Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T17:38:11.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The ASA at 60: Advocacy in an Age of Tyranny

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 August 2018

Abstract:

Although the sixtieth anniversary of the ASA’s founding offers an occasion to celebrate the association’s accomplishments, it also coincides with a historical moment of resurgent authoritarianism, growing intolerance, and renascent nativism. Democratic institutions in the United States and abroad are under attack; bigotry, injustice, and incivility have become re-energized. This article reflects on the discourses, spaces, and technologies employed by Africans to contest the multiple expressions of political exclusion on the continent over the last sixty years. It finds inspiration and lessons that might guide us as we develop our own forms of political advocacy in this illiberal age.

Résumé:

Même si le soixantième anniversaire de la Fondation de l’ASA offre une occasion de célébrer les réalisations de l’association, elle coïncide également avec un moment historique ou l’autoritarisme et le nativisme ont resurgit accompagnés d’une intolérance croissante. Les institutions démocratiques aux États-Unis et à l’étranger sont attaquées ; la bigoterie, l’injustice et l’incivilité sont redynamisées. Cet article se penche sur les discours, les espaces et les technologies employées par les Africains pour contester les expressions multiples de l’exclusion politique sur le continent au cours des soixante dernières années. Cette étude offre inspiration et des leçons qui pourraient nous guider alors que nous développons nos propres formes d’action politique dans cette ère d’intolérance.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Editor’s Note: This article is a revised version of the Presidential Address given at the Sixtieth Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, November 2017, Chicago, Illinois.

