Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:16:05.417Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Case-based design: A review and analysis of building design applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2009

Ian Watson
Affiliation:
AI-CBR, Bridgewater Building, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, U.K.
Srinath Perera
Affiliation:
Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka

Abstract

This paper presents a review of CBD and its application to building design in particular. Case-based design is the application of case-based reasoning to the design process. Design maps well to case-based reasoning because designers use parts of previous design solutions in developing new design solutions. This paper identifies problems of case representation, retrieval, adaptation, presentation, and case-based maintenance along with creativity, legal, and ethical issues that need to be addressed by CBD systems. It provides a comprehensive review of CBD systems developed for building design and provides a detailed comparison of the CBD systems reviewed.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aamodt, A., & Plaza, E. (1994). Case-based reasoning: Foundational issues, methodological variations and system approaches. Europ. J. Artif. Inlell. AICOM 7 (1), 3959.Google Scholar
Akin, O. (1986). Psychology of architectural design. Pion, London.Google Scholar
Akin, O. (1988). Expertise of the architect. In Expert Systems for Engineering Design (Rychener, M., Ed.), pp. 173196. Academic Press, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alshawi, M. (1995). Dynamic generation of design plans at the brief stage. CAAD Futures '95, NUS, Singapore.Google Scholar
Arciszewski, T., & Michalski, R.S. (1994). Inferential design theory: A conceptual outline. In Artificial Intelligence in Design '94 (Gero, J.S., & Sudweeks, F., Eds.), pp. 295308. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Asimov, M. (1965). Introduction to design. Prentice Hall, New York.Google Scholar
Bakhtari, S., & Bartsch-Sporl, B. (1994). Bridging the gap between AI technology and design requirements. In Artificial Intelligence in Design (Gero, J.S., & Sudweeks, F., Eds.), pp. 753768. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Barber, J., Bhatta, S., Goel, A., Jacobsen, M., Pearce, M., Penberthy, L., Shankar, M., & Stroulia, E. (1992). AskJef: Integrating case-based reasoning and multimedia technologies for interface design support. In Artificial Intelligence in Design '92 (Gero, J.S., Ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA.Google Scholar
Bardasz, B., & Zeid, I. (1993). Dejavu: Case-based reasoning for mechanical design. AIEDAM 7 (2), 111124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barletta, R., & Mark, W. (1988). Explanation-based indexing of cases. Proc. 7th National Conf. Artif. Intell.Google Scholar
Bartsch-Sporl, B. (1994). Representing and using cases in visualisation-oriented design domains. In Proc. 2nd EWCBR '94 (Kean, M., Haton, J.P., & Manago, M., Eds.), pp. 253261. Springer, Berlin.Google Scholar
Bartsch-Sporl, B. (1995). Towards the Integration of Case-Based, Schema-Based and Model-Based Reasoning for Supporting Complex Design Tasks. In Case-Based Reasoning Research & Development—ICCBR '95 (Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A., Eds.), pp. 145156. Springer, Sesimbra, Portugal.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brock, B. (1992). Die Schonheit in der Vernunft. Lecture at ETH on May 12, Zurich.Google Scholar
Carbonell, J.G. (1986). Derivational analogy: A theory of reconstructive problem solving and expertise acquisition. In Machine Learning—An Artificial Intelligence Approach, Vol. 2, pp. 371391. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA.Google Scholar
Chandrasekaran, B. (1990). Design problem solving: A task analysis. AAAI, AI Magazine, 5971.Google Scholar
Communications of the ACM. (1995). December 38 (12).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coulon, C.H., & Steffens, R. (1994). Comparing fragments by their images. In Similarity Concepts and Retrieval Methods (Vob, A., Ed.), pp. 3644. GMD, Sankt Augustin.Google Scholar
Coulon, C.H. (1995). Automatic Indexing Retrieval and Reuse of Topologies in Architectural Layouts. CAAD Features 1995, NUS, Singapore.Google Scholar
Darke, J. (1984). Developments in design methodology. Wiley, Chichester.Google Scholar
