Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T04:38:08.255Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘Writing to make ageing new’: Dutch poets' understandings of late-life creativity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2016

AAGJE SWINNEN*
Affiliation:
Centre for Gender and Diversity, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
*
Address for correspondence: Aagje Swinnen, Centre for Gender and Diversity and Department of Literature and Art, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Maastricht University, Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This article presents the results of a study that examines how older professional writers experience and understand creativity in later life. In psychological, humanities' and gerontological approaches to ageing and creativity, this question is still under-explored. The study's data-set consists of transcriptions of lengthy interviews conducted in spring 2015 with five Dutch poets over 65 who have achieved some eminence in the field. By means of interpretative phenomenological analysis, three superordinate and 12 subordinate themes came to the fore that offer an account of the ideas, thoughts and feelings characteristic of the way these writers perceive the later stages in their career. The first superordinate theme, Securing Sustainable Writing Practices, comprises the subordinate themes of maintaining continuity in writing approach; drawing on wealth of experience; emancipating from earlier literary conceptions; and reinventing oneself as artist throughout the years. The second superordinate theme, Negotiating the Literary Field, encompasses the following subordinate themes: challenges regarding finding or keeping a publisher in later life; developing self-acceptance and relativising literary awards; handling continuity of reception, or the way literary work is pigeonholed by critics; and staying visible in the literary scene. The third and final superordinate theme, Writing as Art of Living, refers to: not feeling old(er); writing as a practice of good living; writing as a way to recreate what is lost or unknown; and confronting cognitive decline. Together, these superordinate and subordinate themes diversify ideas of late-life creativity that are based on questionable generalising conceptualisations of the psychology of later life and artistic careers.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amigoni, D. and McMullan, G. 2015. ‘Late style’ and late-life creativity. In Twigg, J. and Martin, W. (eds), The Routledge Handbook of Cultural Gerontology. Routledge, London, 377–84.Google Scholar
Barthes, R. [1967] 1977. The death of the author. In Heath, S. (ed. and trans.), Image–Music–Text. Fontana, London, 142–8.Google Scholar
Boden, M. A. [1990] 2004. The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms. Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. [1992] 1995. The Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field (trans. S. Emanuel). Stanford University, Stanford.Google Scholar
Cohen, G. D. 2005. The Mature Mind: The Positive Power of the Aging Brain. Basic Books, New York.Google Scholar
Cohen, G. D. 2010. Creativity and aging: psychological growth, health, and wellbeing. In Cole, T. R., Ray, R. and Kastenbaum, R. (eds), A Guide to Humanistic Studies in Aging. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 182205.Google Scholar
Cohen, G. D., Perlstein, S., Chapeline, J., Kelly, J., Firth, K. M. and Simmens, S. 2007. The impact of professionally conducted cultural programs on the physical health, mental health, and social functioning of older adults: 2 year results. Journal of Aging Humanities, and the Arts, 1, 1/2, 522.Google Scholar
Cohen-Shalev, A. 2002. Both Worlds at Once: Art in Old Age. University Press of America, Lanham, Maryland.Google Scholar
Cultural Participation Fund 2013. Convenant Ouderen en Cultuur [Older People and Culture]. Available online at http://www.cultuurparticipatie.nl/data/Ondertekend-convenant-Ouderen-en-cultuur.pdf [Accessed 6 March 2016].Google Scholar
Donker, B. 2016. Iedereen krijgt betaald behalve de kunstenaar [Everyone gets paid except the artist]. NRC, 23 January. Available online at http://www.nrc.nl/handelsblad/2016/01/23/iedereen-krijgt-betaald-behalve-de-kunstenaar-1579679 [Accessed 26 January 2016].Google Scholar
Dorleijn, G. J. and van Rees, K. (eds) 2006. De productie van literatuur: Het literaire veld in Nederland 1800–2000 [The Production of Literature: The Literary Field in The Netherlands 1800–2000]. Vantilt, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Florida, R. 2002. The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It's Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life. Basic Books, New York.Google Scholar
George, D. R. and Houser, W. S. 2014. ‘I'm a storyteller!’ Exploring the benefits of TimeSlips creative expression program at a nursing home. American Journal for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 29, 8, 678–84.Google Scholar
Gullette, M. M. 1993. Creativity, aging, gender: a study of their intersections, 1910–1935. In Wyatt-Brown, A. M. and Rossen, J. (eds), Aging & Gender in Literature: Studies in Creativity. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 1948.Google Scholar
Hautz, O. 2015. Opening minds through art: students' constructions of people with dementia. In Swinnen, A. and Schweda, M. (eds), Popularizing Dementia: Public Expressions and Representations of Forgetfulness. Transcript, Bielefeld, Germany, 185204.Google Scholar
