., and Rouse, Lynne M. 2018 A Beginner's Guide to Mesoscale Survey with Quadrotor-UAV Systems. Advances in Archaeological Practice 7:1–15.Google Scholar
Orenga, Hector A., and Garcia-Molsosa, Arnau 2019 A Brave New World for Archaeological Survey: Automated Machine Learning- Based Potsherd Detection Using High-Resolution Drone Imagery. Journal of Archaeological Science 112:105013CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortiz-Cordero, Rafael, and Fernández, Rafael 2017 3D Photogrammetry, Capacity, Filling Time and Water Flow Simulation of Cordoba's Mosque-Cathedral Islamic Cistern. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 4:39–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ozán, Ivana L. 2017 Gravity and the Formation of the Archaeological Record: Main Concepts and Methodological Tools. Geoarchaeology 32:646–661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pacheco-Ruiz, Rodrigo, Adams, Jonathan, and Pedrotti, Felix 2018 4D Modelling of Low Visibility Underwater Archaeological Excavations Using Multi-Source Photogrammetry in the Bulgarian Black Sea. Journal of Archaeological Science 100:120–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papworth, Heather, Ford, Andrew, Welham, Kate, and Thackray, David 2016 Assessing 3D Metric Data of Digital Surface Models for Extracting Archaeological Data from Archive Stereo-Aerial Photographs. Journal of Archaeological Science 75:85–104.Google Scholar
Parcero-Oubiña, Cesar, Mañana-Borrazás, Patricia, Güimil-Fariña, Alejandro, Pino, Mariela, Fábrega-Álvarez, Pastor, and Borie, Cesar 2016 Mapping on a Budget: A Low-Cost UAV Approach for the Documentation of Prehispanic Fields in Atacama (N. Chile). SAA Archaeological Record 16(2):17–21.Google Scholar
Peinado Checa, Zaira J.P., Morales, Angélica Fernandez, and Hernandez, Luis Agustín 2014 Combinacion de Fotogrametria Terrestre y Aerea de Bajo Coste: El Levantamiento Tridimensional de la Iglesia de San Miguel de Agreda (Soria). Virtual Archaeology Review 5(10):51–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, Fei, Lin, Sam C., Guo, Jialong, Wang, Huimin, and Gao, Xing 2017 The Application of SfM Photogrammetry Software for Extracting Artifact Provenience from Paleolithic Excavation Surfaces. Journal of Field Archaeology 42:326–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pepe, Massimiliano, Ackermann, Sebastiano, Fregonese, Luigi, and Achille, Cristiana 2016 3D Point Cloud Model Color Adjustment by Combining Terrestrial Laser Scanner and Close Range Photogrammetry Datasets. International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering 10(11):1918–1924.Google Scholar
Pérez-Alvárez, Juan Antonio, Gonçalves, Gil Rito, and Cerrillo-Cuenca, Enrique 2019 A Protocol for Mapping Archaeological Sites through Aerial 4k Videos. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 13:e00101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pérez-García, José Luis, Mozas-Calvache, Antonio Tomás, Gómez-López, José Miguel, and Jiménez-Serrano, Alejandro 2018 Three-Dimensional Modelling of Large Archaeological Sites Using Images Obtained from Masts: Application to Qubbet el-Hawa Site (Aswan, Egypt). Archaeological Prospection 26(2):1–15.Google Scholar
Pérez-García, José Luis, Mozas-Calvache, Antonio Tomás, Vincent, Barba-Colmeero, and Jiménez-Serrano, Alejandro 2019 Photogrammetric Studies of Inaccessible Sites in Archaeology: Case Study of Burial Chambers in Qubbet el-Hawa (Aswan, Egypt). Journal of Archaeological Science 102:1–10.Google Scholar