Dixon, J.R. (1988). On research methodology towards a scientific theory of engineering design. AIEDAM 1 (3).Google Scholar
Dixon, J.R., & Simmons, M.K. (1983). Computers that design: Expert systems for mechanical engineers. Comput. Mech. Eng. 2 (3), 1018.Google Scholar
Dixon, J.R., & Simmons, M.K. (1984). An architecture for the application of artificial intelligence to design. Proc. ACM/IEEE—21st Annual Design Automation Conf., pp. 634640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domeshek, E., & Kolodner, J. (1991). Toward a case-based aid for conceptual design. Int. J. Expert Syst. 4 (2), 201220.Google Scholar
Domeshek, E., & Kolodner, J. (1992). A case-based design aid for architecture. Artificial Intelligence in Design '92, pp. 497516. The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Domeshek, E., & Kolodner, J. (1993). Using the points of large cases. AIEDAM 7 (2), 8796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domeshek, E.A., Zimring, C.M., & Kolodner, J.L. (1994). Scaling up is hard to do: Experiences in preparing a case-based design aid prototype for field trial, ASCE. American Society of Civil Engineers '94, pp. 430437.Google Scholar
FABEL (1993a). Report No. 2, Survey of FABEL, The FABEL Consortium.Google Scholar
FABEL (1993b). Report No. 13. In Similarity Concepts and Retrieval Methods (Vob, A., Ed.).Google Scholar
FABEL (1994). Report No. 24, Evaluation of Retrieval Methods in Case-Based Design, Carl-Helmut Coulon. Friedrich Cebhardt.Google Scholar
FABEL (1996). http://nathan.gmd.de/projects/fabel.html. World-Wide Web.Google Scholar
Faltings, B. (1991). Case-based representation of architectual design knowledge. In Computational Intelligence 3 (Cercone, N., Ed.), pp. 273281. Amsterdam, Holland.Google Scholar
Fey, V., & Vertkin, I. (1993). The theory of inventive problem solving for systems engineering and logistics support. Proc. Int. Symposium Advances in Logistics, Exeter University, Exeter, UK.Google Scholar
Flemming, U. (1994). Case-based design in the SEED system. Automation in Construction 3, 123133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flemming, U., Baykan, C.A., Coyne, R.F., & Fox, M.S. (1992). Hierarchical generate-and-test vs. constraint-directed search. Engineering Design Research Centre, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.Google Scholar
Flemming, U., Coyne, R., & Woodbury, R. (1993). SEED: A software environment to support the early phases in bulding desing. ARECDAO '93 Proc. Fourth Int. Conf. on CAD in Architecture and Civil Eng., pp. 111122.Google Scholar
Flemming, U., Coyne, R., & Snyder, J. (1994). Case-based design in the SEED system. ASCE, pp. 446453.Google Scholar
Gentner, D., & Forbus, K.D. (1991). MAC/FAC: A model of similarity-based retrieval. Proc. 13th Conf. Cognitive Science, pp. 504509.Google Scholar
Gero, J.S. (1987). Expert systems in computer aided design. Proc. IFIP W5.2 Working Conf. on Expert Systems in Computer Aided Design.Google Scholar
Gero, J.S. (1990). Design prototypes: A knowledge representation schema for design. AI Magazine 11 (4), 2636.Google Scholar
Gero, J.S., & Maher, M.L. (1992). Mutation and analogy to support creativity in computer-aided design. CAAD Futures '91, pp. 261270. Vieweg, Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Goel, A. (1989). Integration of case-based reasoning and model-based reasoning for adaptive design problem solving. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Computer & Information Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.Google Scholar
Goel, A., Kolodner, J.L., Pearce, M., Billington, R., & Zimring, C. (1991). Towards a case-based tool for aiding conceptual design problem solving. Proc: Workshop on Case-based Reasoning (DARPA). Morgan Kaufmann, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Goldberg, D.E. (1989). Genetic algorithms in search optimisation and machine learning. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.Google Scholar
Grather, W. (1994). Computing distance between attribute-value representations in an associative memory. In Similarity Concepts and Retrieval Methods (Vob, A., Ed.), pp. 1225. GMD, Sankt Augustin.Google Scholar
Haller, F. (1974). MIDI—ein offenes system fur mehregeschossige bauten mil integrierter medieninstallation. USM baausysteme haller, Munsingen.Google Scholar
Haller, F. (1988). bauen und forschen. Fritz Haller Solothurn, Ausstellung des Knustvereins Solothurn.Google Scholar