Hendricks, J. 1999. Creativity over the life course: a call for a relational perspective. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 48, 2, 85111.Google Scholar
Hutcheon, M. and Hutcheon, L. 2012. Late style(s): the ageism of the singular. Occasion: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities, 4. Available online at http://arcade.stanford.edu/occasion/late-styles-ageism-singular [Accessed 22 January 2016].Google Scholar
Kastenbaum, R. 1992. The creative process: a life-span approach. In Cole, T. R., Van Tassel, D. D. and Kastenbaum, R. (eds), Handbook of the Humanities and Aging. Springer, New York, 285306.Google Scholar
Kastenbaum, R. 2000. Creativity and the arts. In Cole, T. R., Kastenbaum, R. and Ray, R. E. (eds), Handbook of the Humanities and Aging. Second edition, Springer, New York, 381401.Google Scholar
Katz, S. and Campbell, E. 2005. Creativity across the life course? Titian, Michelangelo, and older artist narratives. In Katz, S. (ed.), Cultural Aging: Life Course, Lifestyle, and Senior Worlds. Broadview Press, Peterborough, Canada, 101–17.Google Scholar
Kouwenhoven, P. S. C., Raijmakers, N. J., van Delden, J. J. M., Rietgens, J. A. C., van Tol, D. G., van de Vathorst, S., de Graeff, N., Weyers, H. A. M., van der Heide, A. and van Thiel, G. J. M. W. 2015. Opinions about euthanasia and advanced dementia: a qualitative study among Dutch physicians and members of the general public. BMC Medical Ethics, 16, 7. Available online at https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6939-16-7 [Accessed 25 January 2016].Google Scholar
Lehman, H. 1953. Age and Achievement. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jesey.Google Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. 2003. Aging, Creativity, and Art: A Positive Perspective on Late-life Development. Kluwer, New York.Google Scholar
Lindauer, M. S., Orwoll, L. and Kelley, C. 1997. Aging artists on the creativity of their old age. Creativity Research Journal, 10, 2-3, 133–52.Google Scholar
Matarasso, F. 2012. Winter Fires: Art and Agency in Old Age. Baring Foundation, London.Google Scholar
Montgomery, A., Barber, C. and McKee, P. 2002. A phenomenological study of wisdom in later life. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 54, 2, 139–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Shea, E. and Ní Léime, A. 2012. The impact of the Bealtaine arts programme on the quality of life, wellbeing and social interaction of older people in Ireland. Ageing & Society, 32, 5, 851–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, F., Vivat, B. and Prior, S. 2011. Visual art-making as a resource for living positively with arthritis: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of older women's accounts. Journal of Aging Studies, 25, 3, 328–37.Google Scholar
Rodeheaver, D., Emmons, C. and Powers, K. 1998. Context and identity in women's late life creativity. In Adams-Price, C. E. (ed.), Creativity & Successful Aging: Theoretical and Empirical Approaches. Springer, New York, 195234.Google Scholar
Powell, L. J. and Gilbert, T. 2009. Phenomenologies of aging: critical reflections. In Powell, L. J. and Gilbert, T. (eds), Aging Identity: A Dialogue with Postmodernism? Nova Science, New York, 516.Google Scholar
Sadkowska, A. M., Wild, D. J. and Fischer, T. 2015. Third age men's experience of fashion and clothing: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Age, Culture, Humanities: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2. Available online at http://ageculturehumanities.org/WP/third-age-mens-experience-of-fashion-and-clothing-an-interpretative-phenomenological-analysis [Accessed 22 January 2016].Google Scholar
Saïd, E. 2006. On Late Style: Music and Literature Against the Grain. Vintage, New York.Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. 1988 a. Creativity, leadership, and chance. In Sternberg, J. R. (ed.), The Nature of Creativity: Contemporary Psychological Perspectives. Cambridge University Press, New York, 386426.Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. 1988 b. Age and outstanding achievement: what do we know after a century of research? Psychological Bulletin, 104, 2, 251–67.Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. 1994. Greatness: Who Makes History and Why. The Guilford Press, New York.Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. 1997. Genius and Creativity: Selected Papers. Ablex Publishing, Greenwich, Connecticut.Google Scholar
Smith, J. A., Flowers, P. and Larkin, L. 2009. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research. Sage, London.Google Scholar
Swinnen, A. 2012. Dementia in documentary film: Mum by Adelheid Roosen. The Gerontologist, 53, 1, 113–22.Google Scholar
The, A.-M. 2005. In de wachtkamer van de dood: Leven en sterven in een verkleurende samenleving [In the Waiting Room of Death: Life and Death in a Diversifying Society]. Thoeris, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Woodman, R. W. and Schoenfeldt, L. F. 1990. An interactionist model of creative behaviour. Journal of Creative Behavior, 24, 4, 279–91.Google Scholar
Woodward, K. 1980. At Last, the Real Distinguished Thing: The Late Poems of Eliot, Pound, Stevens, and Williams. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, Ohio.Google Scholar
Woodward, K. 1991. Aging and Its Discontents: Freud and Other Fictions. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.Google Scholar
Wyatt-Brown, A. M. 1993. Introduction: Aging, gender, and creativity. In Wyatt-Brown, A. M. and Rossen, J. (eds), Aging & Gender in Literature: Studies in Creativity. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 115.Google Scholar