References

Adomako Ampofo, Akosua. 2016. “Re-viewing Studies on Africa, #Black Lives Matter, and Envisioning the Future of African Studies.” African Studies Review 59 (2): 729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
African Art Centre. 2017. “Traditional Zulu Baskets.” Website. https://afriart.org.za/portfolio/traditional-zulu-baskets/. Accessed September 12, 2017.Google Scholar
African Union. nd. “In the Matter of Beneficiaries of Late Norbert Zongo, Abdoulaye Nikiema Alias Ablassé, Ernest Zongo and Blaise Ilboudo and the Burkinabé and Peoples’ Rights Movement v. Burkina Faso,” Application No. 013/2011. Judgment. African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights. http://en.african-court.org/images/Cases/Judgment/Nobert Zongo Judgment- English.pdf. Accessed January 2, 2018.Google Scholar
Aina, Tade Akin. 2010. “Beyond Reforms: The Politics of Higher Education Transformation in Africa.” African Studies Review 53 (1): 2140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allman, Jean, ed. 2004. Fashioning Africa: Power and the Politics of Dress. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
American Association of University Women (AAUW). 2016. Barriers and Bias: The Status of Women in Leadership. Washington, DC: AAUW.Google Scholar
American Council on Education. 2017. American College President Study 2017. http://www.aceacps.org/?source=secondary. Accessed January 2, 2018.Google Scholar
Berger, Iris, Redeker Hepner, Tricia, Lawrance, Benjamin N., Tague, Joanna T. and Terreta, Meredith, eds. 2015. African Asylum at a Crossroads: Activism, Expert Testimony, and Refugee Rights. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Besong, Bate. 1998. “Their Champagne Party Will End.” In Just Above Cameroon: Selected Poems (1980–1994). Np: Bate Besong, pp. 2223.Google Scholar
Blake, Aaron, Scott, Eugene, and Borchers, Callum. 2017. “Trump’s puzzling speech to African leaders, annotated.” The Washington Post. September 20. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/09/20/trumps-puzzling-speech-to-african-leaders-annotated/?utm_term=.7f81133c0a2a. Accessed December 30, 2017.Google Scholar
Branch, Adam, and Mampilly, Zachariah. 2015. Africa Uprising: Popular Protest and Political Change. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Brody, Reed. 2017. “Victims bring a dictator to justice: The case of Hissène Habré.” Updated edition after the April 2017 Version. Analysis 70 (June). https://www.brot-fuer-die-welt.de/fileadmin/mediapool/2_Downloads/Fachinformationen/Analyse/Analysis70-The_Habre_Case.pdf. Accessed 5/10/2018.Google Scholar
Butler Beat. 2014. Interview Segment with Sean Jacobs. April 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5sTB0FkCHU&. Accessed May 13, 2018.Google Scholar
Carter, Gwendolen. 1983. “The Founding of the African Studies Association.” African Studies Review 26 (3–4): 59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of Homeland Security. 2017. “Approximate Active DACA Recipients: Country of Birth.” US Citizenship and Immigration Services. Website. September 4. https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Resources/ReportsandStudies/ImmigrationFormsData/AllFormTypes/DACA/daca_population_data.pdf. Accessed November 3, 2017.Google Scholar
Department of Justice, 2017. “Attorney General Sessions Delivers Remarks on DACA.” Justice News. US Department of Justice. Washington, DC. September 5. https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-sessions-delivers-remarks-daca. Accessed January 11, 2018.Google Scholar
Dor, Gal, and Hofnung, Menahem. 2006. “Litigation as Political Participation.” Israel Studies 11 (2): 131–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekeh, Peter. 1975. “Colonialism and the Two Publics in Africa: A Theoretical Statement.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 17 (1): 91112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fanon, Frantz. 1967. Black Skin, White Masks. Originally published in French in 1952. New York: Grove Press.Google Scholar
Farrington, Dana, and Sprunt, Barbara. 2017. “Transcript: Trump Shifts Tone Again on White Nationalist Rally in Charlottesville.” NPR. Website. August 15. https://www.npr.org/2017/08/15/543769884/transcript-trump-shifts-tone-again-on-white-nationalist-rally-in-charlottesville. Accessed January 11, 2017.Google Scholar
#FeesMustFall. 2017. https://twitter.com/search?q=%23FEESMUSTFALL. Accessed October 11, 2017.Google Scholar
Friedman, Susan. 1998. Mappings: Feminism and the Cultural Geographies of Encounter. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaines, Kevin. 2006. African Americans in Ghana: Black Expatriates and the Civil Rights Era. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, Nicholas. 2017. Winning Our Freedoms Together: African Americans and Apartheid, 1945–1960. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Greene, Sandra. 1999. “Symbols and Social Activism: An Agenda for African Studies and the ASA for the 21st Century.” African Studies Review 42 (2): 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hadfield, Leslie Anne. 2016. Liberation and Development: Black Consciousness Community Programs in South Africa. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.Google Scholar
