Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T09:25:10.108Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Outdoor adventure and successful ageing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 April 2012

MIKE BOYES*
Affiliation:
School of Physical Education, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
*
Address for correspondence: Mike Boyes, School of Physical Education, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This article explores how outdoor adventure activities in a New Zealand community-based programme are experienced and understood as successful ageing strategies. Outdoor adventures are seen as positive leisure experiences that include challenging physical activity, social engagement and the natural environment. Using a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design, a combination of seven interviews and a survey (N=80) were conducted with a Third Age adventures group. The research outcomes confirmed the attraction of adventure for this cohort. Risk engagement and uncertainty were perceived as less important in favour of emotional, social and environmental engagement through fun, excitement and pleasure. The natural environment was considered integral and defining of the experience with the participants demonstrating a strong environmental ethos. Opportunities for building social capital were plentiful and well illustrated. The benefits of engagement for health, wellbeing and successful ageing are identified through the physical, social and psychological domains. The research supports adventure participation as a successful ageing strategy that is relatively low cost, community based, has many preventative health benefits, builds communities and embraces the environment.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alves, S. and Sugiyama, T. 2006. Inclusive design for getting outdoors: findings for other researchers. Available online at http://www.idgo.ac.uk/useful_resources/for_other_researchers.htm.Google Scholar
Araya, R., Dunstan, F., Playle, R., Thomas, H., Palmer, S. and Lewis, G. 2006. Perceptions of social capital and the built environment and mental health. Social Science and Medicine, 62, 12, 3072–83.Google Scholar
Beck, U. 1992. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. Sage, London.Google Scholar
Berns, G. N. and Simpson, S. 2009. Outdoor recreation participation and environmental concern: a research summary. Journal of Experiential Education, 32, 1, 7991.Google Scholar
Brymer, E., Downey, G. and Gray, T. 2009. Extreme sports as a precursor to environmental sustainability. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 14, 2/3, 193204.Google Scholar
Brymer, E. and Gray, T. 2009. Dancing with nature: rhythm and harmony in extreme sport participation. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 9, 2, 135–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cater, C. I. 2006. Playing with risk? Participant perceptions of risk and management implications in adventure tourism. Tourism Management, 27, 2, 317–25.Google Scholar
Chodzko-Zajko, W., Schwingel, A. and Park, C. H. 2009. Successful aging: the role of physical activity. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine January/February, 20–8.Google Scholar
Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. L., Gutmann, M. L. and Hanson, W. E. 2003. Advanced mixed methods research designs. In Tashakkori, A. and Teddlie, C. (eds), Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research. Sage, London, 209–40.Google Scholar
Csikszentmihalyi, M. 1975. Beyond Boredom and Anxiety. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Davey, J. and Glasglow, K. 2006. Positive ageing – a critical analysis. Policy Quarterly, 2, 4, 21–7.Google Scholar
de Vries, S., Verheij, R. A., Groenwegen, P. P. and Spreeuwenberg, P. 2003. Natural environments – healthy environments? An exploratory analysis of the relationship between greenspace and health. Environment and Planning A, 35, 10, 1717–31.Google Scholar
Depp, C. A. and Jeste, D. V. 2009. Definitions and predictors of successful aging: a comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies. Focus, 7, Winter, 137–50.Google Scholar
Ewert, A. 1989. Risk seeking, motivations, and fear in outdoor adventure pursuits. In Ewert, E. (ed.), Outdoor Adventure Pursuits: Foundations, Models and Theories. Publishing Horizons, Worthington, Ohio, 61102.Google Scholar
Fernandez-Ballesteros, R., Garcia, D., Abarca, D., Blanc, E., Efklides, A., Kornfeld, R., Lerma, A. J., Mendoza-Numez, V. M., Mendoza-Ruvalcaba, N. M., Orosa, T., Paul, C. and Patricia, S. 2008. Lay concept of aging well: cross-cultural comparisons. Journal of American Geriatrics Society 56, 5, 950–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernandez-Ballesteros, R. F., Garcia, L. F., Abarca, D., Blanc, E., Efklides, A., Moraitou, D., Kornfeld, R., Lerma, A. J., Mendoza-Numez, V. M., Mendoza-Ruvalcaba, N. M., Orosa, T., Paul, C. and Patricia, S. 2010. The concept of ‘ageing well’ in ten Latin American and European countries. Ageing & Society, 30, 1, 4156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grahn, P. and Stigdotter, U. A. 2003. Landscape planning and stress. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 2, 1, 118.Google Scholar
Hartig, T., Evans, G. W., Jamner, L. D., Davis, D. S. and Garling, T. 2003. Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 2, 109–23.Google Scholar
Hildon, Z., Montgomery, S. M., Blane, D., Wiggins, R. D. and Netuveli, G. 2009. Examining resilience of quality of life in the face of health-related and psychosocial adversity at older ages: what is ‘right’ about the way we age? The Gerontologist, 50, 1, 3647.Google Scholar
Hinds, J. and Sparks, P. 2008. Engaging with the natural environment: the role of affective connection and identity. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28, 2, 109–20.Google Scholar
Holyfield, L., Jonas, L. and Zajicek, A. 2005. Adventure without risk is like Disneyland. In Lyng, S. (eds), Edgework: The Sociology of Risk Taking. Routledge, London, 173–86.Google Scholar
Hood, B., Bruck, D. and Kennedy, G. 2004. Determinants of sleep quality in the healthy aged: the role of physical, psychological, circadian and naturalistic light variables. Age and Aging, 33, 2, 159–65.Google Scholar
Huberman, A. M. and Miles, M. B. 2002. The Qualitative Researcher's Companion. Sage, Thousand Oaks, California.Google Scholar
Hunter, D. J. 2010. Meeting the public health challenge in the age of austerity. Journal of Public Health, 32, 3, 309.Google Scholar
Kahn, R. L. and Rowe, J. W. 1987. Human aging: usual and successful. Science, 237, 4811, 143–56.Google Scholar
Kaplan, S. 1995. The restorative benefits of nature: towards an integrative framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15, 3, 169–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawachi, I. and Bergman, L. F. 2001. Social ties and mental health. Journal of Urban Health, 78, 3, 458–67.Google Scholar
Kweon, B. S., Sullivan, W. C. and Wiley, A. R. 1998. Green common spaces and the social integration of inner-city older adults. Environment and Behavior, 30, 6, 832–58.Google Scholar
Laslett, P. 1996. A Fresh Map of Life. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Loynes, C. 1995. Adventure in a bun. The Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership, 12, 3, 2.Google Scholar
Lyng, S. 2005. Edgework and the risk-taking experience. In Lyng, S. (ed.), Edgework: The Sociology of Risk-taking. Routledge, London, 314.Google Scholar
Marcus, C. C. and Barnes, M. 1999. Introduction: Historical and cultural perspective on healing gardens. In Marcus, C. C. and Barnes, M. (eds), Healing Gardens. Wiley, New York, 126.Google Scholar
Martin, P. and Priest, S. 1986. Understanding the adventure experience. Journal of Adventure Education, 3, 1, 1821.Google Scholar
Maslow, A. 1964. Religion, Values and Peak Experiences. Viking, New York.Google Scholar
McCormack, C., Cameron, P., Campbell, A. and Pollock, K. 2008. ‘I want to do more than just cut the sandwiches’: female baby boomers seek authentic leisure in retirement. Annals of Leisure Research, 11, 1/2, 145–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCulloch, A. 2003. An examination of social capital and social disorganisation in neighbourhoods in the British household panel study. Social Science and Medicine, 56, 7, 1425–38.Google Scholar
Milligan, C., Gatrell, A. and Bingley, A. 2004. Cultivating health: therapeutic landscapes and older people in northern England. Social Science and Medicine, 58, 9, 1781–93.Google Scholar
Mortlock, C. 1984. The Adventure Alternative. Cicerone Press, Milnthorpe, UK.Google Scholar
Patterson, I. and Pan, R. 2007. The motivations of baby boomers to participate in adventure tourism and the implications for adventure tour providers. Annals of Leisure Research, 10, 1, 2653.Google Scholar
Phelan, E. A., Anderson, L. A., LaCroix, A. Z. and Larson, E. B. 2004. Older adults’ views of ‘successful aging’ – how do they compare with researchers’ definitions? Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 52, 2, 211–6.Google Scholar
Simon, J. 2002. Taking risks: extreme sports and the embrace of risk in advanced liberal societies. In Baker, T. and Simon, J. (eds), Embracing Risk. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 177208.Google Scholar
Stranger, M. 1999. The aesthetics of risk. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 34, 3, 265–76.Google Scholar
Sugiyama, T., Ward Thompson, C. and Alves, S. 2009. Associations between neighbourhood open space attributes and quality of life for older people in Britain. Environment and Behavior, 41, 1, 321.Google Scholar
Takano, T., Nakamura, K. and Watanabe, M. 2002. Urban residential environments and senior citizens longevity in mega city areas. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 56, 12, 913–8.Google Scholar
Ulrich, R. S. 1999. Effects of gardens on health outcomes: theory and research. In Marcus, C. C. and Barnes, M. (eds), Healing Gardens. Wiley, New York, 2765.Google Scholar
Vagias, W., Morais, D. and Dziubek, D. 2005. The role of risk perception in a one-day wilderness whitewater rafting trip. Paper presented at the Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium, New York.Google Scholar
Vaillant, G. E. 2002. Aging Well: Surprising Guideposts to a Happier Life. Little, Brown and Co., Boston.Google Scholar
Varley, P. 2006. Confecting adventure and playing with meaning: the adventure commodification continuum. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 11, 2, 173–94.Google Scholar
Walle, A. H. 1997. Pursuing risk or insight. Annals of Tourism Research, 24, 2, 265–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallenius, M. 1999. Personal projects in everyday places: perceived supportiveness of the environment and psychological wellbeing. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 19, 2, 131–43.Google Scholar
Wanderer, J. J. 1987. Simmel's forms of experiencing: the adventure as symbolic work. Symbolic Interaction, 10, 1, 21–8.Google Scholar
Whitaker, E. D. 2005. The bicycle makes me smile: exercise, aging, and psychophysical well-being in older Italian cyclists. Medical Anthropology, 24, 1, 143.Google Scholar
Wood, L. and Giles-Corti, B. 2008. Is there a place for social capital in the psychology of health and place? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28, 2, 154–63.Google Scholar
Wood, L., Shannon, T., Bulsara, T., Pikora, T., McCormack, G. and Giles-Corti, B. 2008. The anatomy of the safe and social suburb: an exploratory study of urban form, social capital and residents’ perceptions of safety. Health and Place, 14, 1, 1531.Google Scholar
World Health Organisation 2002. Active ageing: a policy framework. Available online at http://www.who.int/ageing/publications/active/en/.Google Scholar
Ziersch, A. M., Baum, F. E., MacDougall, C. and Putland, C. 2005. Neighbourhood life and social capital: the implications for health. Social Science and Medicine, 60, 1, 7186.Google Scholar