Petraglia, Michael D., and Potts, Richard 1994 Water Flow and the Formation of Early Pleistocene Artifact Sites in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 13:228–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, Emily, Reeves, Jonathan, Douglass, Matthew, and Braun, David 2018 Taphonomic Comparisons of Stone Tool Transport: Surface vs. Excavated Collection. Paper presented at the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Pierdicca, Roberto 2018 Mapping Chimu's Settlements for Conservation Purposes Using UAV and Close Range Photogrammetry: The Virtual Reconstruction of Palacio Tschudi, Chan Chan, Peru. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 8:27–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polo, María-Eugenia, Vaquero, José M., and Felicísimo, Ángel M. 2017 Metric Properties of Sundials Using 3-D Models from Digital Photography. Historical Archaeology 51:557–562.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porter, Samantha T., Roussel, Morgan, and Soressi, Marie 2016 A Simple Photogrammetry Rig for the Reliable Creation of 3D Artifact Models in the Field: Lithic Examples from the Early Upper Paleolithic Sequence of Les Cottés (France). Advances in Archaeological Practice 4:71–86.Google Scholar
Porter, Samantha T., Roussel, Morgan, and Soressi, Marie 2019 A Comparison of Châtelperronian and Protoaurignacian Core Technology Using Data Derived from 3D Models. Journal of Computer Applications in Archaeology 2:41–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Project Mosul 2019 Rekrei (Project Mosul). Electronic document, https://projectmosul.org/, accessed August 15, 2019.Google Scholar
Ranhorn, Kathryn L., Braun, David, Gürbüz, Rebecca Biermann, Greiner, Elliot, Wawrzyniak, Daniel, and Brooks, Alison 2019 Evaluating Prepared Core Assemblages with Three-Dimensional Methods: A Case Study from the Middle Paleolithic at Skhūl (Israel). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 11:3225–3238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reeves, Jonathan, Douglass, Matthew, Seminew, Asrat, Miller, Melissa, and Braun, David 2018 Landscape Evolution, Digital Terrain Analysis, and the Integrity of Surface Assemblages: A Case Study from the Koobi Fora Formation. Paper presented at the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Remondino, Fabio, Barazzetti, Luigi, Nex, Francesco, Scaioni, Marco, and Sarazzi, Daniele 2011 UAV Photogrammetry for Mapping and 3D Modeling—Current Status and Future Perspectives. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 38(1):1–7.Google Scholar
Rick, John W. 1976 Downslope Movement and Archaeological Intrasite Spatial Analysis. American Antiquity 41:133–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rinaudo, Fulvio, Chiabrando, Filiberto, Lingua, Andrea M., and Spanò, Antonia T. 2012 Archaeological Site Monitoring: UAV Photogrammetry Can Be an Answer. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 39(B5):583–588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Risbøl, Ole, and Gustavsen, Lars 2018 LiDAR from Drones Employed for Mapping Archaeology—Potential, Benefits, and Challenges. Archaeological Prospection 25:329–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, Madaline, Porter, Augustine, Figueira, Will, and Fletcher, Roland 2019 Neolithic Temples of Malta: 3D Analysis Points to Novel Roof Reconstruction. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 13:e00095.Google Scholar
Romain, William F. 1996 Hopewellian Geometry: Forms at the Interface of Time and Eternity. In A View from the Core: A Synthesis of Ohio Hopewell Archaeology, edited by Pachecko, Paul, pp. 194–209. Ohio Archaeological Council, Columbus.Google Scholar
Roosevelt, Christopher H., Cobb, Peter, Moss, Emanuel, Olson, Brandon R., and Ünlüsoy, Sinan 2015 Excavation Is Destruction Digitization: Advances in Archaeological Practice. Journal of Field Archaeology 40:325–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sabina, Ruiz, Ángel, Juan, Valle, David Gallego, Ruiz, Cristina Peña, Molero Garcia, Jesús Manuel, and Gomez Laguna, Antonio 2015 Fotogrametria aérea por drone en yacimientos con grandes estructuras: Propuesta metodológica y aplicación práctica en los castillos medievales del Campo de Montiel. Virtual Archaeology Review 6(13):5–19.Google Scholar