Hanney, K., Keane, M., Smyth, B., & Cunningham, P. (1995). What kind of adaptation do CBR system sneed?: A review of current practice. Review of Adaptation in CBR Systems, Proc. AAAI Fall Symposium Technical Report FS-95–02. AAAI Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, J.R. (1981). The complete problem solver. The Franklin Institute Press, Philadelphia, PA.Google Scholar
Hennessy, D., & Hinkle, D. (1992). Applying case-based reasoning to autoclave loading. IEEE Expert 7 (5), 2126.Google Scholar
Hinrichs, T.R. (1988). Towards an architecture for open world problem solving. Proc. Workshop on CBR (DARPA). Morgan Kaufmann, New York.Google Scholar
Hua, K., & Faltings, B. (1993). Exploring case-based building design-Cadre. AIEDAM 7 (2), 135143.Google Scholar
Hua, K., Faltings, B., Smith, I., Schmitt, G., & Shih, S.G. (1992). Adaptation of spatial design cases. 2nd International Conference on AI in Design, pp. 559575. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Huff, C., & Martin, C.D. (1995). Computing consequences: A framework for teaching ethical computing. Communications of the ACM 38 (12), 7584.Google Scholar
Hunt, J. (1995). Evolutionary case based design. In Progress in Case-Based Reasoning (Watson, I.D., Ed.), pp. 1731. Springer, Salford, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, J., & Miles, R. (1995). Towards an intelligent architectural design aid. Expert Systems 12 (3), 209218.Google Scholar
Keeney, R., & Raiffa, H. (1976). Decisions with multiple objectives: Preferences and value tradeoffs. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Kolodner, J.L. (1988). Proceedings of the 1st case-based reasoning workshop. Morgan Kaufmann, New York.Google Scholar
Kolodner, J.L. (1993). Case-based reasoning. Morgan Kaufmann, New York.Google Scholar
Koton, P. (1989). Using experience in learning and problem solving. Ph.D. Thesis, MIT/LCS/TR-441, Laboratory of Computer Science.Google Scholar
Lehane, M.S., & Moore, C.J. (1996). Applying case-based reasoning in bridge design. In Information Technology in Civil and Structural Engineering Design (Kumar, B., MacLeod, I.A., & Retik, A., Eds.), pp. 16. Civil-Comp Limited, UK.Google Scholar
Linowski, B. (1994). Computing distances between attribute-value representations in a flat memory. In Similarity Concepts and Retrieval Methods (Vob, A., Ed.), pp. 2635. GMD, Sankt Augustin.Google Scholar
Mackinder, M., & Marvin, H.E. (1982). Design decision making in architectural practice. Research paper No. 19, Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies, University of York.Google Scholar
Maher, M.L. (1987). Engineering design synthesis: A domain independent representation. A1EDAM 1 (3), 207213.Google Scholar
Maher, M.L. (1994a). Representation of case memory for structural design. ASCE 20302037.Google Scholar
Maher, M.L. (1994b). Creative design using a genetic algorithm. ASCE 20142021.Google Scholar
Maher, M.L., & Balachandran, B. (1994a). Flexible retrieval strategies for case-based design. In Artificial Intelligence in Design '94 (Gero, J.S., & Sudweeks, F., Eds.), pp. 163180. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Maher, M.L., & Balachandran, B. (1994a). Multimedia approach to case-based structural design. J. Comput. Civil Eng. 8 (3), 359376.Google Scholar
Maher, M.L., & Zhang, D.M. (1991). CADSYN: Using case and decomposition knowledge for design synthesis. In Artificial Intelligence in Design (Gero, J., Ed.).Google Scholar
Maher, M.L., & Zhang, D.M. (1993). CADSYN: A case-based design process model. AIEDAM 7 (2), 97110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maher, M.L., & Zhao, F. (1987). Using experience to plan the synthesis of new designs. In Expert Systems in Computer Aided Design (Gero, J.S., Ed.), pp. 349373. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Maher, M.L., Balachandran, M.B., & Zhang, D.M. (1995). Case-based reasoning in design. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale, NJ.Google Scholar
Marir, F., & Watson, I.D. (1995a). CBRefurb: A case-based building refurbishment cost estimator and decision support system. In Developments in Artificial Intelligence for Civil and Structural Engineering (Topping, B.H.V., Ed.), pp. 231236. Civil-Comp Press, Edinburgh, UK.Google Scholar
Marir, F., & Watson, I.D. (1995b). Representing and indexing building refurbishment cases for multiple retrieval of adaptable pieces of cases. In Case-Based Reasoning Research & Development—ICCBR '95 (Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A., Eds.), pp. 5566. Springer, Sesimbra, Portugal.Google Scholar
