Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T02:53:21.223Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Understanding the neighbourhood environment and the health and wellbeing of older Chinese immigrants: a systematic literature review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2019

Siyao Gao Open the ORCID record for Siyao Gao [Opens in a new window] ,
Karine Dupre  and
Caryl Bosman
Siyao Gao*
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Karine Dupre
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Caryl Bosman
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Neighbourhood environment has a significant impact on the health and wellbeing of older people. In recent years, the increase in older Chinese immigrants globally has attracted a growing amount of research which has investigated the health and wellbeing of these elderly residents. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic literature review of empirical findings on the health and wellbeing of older Chinese immigrants and the ways in which the neighbourhood environment impacts them. A systematic search was conducted using online databases where 52 articles met specific criteria and were subsequently reviewed critically. An inductive approach was undertaken to analyse the data extracted from the selected articles. The review was categorised according to the following themes: neighbourhood social environment, neighbourhood physical environment and place attachment. The findings show that the majority of research has investigated the health status of older immigrants, and in particular, the impacts related to the social environments in which they live. The literature review indicated that there is scope for future studies to investigate the impact of the physical neighbourhood environment on this group of people.

Keywords

neighbourhood environmenthealth and wellbeingolder Chinese immigrants
Type
Review Article
Information
Ageing & Society , Volume 41 , Issue 4 , April 2021 , pp. 815 - 835
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbott, MW, Wong, S, Giles, LC, Wong, S, Young, W and Au, M (2003) Depression in older Chinese migrants to Auckland. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 4, 445–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alidoust, S, Bosman, C, Holden, G, Shearer, H and Shutter, L (2017) The spatial dimensions of neighbourhood: how older people define it. Journal of Urban Design 22, 547–567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aroian, KJ, Wu, B and Tran, TV (2005) Health care and social service use among Chinese immigrant elders. Research in Nursing & Health 28, 95–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2018) Older Australia at a Glance. Diverse Group of Older Australians. Available at https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/older-people/older-australia-at-a-glance/contents/diverse-groups-of-older-australians/culturally-linguistically-diverse-people.Google Scholar
Ball, MS (2012) Livable Communities for Aging Populations: Urban Design for Longevity. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Barnett, DW, Barnett, A, Nathan, A, Van Cauwenberg, J and Cerin, E (2017) Built environmental correlates of older adults’ total physical activity and walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 14, 103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bird, S, Kurowski, W, Feldman, S, Browning, C, Lau, R, Radermacher, H, Thomas, S and Sims, J (2009) The influence of the built environment and other factors on the physical activity of older women from different ethnic communities. Journal of Women & Aging 21, 33–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bloom, B and Black, LI (2016) Health of non-Hispanic Asian Adults: United States, 2010–2014 (NCHS Data Brief No. 247). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.Google ScholarPubMed
Buffel, T, Verté, D, De Donder, L, De Witte, N, Dury, S, Vanwing, T and Bolsenbroek, A (2012) Theorising the relationship between older people and their immediate social living environment. International Journal of Lifelong Education 31, 13–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castree, N, Kitchin, R and Rogers, A (2013) A Dictionary of Human Geography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cattan, M, White, M, Bond, J and Learmouth, A (2005) Preventing social isolation and loneliness among older people: a systematic review of health promotion interventions. Ageing & Society 25, 41–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cerin, E, Nathan, A, van Cauwenberg, J, Barnett, DW and Barnett, A (2017) The neighbourhood physical environment and active travel in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 14, 15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chau, RCM and Yu, SWK (2010) The sensitivity of United Kingdom health-care services to the diverse needs of Chinese-origin older people. Ageing & Society 3, 383–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chau, SBY and Lai, DWL (2011) The size of an ethno-cultural community as a social determinant of health for Chinese seniors. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 13, 1090–1098.