Hagberg, Sten. 2002. “‘Enough Is Enough’: An Ethnography of the Struggle against Impunity in Burkina Faso.” Journal of Modern African Studies 40 (2): 217–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haltiwanger, John. 2017. “Why is Trump Silent About Somalia? Hundreds were Killed in a Terrorist Attack in Mogadishu.” Newsweek. October 16. http://www.newsweek.com/why-trump-silent-somalia-hundreds-killed-terrorist-686103. Accessed December 31, 2017.Google Scholar
Hassim, Shireen. 2006. Women’s Organizations and Democracy in South Africa: Contesting Authority. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Isaacman, Allen. 2003. “Legacies of Engagement: Scholarship Informed by Political Commitment.” African Studies Review 46 (1): 141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Sandra, and Harris, Sandra. 2007. “African American Female College and University Presidents: Experiences and Perceptions of Barriers to the Presidency.” Journal of Women in Educational Leadership 5 (2): 119–37. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=jwel. Accessed January 2, 2018.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Sean. 2015. “Emergent African Digital Identities: The story behind ‘Africa is a Country.’” Journal of African Media Studies 7 (3): 345–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwayera, Mukalo. 2017. “Reporter’s Diary: ‘Cursed’ by Women who stripped before cameras.” Business Today. https://businesstoday.co.ke/mayhem-green-corner-mothers-political-prisoners-stripped-naked-eyes-international-cameras/. Accessed August 20, 2017.Google Scholar
Lawrance, Benjamin N. 2017. Website. https://history.arizona.edu/user/benjamin-n-lawrance. Accessed December 31, 2017.Google Scholar
Lawrance, Benjamin N., and Roberts, Richard L., eds. 2012. Trafficking in Slavery’s Wake: Law and the Experience of Women and Children in Africa. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Lawrance, Benjamin N., and Ruffer, Galya, eds. 2016. Adjudicating Refugee and Asylum Status: The Role of Witness, Expertise and Testimony. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lincoln University. 2017. “History.” Website. http://www.lincoln.edu/about/history. Accessed August 17, 2017.Google Scholar
Mama, Amina. 2007. “Is it Ethical to Study Africa?” Preliminary Thoughts on Scholarship and Freedom, African Studies Review 50 (1): 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marques de Morais, Rafael. 2009–present. Maka Angola. Website. https://www.makaangola.org/en/. Accessed January 9, 2018.Google Scholar
Miles, Tiya. 2017. “This Is Not Just a War Of Words.” The New York Times. Sunday Review, October 22, pp. 1 and 3.Google Scholar
Mkandawire, Thandika. 1997. “The Social Sciences in Africa: Breaking Local Barriers and Negotiating International Presence.” The Bashorun M.K.O. Abiola Distinguished Lecture Presented to the 1996 African Studies Association Annual Meeting. African Studies Review. 40 (2): 1536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monroe Work Today. 2017. Website. http://www.monroeworktoday.org/explore/. Accessed 12/30/2017.Google Scholar
Moore, Booth. 2017. “White Nationalist Uniform of Polo Shirts Takes Center Stage in Charlottesville.” The Hollywood Reporter. August 14. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/white-nationalist-uniform-polo-shirts-takes-center-stage-charlottsville-1029184. Accessed December 31, 2017.Google Scholar
Moorman, Marissa. 2004. “Putting on a Pano and Dancing Like Our Grandparents: Nation and Dress in Late Colonial Luanda.” In Allman, Jean, ed., Fashioning Africa: Power and the Politics of Dress. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Moorman, Marissa. 2008. Intonations: A Social History of Music and Nation in Luanda, Angola, from 1945 to Recent Times. Athens: Ohio University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moshenberg, Dan. 2014. “The Burkinabé women’s spatula uprising.” Women in and Beyond the Global. Website. October 30. http://www.womeninandbeyond.org/?p=16001. Accessed January 2, 2018.Google Scholar
National Humanities Alliance, 2017. “What the Administration Missed About Title VI and Fulbright-Hays.” Website. http://www.nhalliance.org/what_the_administration_missed_about_title_vi_and_fulbright_hays. June 22. Accessed January 10, 2018.Google Scholar
Nkrumah, Kwame. 1957a. “Encounters with Racism.” Reprinted in Oscar Handlin and Lilian Handlin, eds. From the Outer World, 241–52. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Nkrumah, Kwame. 1957b. “Independence Speech-Kwame Nkrumah, March 6, 1957, Accra, Ghana.” Reprinted by Pan-African Quotes. Website. https://panafricanquotes.wordpress.com/speeches/independence-speech-kwame-nkrumah-march-6-1957-accra-ghana/. Accessed December 31, 2017.Google Scholar
