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Dissident perspectives on Zimbabwe's post-Independence war

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Extract

A much neglected perspective on Zimbabwe's post-independence war is that held by its insurgents, the so-called dissidents. The experience of dissidents has been little explored, in part because of the difficulty of doing so until recently but also because scholars and journalists have analysed post-1980 violence primarily in terms of the political interests of either ZAPU or ZANU-PF, Zimbabwe's dominant nationalist parties, or the South African state. No account has sought to explore the motives, goals and organisation of the dissidents themselves; the how-and-whys of the turn to war have remained obscure. Though dissidents' views are often as partisan as those of their detractors, focusing on the perspectives of the dissidents allows a substantial reinterpretation of the war and its aftermath. From the dissidents' point of view, post-Unity politics is bitterly disappointing: they say Unity is meaningful only for the national leaders. Unity has not overcome the political tribalism of the 1980s nor has it brought an end to economic hardship. Though the dissidents' perspective on Zimbabwe's post-independence war is unique in many ways, the stress on the unresolved wrongs of the 1980s—continued developmental neglect, the lack of restitution or even recognition for losses and suffering, the failures to make peace with the High God of Njelele and the spirits—finds a much wider resonance within Matabeleland as a whole.

Résumé

Parmi les diverses perspectives sur la guerre de post-indépendance au Zimbabwe, il en est une fort négligée: celle de ses insurgés, les nommés dissidents. L'expérience de ces dissidents a été très peu étudiée, en partie en raison de la difficulté de le faire jusqu'à une période récente, mais aussi parce que les chercheurs et les journalistes ont analysé la violence d'après 1980 principalement en termes des intérêts politiques du ZAPU et du ZANU-PF, les deux partis nationalistes dominants au Zimbabwe, ou de l'Afrique du Sud. Aucune étude n'a cherché à explorer les motivations, les objectifs et l'organisation des dissidents; le pourquoi et le comment du déclenchement de la guerre sont demeurés obscurs. Bien que les opinions des dissidents soient souvent aussi partisanes que celles de leurs détracteurs, l'examen des perspectives des dissidents donne matière à une réinterprétation importante de la guerre. Du point de vue des dissidents, la politique de post-Unité est amèrement décevante: selon eux, l'Unité n'a de sens que pour les responsables nationaux. L'Unité n'a pas permis de résoudre les problèmes de tribalisme politique des années 80, et n'a pas non plus mis fin aux difficultés économiques. Bien que la perspective des dissidents sur la guerre de post-indépendance au Zimbabwe soit unique à de nombreux égards, l'insistance sur les problèmes non résolus des années 80, comme l'indifférence à l'égard du développement, le manque de restitution voire même de reconnaissance des pertes et des souffrances, ou l'échec de paix avec le Dieu Tout-Puissant de Njele et les esprits, a éveillé des résonances plus larges dans tout le Matabeleland.

Type
Listening to losers after conflict
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1998

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