Mittal, S., Dym, C.L., & Morjaria, M. (1985). Pride: An expert system for the design of paper handling systems. In Application of Knowledge Based Systems, pp. 99115. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.Google Scholar
Moore, C.J., & Lehane, M.S. (1996). A case-base for decision support in bridge design. IEEE Expert.Google Scholar
Mostow, J. (1989). Design by derivational analogy: Issues in the automated replay of design plans. Artif. Intell. 119184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Navinchandra, D.J. (1987). Exploring for innovative designs by relaxing criteria and reasoning from precedent knowledge. D.Sc. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Navinchandra, D. (1988). Case-based reasoning in CYCLOPS, a design problem solver. Proceedings: Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning (DARPA), pp. 286301. Morgan Kaufmann, Clearwater. FL, San Mateo, CA.Google Scholar
Navinchandra, D. (1991). Exploration and innovation in design: Towards a computational model. Springer-Verlag, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Navinchandra, D., Sycara, K.P., & Narasimhan, S. (1991). Behavioural synthesis in CADET, a case-based design tool. Proc. Seventh IEEE Conf. on AI Applications, pp. 217221. IEEE Press, Miami, New York.Google Scholar
Newell, A. (1980). Reasoning, problem solving and decision process: The problem space as a fundamental category. Attention and Performance 8, 693718.Google Scholar
Oxman, R.E. (1993). INDEX: A case-based reasoning approach of content-based indexing for design. The 8th Int. Conf. Application of Artif. Intell. Vol. 1, pp. 201218.Google Scholar
Oxman, R. (1994). Precedents in design: A computational model for the organisation of case knowledge, pp. 438445. American Society of Civil Engineers '94.Google Scholar
Oxman, R. (1995). Design case bases: Graphic knowledge bases for the design workspace. Int. Conf. Computer Aided Architectural Design—CAAD. Futures, Singapore.Google Scholar
Oxman, R., & Oxman, R. (1993a). Remembrance of things pase: Design precedents in libraries. Automation in Construction 2, 2129.Google Scholar
Oxman, R., & Oxman, R. (1993b). PRECEDENTS: Memory structure in design case libraries. In CAAD Futures '93 (Flemming, U., & Wyk, S.V., Eds.), pp. 273287. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Pahl, G., & Beitz, W. (1984). Engineering design. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
Pearce, M., Goel, A., Kolodner, J.L., ZImring, C., Sentosa, L., & Billington, R. (1992). Case-based design support: A case study in architectural design. IEEE Expert 7 (5), 1420.Google Scholar
Perera, A.A.D.A.J. (1989). Cost effective designs. Ph.D. Thesis, Loughborough University of Technology, UK.Google Scholar
Perera, R.S., Watson, I.D., & Alshawi, M. (1995). Case-based design approach for integration of design and estimating. Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Application of AI to Civil & Structural Eng.Google Scholar
Perera, R.S. & Watson, I.D. (1995). NIRMANI: An integrated case-based system for strategic design and estimating. Proc. First UK CBR Workshop, Progress in Case-Based Reasoning, pp. 185200. Springer-Verlag, Salford, UK.Google Scholar
Perera, R.S., & Watson, I.D. (1996). Multi-agent collaborative case-based estimating and design in NIRMANI: Organising a multi-perspective case memory. In Information Processing in Civil and Structural Engineering Design (Kumar, B., Ed.), pp. 5364. Civil-Comp Press, Scotland, UK.Google Scholar
Pu, P. (1993). Introduction: Issues in case-based design systems. AIEDAM 7 (2), 7985.Google Scholar
Pu, P., & Reschberger, M. (1991). Assembly sequence planning using case-based reasoning technique. In Artificial Intelligence in Design '91. Butterworth Heinemann, London.Google Scholar
Raphael, B., Kumar, B., & McLeod, I.A. (1994). Representing design cases based on methods. ASCE 285292.Google Scholar
Riesbeck, C.K., & Schank, R.S. (1989). Inside case-based reasoning. Erlbaum, Northvale, NJ.Google Scholar
Roderman, S., & Tsatsoulis, C. (1993). PANDA: A case-based system to aid novice designers. AIEDAM 7 (2), 125133.Google Scholar
Rosenman, M.A., & Gero, J.S. (1993). Creativity in design using a design prototype approach. In Modelling Creativity and Knowledge-Based Creative Design (Gero, J.S., & Maher, M.L., Eds), pp. 111138. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Publishers, Hillsdale, NJ.Google Scholar
