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Gambia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2014

Abstract:

Over the past fifteen years, the practice of Islam in the Gambia has undergone a perceptible change, from a tolerant and accommodating type of Qaddriyya-inspired Islam to a more radical form. This transformation has coincided with the rulership of President Yahya Jammeh, a master of manipulation of Islamic symbols. Breaking with his predecessor Sir Dawda Jawara, Jammeh has frequently blurred the line between mosque and state to reinforce his political advantage. Examples include building a mosque on state grounds and cultivating particular imams. At the same time, Jammeh has not hesitated to break with his local Wahhabi allies when he has judged it expedient to do so. Thus, in the wake of severe economic deterioration and a resulting rapprochement with the United States, the Jammeh regime has challenged the nation's prime Wahhabi leader over girls' wearing of headscarves to school. Gambia's recent experience illustrates the reciprocal relationship between religion and politics, and politicians' use of Islam for personal gain.

Résumé:

Résumé:

Depuis les quinze dernières années, on remarque un changement notable dans la pratique de l'Islam en Gambie, évoluant d'une forme tolérante et accommodante de l'Islam inspirée par la Qaddriyya vers une pratique plus radicale. Cette transformation a coïncidé avec la venue au pouvoir du Président Yahya Jammeh, manipulateur chevronné des symboles islamistes. M. Jammeh, se démarquant de son prédécesseur, Dawda Jawara, a souvent brouillé la ligne séparant la mosquée et l'état pour renforcer sa position sur la scène politique. On peut citer notamment la construction d'une mosquée sur un terrain appartenant à l'état et la fréquentation de certains imams particuliers. Par contre, M. Jammen n'a pas hésité à rompre ses alliances avec les personnalités locales adeptes du Wahhabisme. Ainsi, à la suite de la détérioration dramatique de l'économie et du rapprochement qu'elle a entraîné avec les États-Unis, le régime de M. Jammeh a lancé un défi au leader national du mouvement Wahhabi au sujet des foulards portés par les filles dans les écoles. L'expérience récente de la Gambie illustre la réciprocité des relations entre le monde politique et religieux et la manière dont les politiques utilisent la religion musulmane à des fins personnelles.

Type
ASR Focus: Islamism in West Africa
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 2004

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References

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