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, YLD (1996) Conformity with nature: a theory of Chinese American elders’ health promotion and illness prevention processes. Advances in Nursing Science 19, 17–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chiang, CY and Sun, FK (2009) The effects of a walking program on older Chinese American immigrants with hypertension: a pretest and posttest quasi-experimental design. Public Health Nursing 26, 240–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chiu, M, Austin, PC, Manuel, DG and Tu, JV (2010) Comparison of cardiovascular risk profiles among ethnic groups using population health surveys between 1996 and 2007. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal/Journal de L'Association Medicale Canadienne 182, 301–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chow, H (2010) Growing old in Canada: physical and psychological well-being among elderly Chinese immigrants. Ethnicity and Health 15, 61–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chow, H (2012) Health care service needs and correlates of quality of life: a case study of elderly Chinese immigrants in Canada. Social Indicators Research 106, 347–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chun, KM, Chesla, CA and Kwan, CML (2011) ‘So we adapt step by step’: acculturation experiences affecting diabetes management and perceived health for Chinese American immigrants. Social Science & Medicine 72, 256–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunningham, GO and Michael, YL (2004) Concepts guiding the study of the impact of the built environment on physical activity for older adults: a review of the literature. American Journal of Health Promotion 18, 435–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutchin, MP (2007) The need for the ‘new health geography’ in epidemiologic studies of environment and health. Health & Place 13, 725–742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Da, WW and Garcia, A (2015) Later life migration: sociocultural adaptation and changes in quality of life at settlement among recent older Chinese immigrants in Canada. Activities, Adaptation & Aging 39, 214–242.Google Scholar
Davison, KK and Lawson, CT (2006) Do attributes in the physical environment influence children's physical activity? A review of the literature. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 3, 19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diwan, S (2008) Limited English proficiency, social network characteristics, and depressive symptoms among older immigrants. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 63B, 184–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, X and Chang, ES (2017) Social networks among the older Chinese population in the USA: findings from the PINE study. Gerontology 63, 238–252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dong, X, Chang, ES, Wong, E and Simon, M (2012 a) Perception and negative effect of loneliness in a Chicago Chinese population of older adults. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 54, 151–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, X, Chang, ES, Wong, E and Simon, M (2012 b) A qualitative study of filial piety among community dwelling, Chinese, older adults: changing meaning and impact on health and well-being. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships 10, 131–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, X, Chen, R, Li, C and Simon, MA (2014) Understanding depressive symptoms among community-dwelling Chinese older adults in the Greater Chicago area. Journal of Aging and Health 26, 1155–1171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flowerdew, R, Manley, DJ and Sabel, CE (2008) Neighbourhood effects on health: does it matter where you draw the boundaries? Social Science & Medicine 66, 1241–1255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hei, A and Dong, X (2017) Association between neighborhood cohesion and self-neglect in Chinese-American older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 65, 2720–2726.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
International Organization for Migration (2018) World Migration Report. Available at https://www.iom.int/wmr/world-migration-report-2018.Google Scholar
Ip, D, Lui, CW and Chui, WH (2007) Veiled entrapment: a study of social isolation of older Chinese migrants in Brisbane, Queensland. Ageing & Society 27, 719–738.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jin, K, Neubeck, L, Gullick, J, Koo, F and Ding, D (2017) Marked differences in cardiovascular risk profiles in middle-aged and older Chinese residents: evidence from a large Australian cohort. International Journal of Cardiology 227, 347–354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Julien, D, Richard, L, Gauvin, L and Kestens, Y (2012) Neighborhood characteristics and depressive mood among older adults: an integrative review. International Psychogeriatrics 24, 1207–1225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kamler, B (2008) Rethinking doctoral publication practices: writing from and beyond the thesis. Studies in Higher Education 33, 283–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kang, SY, Boyas, J and Salehin, M (2012) Correlates of depression among Chinese immigrant elders in Arizona: the role of acculturative stress and social support. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 22, 334–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, BJ, Jun, H, Lee, J, Linton, K, Kim, M and Browne, C (2017) Subjective well-being in older Chinese and Korean immigrants in the United States: effects of self-rated health and employment status. Social Work in Public Health 32, 510–520.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, BJ, Linton, KF and Lum, W (2015) Social capital and life satisfaction among Chinese and Korean elderly immigrants. Journal of Social Work 15, 87–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koo, FK (2011) A case study on the perception of aging and participation in physical activities of older Chinese immigrants in Australia. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 19, 388–417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kwon, SC, Wyatt, LC, Kranick, JA, Islam, NS, Devia, C, Horowitz, C and Trinh-Shevrin, C (2015) Physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and health-related quality of life among older Chinese, Hispanics, and Blacks in New York City. American Journal of Public Health 105, S544–S552.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lai, DWL (2004) Impact of Culture on depressive symptoms of elderly Chinese immigrants. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 49, 820–827.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lai, DWL and Chappell, N (2006) Use of traditional Chinese medicine by older Chinese immigrants in Canada. Family Practice 24, 56–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lai, DWL and Chau, SBY (2007 a) Predictors of health service barriers for older Chinese immigrants in Canada. Health & Social Work 32, 57–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lai, DWL and Chau, SBY (2007 b) Effects of service barriers on health status of older Chinese immigrants in Canada. Social Work 52, 261–269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lai, DWL and Surood, S (2013) Effect of service barriers on health status of aging South Asian immigrants in Calgary, Canada. Health & Social Work 38, 41–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lai, DWL, Tsang, KT, Chappel, N, Lai, DCY and Chau, SBY (2007) Relationships between culture and health status: a multi-site study of the older Chinese in Canada. Canadian Journal on Aging/Revue Canadienne du Vieillissement 26, 171–183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lan, PC (2002) Subcontracting filial piety: elder care in ethnic Chinese immigrant families in California. Journal of Family Issue 23, 812–835.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, EKO (2007) Religion and spirituality as predictors of well-being among Chinese American and Korean American older adults. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging 19, 77–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leung, C (2002) Factors related to the mental health of elderly Chinese immigrants in Australia. Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, 48–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, WW, Hodgetts, D and Ho, E (2010) Gardens, transitions and identity reconstruction among older Chinese immigrants to New Zealand. Journal of Health Psychology 15, 786–796.Google Scholar
Li, WW, Hodgetts, D and Sonn, C (2014) Multiple senses of community among older Chinese migrants to New Zealand. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 24, 26–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, SM, Liu, JL and Jang, YR (2014) The role of psychosocial and cultural factors as correlates of depressive symptoms in Chinese-American older adults. Clinical Gerontologist 37, 108–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, X, Bryant, C, Boldero, J and Dow, B (2016) Psychological well-being of older Chinese immigrants living in Australia: a comparison with older Caucasians. International Psychogeriatrics 28, 1671–1679.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, X, Bryant, C, Boldero, J and Dow, B (2017) Older people's relationships with their adult children in multicultural Australia: a comparison of Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants. Ageing & Society 37, 2103–2127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, ZM, Beaver, K and Speed, S (2014) Being healthy: a Grounded Theory study of help seeking behaviour among Chinese elders living in the UK. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 9, 9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, ZM, Speed, S and Beaver, K (2015) Perceptions and attitudes towards exercise among Chinese elders – the implications of culturally based self-management strategies for effective health-related help seeking and person-centred care. Health Expectations 18, 262–272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lo, M and Russell, C (2007) Family care: an exploratory study of experience and expectations among older Chinese immigrants in Australia. Contemporary Nurse: A Journal for the Australian Nursing Profession 25, 31–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loo, BPY, Lam, WWY, Mahendran, R and Katagiri, K (2017) How is the neighborhood environment related to the health of seniors living in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Tokyo? Some