Schaaf, J.W. (1994). Using gestalten to retrieve cases. Proc. EWCBR '94, pp. 7583.Google Scholar
Schaaf, J.W., & Voss, A. (1995). Retrieval of similar layouts in FABEL using AspecT. In CAAD Features 1995. NUS, Singapore.Google Scholar
Schank, R. (1986). Explanation patterns. In Understanding mechanically and creatively. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.Google Scholar
Schank, R., & Abelson, R. (1975). Scripts, plans, and knowledge. Proc. Fourth Int. Joint Conf. Artif. Intell., pp. 151157.Google Scholar
Schank, R.C., & Abelson, R.P. (1977). Scripts, plans, goals and understanding. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.Google Scholar
Schmitt, G. (1993a). Case-based design and creativity. Journal of Automation in Construction 2, 1119.Google Scholar
Schmitt, G. (1993b). Case-based reasoning in an integrated design and construction system. Int. J. Construction Inf. Technol. 1 (3), 3951.Google Scholar
Schmitt, G., Bailey, S.F., & Smith, I.F.C. (1994). Advances and challenges in case-based design. ASCE, 301309.Google Scholar
Shih, S.G. (1994). The use of string grammars in architectural design. Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Architecture, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Simon, H.A. (1973). The structure of ill structured problems. Artif. Intell. 4, 181201.Google Scholar
Simoudis, E., Mendall, A., & Miller, P. (1993). Automated support for developing retrieve-and-propose systems. Proc. Artif. Intell. XI Conf.Google Scholar
Simpson, R.L. (1985). A computer model of case-based reasoning in problem solving. An investigation in the domain of dispute mediation, Atlanta, GA.Google Scholar
Slade, S. (1991). Case-based reasoning: A research paradigm. AI Magazine 4255.Google Scholar
Smith, I.F.C., & Faltings, B.V. (1994). Spatial design of complex artefacts using cases. Proc. 10th Conf. AI for Applications, pp. 7076.Google Scholar
Smith, I., Lottaz, C., & Faltings, B. (1995). Spatial composition using cases: IDIOM. ICCBR '95, pp. 8897.Google Scholar
Smyth, B., & Keane, M. (1996). Adaptation-guided retrieval: Using adaptation knowledge to guide the retrieval of adaptable cases. In Progress in Case-Based Reasoning–UKCBR2 (Watson, I.D., Ed.), pp. 215. Salford University, Salford, UK.Google Scholar
Stallman, R., & Sussman, G. (1977). Forward reasoning and dependency-directed backtracing in a system for computer-aided circuit analysis. Arlif. Intell. 9, 135196.Google Scholar
Suh, N.P. (1990). Principles of design. Oxford University Press, UK.Google Scholar
Sycara, K. (1992). A case-based synthesis tool for engineering design. Int. J. Expert Systems 4 (2), 157188.Google Scholar
Sycara, K.P., & Navinchandra, D. (1989). Integrating case-based reasoning and qualitative reasoning in engineering design. In Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Design (Gero, J.S., Ed.). Computational Mechanics Publications, UK.Google Scholar
Sycara, K.P., & Navinchandra, D. (1992). Retrieval strategies in a case-based design system. In Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Design (Tong, C., & Sriram, D., Eds.), Vol. 2, pp. 145163. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Sycara, K.P., Navinchandra, D., Guttal, R., Koning, J., & Narasimhan, S. (1992). CADET: A case-based synthesis tool for engineering design. Int. J. Expert Systems 4 (2), 157188.Google Scholar
Tanaka, T., Hattori, M., & Sueda, N. (1992). Use of multiple cases in casebased design. Proc. IEEE Computer Soc., pp. 233239.Google Scholar
Tomivama, T., & Yoshikawa, H. (1987). Extended general design theory. Design Systems for CAD, North Holland.Google Scholar
Watson, I.D., & Abdullah, S. (1994). Developing case-based reasoning systems: A case study in diagnosing building defects. Proc. IEE Colloquium on Case-Based Reasoning: Prospects for Applications, pp. 1/11/3.Google Scholar
Watson, I.D., & Marir, F. (1994). Case-based reasoning: A review. Knowledge Eng. Rev. 9 (4), 327354.Google Scholar
Watson, I.E., & Perera, R.S. (1995). NIRMANI: A case-based expert system for integrated design & estimating. Proc. Expert Systems 95, pp. 335348.Google Scholar
Zhao, F., & Maher, M.L. (1988). Using analogical reasoning to design buildings. Eng. with Comput. 4 (3), 107119.Google Scholar
Zimring, C., Do, E., Domeshek, E., & Kolodner, J.L. (1995). Supporting case-study use in design education: A computational case-based design aid for architecture. Computing Civil Eng. 16351642.Google Scholar