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Adaptive Cycles of Coastal Hunter-Gatherers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Victor D. Thompson  and
John A. Turck
Victor D. Thompson
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, 4034 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th Ave. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 ([email protected])
John A. Turck
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, 250A Baldwin Hall, Jackson St., University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-1619 ([email protected])
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Abstract

Along the southeastern Atlantic coast of Georgia, hunter-gatherer groups substantially altered the landscape for more than three millennia (ca. 4,200-1,000 B.P.) leaving behind a distinct material record in the form of shell rings, middens, and burial mounds. During this time, these groups experienced major changes in sea level and resource distribution. Specifically, we take a resilience theory approach to address these changes and discuss the utility of this theory for archaeology in general. We suggest that despite major destabilizing forces in the form of sea-level lowering and its concomitant effects on resource distribution, cultural systems rebounded to a structural pattern similar to the one expressed prior to environmental disruption. We propose, in part, the ability for people to return to similar patterns was the result of the high visibility of previous behaviors inscribed on the landscape in the form of shell middens and rings from the period preceding environmental disruption. Finally, despite a return to similar cultural formulations, hunter-gatherers experienced some fundamental changes resulting in modifications to existing behaviors (e.g., ringed villages) as well as the addition of new ones in the form of burial-mound construction.

Résumé

Résumé

A lo largo de la costa Atlántica del sureste de Georgia, grupos de cazadores-recolectores alteraron el paisaje de manera significativa por más de tres milenios (entre ca. 4200 y 1000 A.P.) dejando un registro material distintivo caracterizado por anillos de conchas, basureros, y montículos funerarios. Durante este periodo, estos grupos experimentaron los importantes cambios que sufrió el nivel del mar y la distribución de los recursos. De manera más especifica, para abordar el estudio de estos cambios, nosotros tomamos una aproximación basada en la teoría de la resiliencia y discutimos la utilidad de esta teoría para la arqueología en general. Sugerimos que a pesar de las grandes fuerzas desestabilizadoras como el descenso del nivel del mar y sus efectos concomitantes en la distribución de los recursos, los sistemas culturales se recuperaron a un patrón estructural similar al expresado con anterioridad a las interrupciones ambientales. Proponemos que la habilidad de estos grupos para retornar a patrones similares fue en parte el resultado de la gran visibilidad de los comportamientos anteriores inscriptos en el paisaje en la forma de basureros y anillos de conchas correspondientes al periodo anterior a la interrupción ambiental. Finalmente, si bien los grupos de cazadores-recolectores retornaron a formulaciones culturales similares, ellos experimentaron cambios fundamentales que resultaron en modificaciones a los comportamientos existentes (por ejemplo, las aldeas circulares), así como la adición de nuevos comportamientos como ser la construcción de montículos funerarios.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 74 , Issue 2 , April 2009 , pp. 255 - 278
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2009

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