insights for promoting aging in place. Annals of the American Association of Geographers 107, 812–828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luo, H (2016) Strengthening social capital through residential environment development for older Chinese in a Canadian context. Journal of Gerontological Social Work 59, 16–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luo, H and Menec, V (2018) Social capital and health among older Chinese immigrants: a cross-sectional analysis of a sample in a Canadian prairie city. Journal of Cross-cultural Gerontology 33, 65–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mariño, R, Morgan, M, Kiyak, A, Schwarz, E and Naqvi, S (2012) Oral health in a convenience sample of Chinese older adults living in Melbourne, Australia. International Journal of Public Health 57, 383–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathis, A, Rooks, R and Kruger, D (2015) Improving the neighborhood environment for urban older adults: social context and self-rated health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, 3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNeill, LH, Kreuter, MW and Subramanian, S (2006) Social environment and physical activity: a review of concepts and evidence. Social Science & Medicine 63, 1011–1022.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Migration Policy Institute (2018) The Top Sending Countries of Immigrants in Australia, Canada, and the United States. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.Google Scholar
Miltiades, HB and Wu, B (2008) Factors affecting physician visits in Chinese and Chinese immigrant samples. Social Science & Medicine 66, 704–714.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mui, AC, Kang, SY, Kang, D and Domanski, MD (2007) English language proficiency and health-related quality of life among Chinese and Korean immigrant elders. Health & Social Work 2, 119–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pang, EC, Jordan-Marsh, M, Silverstein, M and Cody, M (2003) Health-seeking behaviors of elderly Chinese Americans: shifts in expectations. The Gerontologist 43, 864–874.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parikh, NS, Fahs, MC, Shelley, D and Yerneni, R (2009) Health behaviors of older Chinese adults living in New York city. Journal of Community Health 34, 6–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Park, NS, Jang, Y, Lee, BS, Ko, JE, Haley, WE and Chiriboga, DA (2015) An empirical typology of social networks and its association with physical and mental health: a study with older Korean immigrants. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 70B, 67–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parra, DC, Gomez, LF, Sarmiento, OL, Buchner, D, Brownson, R, Schimd, T, Gomez, V and Lobelo, F (2010) Perceived and objective neighborhood environment attributes and health related quality of life among the elderly in Bogotá, Colombia. Social Science & Medicine 70, 1070–1076.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pei-Chia, L (2002) Subcontracting filial piety: elder care in ethnic Chinese immigrant families in California. Journal of Family Issues 23, 812–835.Google Scholar
Petticrew, M and Robert, H (2006) Systematic Reviews in the Social Sciences: Practical Guide. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pickering, C, Grignon, J, Steven, R, Guitart, D and Byrne, J (2015) Publishing not perishing: how research students transition from novice to knowledgeable using systematic quantitative literature reviews. Studies in Higher Education 40, 1756–1769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, L, Sales, R, Tilki, M and Siara, B (2009) Family strategies and transnational migration: recent Polish migrants in London. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 35, 61–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sawchuk, CN, Russo, JE, Bogart, A, Charles, S, Goldberg, J, Roy-Byrne, P, Buckwald, D and Forquera, R (2011) Barriers and facilitators to walking and physical activity among American Indian elders. Preventing Chronic Disease 8, A63.Google ScholarPubMed
Selvarajah, C (2004) Expatriation experiences of Chinese immigrants in New Zealand: factors contributing to adjustment of older immigrants. Management Research News 27, 26–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, RJ, Čukić, I, Deary, IJ, Gale, CR, Chastin, SF, Dall, PM, Dontje, ML, Skelton, DA, Macdonald, L and Der, G (2017) The influence of neighbourhoods and the social environment on sedentary behaviour in older adults in three prospective cohorts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, 557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soma, Y, Tsunoda, K, Kitano, N, Jindo, T, Tsuji, T, Saghazadeh, M and Okura, T (2017) Relationship between built environment attributes and physical function in Japanese community-dwelling older adults. Geriatrics & Gerontology International 17, 382–390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tan, J, Ward, L and Ziaian, T (2010) Experiences of Chinese immigrants and Anglo-Australians ageing in Australia: a cross-cultural perspective on successful ageing. Journal of Health Psychology 15, 697–706.