Nkrumah, Kwame. 1963 “‘We Must Unite Now or Perish’ (Ethiopia OAU Speech).” Posted at https://newafrikan77.wordpress.com/2015/09/21/we-must-unite-now-or-perish-ethiopia-oau-speech-kwame-nkrumah/. Accessed January 2, 2018.Google Scholar
Odinkalu, Chidi, and Kane, Ibrahima. 2014. “The Killing of Norbert Zongo: African Court Stresses State Obligation to Protect Journalists.” Voices. Open Society Foundations. March 31. https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/killing-norbert-zongo-african-court-stresses-state-obligation-protect-journalists. Accessed January 2, 2018.Google Scholar
Office of Management and Budget. 2017. “America First: A Budget Blueprint to Make America Great Again.” Executive Office of the President of the United States. https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/omb/budget/fy2018/2018_blueprint.pdf. Accessed January 11, 2018.Google Scholar
Ogot, Bethwell A. 2009. “Rereading the History and Historiography of Epistemic Domination and Resistance in Africa.” African Studies Review 52 (1): 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pithouse, Richard. 2016. “The turn to burning in South Africa.” Africa is a Country. Website. http://africasacountry.com/2016/09/the-turn-to-burning-in-south-africa/. Accessed October 30, 2017.Google Scholar
Poe, Daryl Zizwe. 2003. Kwame Nkrumah’s Contribution to Pan-African Agency: An Afrocentric Analysis. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Presley, Cora Ann. 2002. “Gender and Political Struggle in Kenya, 1948–1998.” In Catherine Higgs, , Moss, Barbara and Ferguson, Earline Rae, eds. Stepping Forward: Black Women in Africa and the Americas, 173–88. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Ransby, Barbara. 2017. “Black Lives Matter Is Democracy in Action.” Sunday Review. The New York Times. October, 22: 67.Google Scholar
#RhodesMustFall. 2017. https://twitter.com/rhodesmustfall?lang=en. Accessed October 15, 2017.Google Scholar
Russell, Diana. 2003. Lives of Courage: Women for a New South Africa. Lincoln, Nebraska: iUniverse. reprint. Originally printed by Basic Books, 1989.Google Scholar
Savage, Charlie. 2017. “Justice Dept. to Take on Affirmative Action in College Admissions.” The New York Times. August 1. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/01/us/politics/trump-affirmative-action-universities.html?_r=0. Accessed January 11, 2017.Google Scholar
Soré, Ramata. 2008. “The Murder of Norbert Zongo: A history of investigative journalism in Burkina Faso.” Reuters Institute Fellowship Paper. University of Oxford. Michaelmas Term.Google Scholar
South African History Online. 2017. “A List of women involved in the women’s struggle in South Africa, 1900–1994.” Website. http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/list-women-involved-women’s-struggle-south-africa-1900-1994. Accessed January 2, 2018.Google Scholar
Southern Poverty Law Center. 2018. “Hate Map.” Website. https://www.splcenter.org/hate-map, accessed June 11, 2018.Google Scholar
Tibbetts, Alexandra. 1994. “Mamas Fighting for Freedom in Kenya.” Africa Today 41 (4): 2748.Google Scholar
TracImmigration. 2017. “Immigration Court Backlog Tool.” Website. University of Syracuse. http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/court_backlog/. Accessed 31 December 2017.Google Scholar
United States Embassy in Sierra Leone. 2017. “U.S. Government Support for Mudslide and Flooding Disaster Response.” Press Release. Freetown. August 23. https://sl.usembassy.gov/u-s-government-support-mudslide-flooding-disaster-response/. Accessed October 12, 2017.Google Scholar
UPenn Archives. 2017. “Kwame Nkrumah at Penn: A Digital Exhibition of the Penn African Studies Center.” University of Pennsylvania African Studies Center and University of Pennsylvania University Archives and Records Center. http://www.archives.upenn.edu/people/notables/nkrumah/nkrumah_exhibit.html. Accessed August 20, 2017.Google Scholar
Wang, Cecilia. 2017. “Trump banned refugees on Holocaust Remembrance Day. That says everything.” The Guardian. January 28. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jan/28/donald-trump-ban-refugees-holocaust-remembrance-day. Accessed January 11, 2017.Google Scholar
Webb, Chris. 2015. “Rhodes Must Fall Everywhere.” Africa Is A Country. Website. http://africasacountry.com/2015/03/rhodes-must-fall-everywhere/. Accessed October 30, 2017.Google Scholar
Wolin, Sheldon. 2017. Democracy Incorporated: Managed Democracy and the Specter of Inverted Totalitarianism. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (1st edition, 2008.)Google Scholar
Young, Crawford. 1994. The African Colonial State in Comparative Perspective. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Younge, Gary. 2017. “Remember this about Donald Trump. He knows the depths of American bigotry.” The Guardian. September 26. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/26/donald-trump-nfl-kneeling-national-anthem. Accessed January 11, 2017.Google Scholar
Zeleza, Paul. 1997. Manufacturing African Studies and Crises. Dakar: Codesria.Google Scholar