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The Kinship Terminology of a Group of Southern Ibo

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 August 2012

Extract

Full descriptions of the kinship terminology of the Ibo of south-eastern Nigeria are rare. One important reason for this is that, although the basic principles of kinship organization are similar over much of the Ibo culture area, terminology reflects, on the one hand, the extreme degree of dialect variation and, on the other hand, local variation in details of the kinship organization itself. Such variations occur sometimes over a very few miles. Certainly there is no single Ibo kinship terminology; there is only in a broad sense one southern Ibo terminology; while the area which can be said to have one terminology in the narrowest sense of an absolute identity of every term is often very restricted. Although this situation may be confusing to the investigator, it is not necessarily so to the Ibo. Every Ibo is conversant with kinship terms within and often far beyond the radius in which he may seek a wife, just as he is aware of dialectal variations in any other field of terminology. Thus it is that terminology in the literature has tended sometimes to be dialectally eclectic as well as incomplete. The growing body of publications in Ibo, both in the Onitsha and the Central dialects, also illustrates this tendency when kinship relationships are mentioned. It would therefore seem to be worth while to record one specific system of terminology in detail, within the social context of its area.

Résumé

LA TERMINOLOGIE DE LA PARENTÉ CHEZ UN GROUPE D'IBO DU SUD

Il existe plusieurs variations locales et dialectales dans la terminologie de parenté des Ibo; cet article donne un aperçu de la terminologie qui est en usage à Ezinihite, un des groupements constituants des Mba-Ise de la division d'Owerri de la province d'Owerri, dans le Nigéria Oriental.

L'organisation régionale reflète un type de parenté qui est basé sur des lignées segmentaires avec descendance patrilinéale et mariage virilocal; la terminologie de la parenté est fluide et des termes similaires sont employés pour des segments de lignée des classes et des gammes très différentes.

La disposition des habitations dans les compounds — chaque femme ayant sa propre hutte où ses enfants habitent avec elle — correspond à la répartition du ménage en groupes, comprenant les ‘enfants d'une seule mère’. Le système de succession pour les terres souligne également la distinction entre les enfants d'une seule mère, d'une part, et les enfants de mères différentes, d'autre part. Le système de succession est lui-même basé sur les droits aux terres exercés par les femmes mariées.

Les termes de parenté peuvent être très étendus pour comprendre toute une gamme de parents de la personne désignée. On insiste sur l'ancienneté par âge véritable, plutôt que par générations, et il y a tendance à appliquer les termes appropriés à des frères et des sœurs aux personnes appartenant à des générations différentes lorsqu'il y a peu de différence d'âge. La terminologie de parenté souligne également la persistance, des liens avec les parents paternels de la mère et ceux de la mère de la mère.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1954

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References

page 85 note 1 The research was conducted under the auspices of the Nigerian Government and the Colonial Social Science Research Council.

page 86 note 1 The location of the five component subdivisions of Mba-Ise (Agbaja, Ezinihite, Oke, Ahiara and Ekwerazu) will be found in the map at the end of Forde, D. and Jones, G. I., The Ibo and Ibibio-speaking peoples of South-eastern Nigeria, Oxford University Press for International African Institute, 1950.Google Scholar

page 86 note 2 In the transcription of Ibo words I have used the New Orthography, with the addition that aspirated consonants are marked with a following h. As a rough reading guide for those unfamiliar with the transcription of Ibo vowels, θ may be read as u in put, u as 00 in boot, ɔ as 0 in not, 0 as 0 in note, ε as e in set, e as i in sit and / as i in machine. Tones are indicated in brackets by the method used by Miss M. M. Green and the late Dr. I. C. Ward.

page 86 note 3 It is assumed that material contained in Meek, C. K., Law and Authority in a Nigerian Tribe, London, 1937Google Scholar, and Forde, D. and Jones, G. I., op. cit., is already familiar.

page 86 note 4 It should be noted that all the following terms normally require the appropriate possessive pronoun in actual speech.

page 89 note 1 For a study of this relationship of the system of land use to the inheritance pattern, and an account of the latter with its various modifications in special circumstances, see Ardener, E. W., Interim Report on a Socio-economic Survey of Mba-Ise, Eastern Nigeria, Colonial Social Science Research Council, 1952 (unpublished).Google Scholar

page 92 note 1 The term θmθnε cannot be broken into component parts, although the vowels are disharmonious, a common feature of compound words. The term used in the northern (Isoma) part of Mba-Ise is more distinctive: umεrε nnε.

page 94 note 1 Cf. M. M., Green, Ibo Village Affairs, London, 1947, p. 160.Google Scholar

page 95 note 1 The marriage bar with the osu caste is of another kind, and is irrelevant here.

page 97 note 1 In Ezinihite the term is not extended so far as is the dialectal cognate okpala in the Onitsha area.

page 98 note 1 e.g. Meek, C. K., op. cit., pp. 259–61.

page 98 note 2 Green, M. M., op. cit., pp. 160–5.