Salazar, Sergio, Garate, Diego, Intxaurbe, Iñaki, Rivero, Olivia, and Moreno, Javier 2019 An Unknown “Classic Cave”: Re-Evaluation of El Salitre (Ajanedo, Cantabria, Spain) Rock Art with 3D Digital Recording Methodologies. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 26:101921.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saleri, Renato, Cappellini, Valeria, Nony, Nicolas, De Luca, Livio, Pierrot-Deseilligny, Marc, Bardiere, Emmanuel, and Campi, Massimiliano 2013 UAV Photogrammetry for Archaeological Survey: The Theaters Area of Pompeii. Digital Heritage International Congress 2:497–502.Google Scholar
Sapirstein, Philip 2016 Accurate Measurement with Photogrammetry at Large Sites. Journal of Archaeological Science 66:137–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sapirstein, Philip 2018 A High-Precision Photogrammetric Recording System for Small Artifacts. Journal of Cultural Heritage 31:33–45.Google Scholar
Schick, Kathy Diane 1986 Stone Age Sites in the Making: Experiments in the Formation and Transformation of Archaeological Occurrences. BAR International Series 319. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, Matthew, Ames, Christopher, Phillips, Natasha, Chambers, Sherrie, Dosseto, Anthony, Douglass, Matthew, Goble, Ron, Jacobs, Zenobia, Jones, Brian, Lin, Sam C., Low, Marika A., McNeil, Jessica-Louise, Nasoordeen, Shezani, O'Driscoll, Corey, Saktura, Rsaria B., Sumner, Alexandra T., Watson, Sara, and Mackay, Alex 2019 The Doring River Archaeological Project: Approaching the Evolution of Human Landuse Patterns in the Western Cape, South Africa. PaleoAnthropology 2019:400–422.Google Scholar
Shott, Michael 2014 Digitizing Archaeology: A Subtle Revolution in Analysis. World Archaeology 49:1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorant, Peter E., and Shenkel, J. Richard 1984 The Calculation of Volumes of Middens, Mounds, and Strata Having Irregular Shapes. American Antiquity 49:599–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strasser, Thomas F., Murray, Sarah C., van der Geer, Alexandra, Kolb, Christina, and Ruprecht, Louis A. 2018 Palaeolithic Cave Art from Crete, Greece. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 18:100–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Štuhec, Seta, Verhoeven, Geert, and Štuhec, Iztok 2019 Modelling Building Costs from 3D Building Models: Estimating the Construction Effort from Image-Based Surface Models of Dry-Stone Shepherd Shelters (Kras, Slovenia). ISPRS-International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 42:691–698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Themistocleous, Kyriacos 2017 Model Reconstruction for 3D Vizualization of Cultural Heritage Sites Using Open Data from Social Media: The Case Study of Soli, Cyprus. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 14:774–781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Themistocleous, Kyriacos, Agapiou, Athos, King, Helen M., King, Nigel, and Hadjimitsis, Diofantos G. 2014 More than a Flight: The Extensive Contributions of UAV Flights to Archaeological Research—The Case Study of Curium Site in Cyprus. In Digital Heritage: Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection, edited by Ioannides, Marinos, Magnenat-Thalmann, Nadia, Fink, Eleanor, Žarnić, Roko, Yen, Alex, and Quak, Ewald, pp. 396–409. EuroMed 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 8740. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Themistocleous, Kyriacos, Lysandrou, Vasiliki, Cuca, Branka, Agapiou, Athos, and Hadjimitsis, Diofantos G. 2015 Exploring the Ancient Kourion City Site from the Air Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era 4:307–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, Erin L. 2017 Legal and Ethical Considerations for Digital Recreations of Cultural Heritage. Chapman Law Review 20:153–176.Google Scholar
Thompson, Jessica C., Tyler Faith, J., Cleghorn, Naomi, and Hodgkins, Jamie 2017 Identifying the Accumulator: Making the Most of Bone Surface Modification Data. Journal of Archaeological Science 85:105–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timbrell, Lucy, and Plomp, Kimberly A. 2019 Using the Shape of the Basicranial Portion of the Temporal Bone to Distinguish between Relatively Closely-Related Human Populations. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 26:101885.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turpin, Solveig A., Watson, Richard P., Dennett, Sarah, and Muessig, Hans 1979 Stereophotogrammetric Documentation of Exposed Archaeological Features. Journal of Field Archaeology 6:329–337.Google Scholar
Vallet, Julien 2007 GPS/IMU and LiDAR Integration to Aerial Photogrammetry: Development and Practical Experiences with the Helimap System. Vorträge Dreiländertagung 27:1–10.Google Scholar
Verhoeven, Geert J. 2009 Providing an Archaeological Bird's-Eye View—An Overall Picture of Ground-Based Means to Execute Low-Altitude Aerial Photography (LAAP) in Archaeology. Archaeological Prospection 16:233–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vincent, Matthew L., Gutierrez, Mariano Flores, Coughenour, Chance, Manuel, Victor, Bendicho, Lopez-Menchero, Remondino, Fabio, and Fritsch, Dieter 2015 Crowd-Sourcing the 3D Digital Reconstructions of Lost Cultural Heritage. Digital Heritage 2015:171–172. DOI:10.1109/DigitalHeritage.2015.7413863.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, Collin A. B. 2017 Retrospective Photogrammetry in Greek Archaeology. Studies in Digital Heritage 1:607–626.Google Scholar
Wernke, Steven A., Adams, Julie A., and Hooten, Eli R. 2014 Capturing Complexity: Toward an Integrated Low-Altitude Photogrammetry and Mobile Geographic Information System Archaeological Registration System. Advances in Archaeological Practice 2:147–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, Paul F., Stott, Janet, Warnett, Jason M., Attridge, Alex, Smith, Paul M., and Williams, Mark A. 2017 Evaluation of Touchable 3D-Printed Replicas in Museums. Curator: The Museum Journal 60:445–465.Google Scholar
Yamafune, Kotaro, Torres, Raymond, and Castro, Felipe 2017 Multi-Image Photogrammetry to Record and Reconstruct Underwater Shipwreck Sites. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 24:703–725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yravedra, José, Maté-González, Miguel Ángel, Palomeque-González, Juan Francisco, Aramendi, Julia, Estaca-Gómez, Verónica, Juan Blazquez, María San, Vargas, Elena García, Organista, Elia, González-Aguilera, Diego, Arriaza, Mari Carmen, Cobo-Sánchez, Lucía, Gidna, Agness, Del Val, David Uribelarrea, Baquedano, Enrique, Mabulla, Audax, and Domínguez-Rodrigo, Manuel 2017 A New Approach to Raw Material Use in the Exploitation of Animal Carcasses at BK (Upper Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania): A Micro-Photogrammetric and Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Fossil Cut Marks. Boreas 46:860–873.Google Scholar
Zimmer, Brian, Liutkus-Pierce, Cynthia, Marshall, Scott T., Hatala, Kevin, Metallo, Adam, and Rossi, Vincent 2018 Using Differential Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry to Quantify Erosion at the Engare Sero Footprint Site, Tanzania. Quaternary Science Reviews 198:226–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zubrow, Ezra B.W. 2006 Digital Archaeology: A Historical Context. In Digital Archaeology: Bridging Method and Theory, edited by Evans, Thomas L. and Daly, Patrick, pp. 10–31. Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Zvietcovich, Fernando, Navarro, Luis, Saldana, Julio, Castillo, Luis Jaime, and Casaneda, Benjamin 2016 A Novel Method for Estimating the Complete 3D Shape of Pottery with Axial Symmetry from Single Potsherds Based on Principal Component Analysis. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 3:42–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar