Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T02:51:32.992Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Informal Caregivers of elderly people: an european review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2008

Gilbert Dooghe
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Europe is experiencing a rapid increase in the numbers and proportions of the very old, and the number of older adults with chronic or longstanding diseases and functional limitations is rising. Between 1980 and 2025, the population aged 80 years and over is projected to increase 2·15 times, from in million in 1980 to 23·7 million. As those aged 80 years and over have been the most rapidly growing age-group, it is evident that the prevalence of physical and mental disabilities is of concern. Many suffer from chronic conditions which compromise daily living, although a substantial group are in good health and with little disability.203 Nevertheless as the average age increases, more people need some form of assistance with the activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, eating, preparing meals and errands (ADL). Reaching the age of 80 years does not necessarily mean losing one's independence; nevertheless the risk increases with age.

Type
Review Article
Information
Ageing & Society , Volume 12 , Issue 3 , September 1992 , pp. 369 - 380
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

NOTES

1 United Nations Organisation (UNO) (1991). The Sex and Age Distributions of Population. (1990 Revision). Population Studies 122, UNO, New York.Google Scholar

2 Dooghe, G., Vanden, Boer L. and Vanderleyden, L. 1989. 80-Plussers: Een Vergeten Groep? Monografieén 1, Population and Family Studies Centre, Ministry of the Flemish Community, Brussels.Google Scholar

3 Harrison, T. B. and Feldman, J. J.Implications of health status in analysis of risk in older persons. Journal of Aging and Health, 3 (2), 262–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

4 Cantor, M. H. 1989. Social care: family and community support systems. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 503, 99–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

5 Dane Age Foundation. 1991. New Horizons: New Elderly, Dane Age Foundation, Copenhagen.Google Scholar

6 Schrauben, L. 1991. Interventions strategies: support services for family caregivers. In Young, R. F. and Olson, E. A. (eds), Health, Illness and Disability in Later Life: Practice Issues and Intervention. Sage, London, pp. 143–158.Google Scholar

7 Shanas, E. 1979. The family as a social support system in old age. The Gerontologist, 1, 169–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

8 Blieszner, R. and Allen, J. M. 1990. Family caregiving for the elderly: an overview of resources. Family Relations, 39 (1), 97–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

9 Dooghe, G. 1991. The Ageing of the Population in Europe. Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Elderly Population. Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.Google Scholar

10 Walker, A. 1991. The relationship between the family and the state in the care of older people. Canadian Journal on Ageing, 10 (2), 94–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

11 Brody, E. M. 1985. Parent care as a normative family stress. The Gerontologist, 25, 19–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

12 Soldo, B.J., Agree, E. M. and Wolf, D. A. 1989. The balance between formal and informal care. In Ory, M. G. and Bond, K. (eds), Aging and Health Care: Social Science and Policy Perspectives. Contemporary Issues in Health, Medicine and Social Policy. Routledge, New York, pp. 193–216.Google Scholar

13 Victor, C. R. 1991. Health and Health Care in Later Life, Open University Press, Milton Keynes.Google Scholar

14 Zuckerman, C., Neveloff, Dubler N. and Collopy, B. 1990. Home Health Care Options: A Guide For Older Persons and Concerned Families. Insight Books, New York.Google Scholar

15 Dooghe, G., Vanden, Boer L. and Vanderleyden, L. 1988. De Leefsituatie van bejaarden, Monografie 1, Population and Family Studies Centre, Brussels.Google Scholar

16 O'Connor, J., Smith, E. and Whelan, B. 1988. Caringfor the Elderly, Part I, A Study of Carers at Home and in the Community, National Council for the Aged, Dublin.Google Scholar

17 Levin, E., Sinclair, I. and Gorbach, P. 1986. Families, Services and Confusion in Old Age, Allen and Unwin, London.Google Scholar

18 Green, H. 1988. Informal Carers, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Google Scholar

19 Stone, R., Cafferata, G. L. and Sangl, J. 1987. Caregivers of the frail elderly: a national profile. The Gerontologist, 27 (5), 66–626.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

20 Hedebouw, G. and Winters, S. 1988. Ondersteuning van de Draagkracht van de Mantelzorg Bij Bejaarden, Hoger Instituut voor de Arbeid, Rapport, Leuven.Google Scholar

21 Commission of the European Communities. 1990. Services for the Elderly in Europe, A Cross-National Comparative Study, CEC, Brussels.Google Scholar

22 Waldorp, J. 1989. Who are the caregivers? American Demographics, 11 (9).Google Scholar

23 Biegel, D. E., Sales, E. and Schulz, R. 1991. Family Caregiving in Chronic Illness, Sage, London.Google Scholar

24 Wenger, G. C. 1990. Elderly carers: the need for appropriate intervention, Ageing and Society, 10 (2), 197–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

25 International Social Security Association. 1990. The Social Protection of the Frail Elderly, Studies and Research No. 28, ISSA, Geneva.Google Scholar

26 The Travellers' Companies. 1988. Employee Care-Giving Survey. The Travellers' Companies, London.Google Scholar

27 O'Shea, E. 1991, Social and Economic Policies and Older People: National Report Ireland. Dublin.Google Scholar

28 Jones, D. and Vetter, N. J. 1984. A survey of those who care for the elderly at home: their problems and needs. Social Science and Medicine, 59 (5), 11–14.Google Scholar

29 Arber, S. and Ginn, J. 1990. The meaning of informal care: gender and the contribution of elderly people, Ageing and Society, 50 (4), 429–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

30 Doty, P. 1986. Family care of the elderly: the role of public policy. The Milbank Qyarterly, 64, 34–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

31 Vanderleyden, L. and Dooghe, G. 1984. Het Relatie- en Hulpverleningspatroon tussen Bejaarden en Kinderen, Rapport 64, Population and Family Studies Centre, Brussels.Google Scholar

32 Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek 1979. Leefssituate (De) van de Jfederlandse Bevolking van 55 Jaar en Ouder in 1976, Deel I, Kerncijfers, The Hague.Google Scholar

33 Council of Europe. 1983. Le Rôle des Personnes Agles dane la Famille dane la Perspective de la Santé des Années 80, XVIII Conference des Ministres Européens Chargés des Affaires Familiales à Copenhagen. Council of Europe, Strasbourg.Google Scholar

34 Crystal, S. 1982. America's Old Age Crisis: Public Policy and the Two Worlds of Aging. Basic Books, New York.Google Scholar

35 Bass, Deborah S. 1990. Caring Families: Supports and Interventions. National Association of Social Work, Silver Spring, Maryland.Google Scholar

36 Sterneck, J. G. 1990. Family caregiving: what price love? Journal of Long-Term Care Administration, 28 (2), 16–21.Google Scholar

37 Cicirelli, V. G. 1983. A comparison of helping behavior to elderly parents of adult children with intact and disrupted marriages. Gerontologist, 23, 619–625.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

38 Scharlach, A. E. 1987. Role strain in mother-daughter relationships in later life. The Gerontologist, 27 (5), 627–638.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

39 Scharlach, A. E. and Boyd, S. L. 1989. Caregiving and employment: results of an employee survey. The Gerontologist, 29 (5), 382–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

40 George, L. K. and Gwyther, L. P. 1986. Caregiver well-being: a multidimensional examination of family caregivers of demented adults. The Gerontologist, 26, 253–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

41 Snyder, K. and Keefe, K. 1985. The unmet needs of family caregivers for frail and disabled adults. Social Work in Health Care, 10, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

42 Hirshorn, B. 1991. Family caregiving as an intergenerational transfer. Young, R. F. and Olson, E. A. (eds), Health, Illness and Disability in Later Life: Practice issues and interventions. Sage, London.Google Scholar

43 Horowitz, A. 1982. The Impact of Caregiving on Children of the Frail Elderly. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Orthopsychiatric Association, San Francisco.Google Scholar

44 Nijkamp, P., Pacolet, J., Spinnewyn, H., Vollering, A., Wilderom, C. and Winters, S. 1991. Proceedings of a Seminar on National Diversity and European Trends in Services for the Elderly, Leuven.Google Scholar

45 Dooghe, G., Vanden, Boer L. and Vanderleyden, L. 1990. De Rusthuizen in Vlaanderen, Centre for Population and Family Studies, Brussels.Google Scholar

46 Butler, L. H. and Newacheck, P. W. 1981. Health and social factors relevant to long-term care policy. In Meltzer, J., Farrow, F. and Richman, H. (eds), Policy Options in Long-term Care, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar

47 Brink, S. 1990. International policy trends in housing the elderly in developed countries. Ageing International, 17 (2), 13–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

48 Family Policy Studies Centre. 1989. Family Policy Bulletin 6, Family Policy Studies Centre, London.Google Scholar

49 Kraan, R. J. 1990. Care for the Elderly: Significant Innovations in Three European Countries. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.Google Scholar