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tieu, Y and Konnert, C (2014) Mental health help-seeking attitudes, utilization, and intentions among older Chinese immigrants in Canada. Aging and Mental Health 18, 140–147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tieu, Y and Konnert, C (2015) Measuring acculturation and enculturation among Chinese Canadian older adults. Canadian Journal on Aging 34, 36–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Timmermans, EJ, Schaap, LA, Visser, M, van der Ploeg, HP, Wagtendonk, AJ, van der Pas, S and Deeg, DJ (2016) The association of the neighbourhood built environment with objectively measured physical activity in older adults with and without lower limb osteoarthritis. BMC Public Health 16, 710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tiraphat, S, Peltzer, K, Thamma-Aphiphol, K and Suthisukon, K (2017) The role of age-friendly environments on quality of life among Thai older adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, 282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsang, EYL, Liamputtong, P and Pierson, J (2004) The views of older Chinese people in Melbourne about their quality of life. Ageing & Society 24, 51–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsoh, JY, Sentell, T, Gildengorin, G, Le, GM, Chan, E, Fung, LC, Pasick, RJ, Stewart, S, Wong, C, Woo, K, Burke, A, Wang, J, Mcphee, SJ and Nguyen, TT (2016) Healthcare communication barriers and self-rated health in older Chinese American immigrants. Journal of Community Health 41, 741–752.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tuckett, AG, Banchoff, AW, Winter, SJ and King, AC (2018) The built environment and older adults: a literature review and an applied approach to engaging older adults in built environment improvements for health. International Journal of Older People Nursing 13, 12171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
United Nations (2017) International Migration Report 2017: Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/404). New York, NY: United Nations.Google Scholar
Van Cauwenberg, J, De Bourdeaudhuij, I, De Meester, F, Van Dyck, D, Salmon, J, Clarys, P and Deforche, B (2011) Relationship between the physical environment and physical activity in older adults: a systematic review. Health & Place 17, 458–469.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Cauwenberg, J, De Donder, L, Clarys, P, De Bourdeaudhuij, I, Buffel, T, De Witte, N, Dury, S, Verte, D and Deforche, B (2014) Relationships between the perceived neighborhood social environment and walking for transportation among older adults. Social Science & Medicine 104, 23–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, L and Lo, L (2007) Immigrant grocery-shopping behavior: ethnic identity versus accessibility. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, 684–699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiles, JL, Allen, RES, Palmer, AJ, Hayman, KJ, Keeling, S and Kerse, N (2009) Older people and their social spaces: a study of well-being and attachment to place in Aotearoa New Zealand. Social Science & Medicine 68, 664–671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Won, J, Lee, C, Forjuoh, SN and Ory, MG (2016) Neighborhood safety factors associated with older adults’ health-related outcomes: a systematic literature review. Social Science & Medicine 165, 177–186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wong, ST, Yoo, GJ and Stewart, AL (2005) Examining the types of social support and the actual sources of support in older Chinese and Korean immigrants. International Journal of Aging & Human Development 61, 105–121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wong, ST, Yoo, GJ and Stewart, AL (2006) The changing meaning of family support among older Chinese and Korean immigrants. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 61B, S4–S9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, ST, Yoo, GJ and Stewart, AL (2007) An empirical evaluation of social support and psychological well-being in older Chinese and Korean immigrants. Ethnicity and Health 12, 43–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (2007) Global Age-friendly Cities: A Guide. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Wu, B, Guo, M, Chi, I and Plassman, BL (2011) Social network and health: a comparison of Chinese older adults in Shanghai and elderly immigrants in Boston. International Journal of Social Welfare 20, 59–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wyatt, LC, Trinh-Shevrin, C, Islam, NS and Kwon, SC (2014) Health-related quality of life and health behaviors in a population-based sample of older, foreign-born, Chinese American adults living in New York City. Health Education & Behavior 41, 98S–107S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, AF, Russell, A and Powers, JR (2004) The sense of belonging to a neighbourhood: can it be measured and is it related to health and well being in older women? Social Science & Medicine 59, 2627–2637.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhan, HJ, Wang, Q, Fawcett, Z, Li, X and Fan, X (2017) Finding a sense of home across the Pacific in old age – Chinese American senior's report of life satisfaction in a foreign land. Journal of Cross-cultural Gerontology 32, 31–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar