Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T16:51:45.848Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Child marriages in Rwandan refugee camps

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Extract

The Rwandan refugee camps in Tanzania witnessed the marriages of very young adolescents: girls as young as 13–14 married boys of 14–15 years, boys they often did not even know. These marriages usually did not last very long; after a few months many girls were forced to leave—sent away by their husband. People of both sexes and all ages, when asked about the problems in the camp, would always mention these child marriages as one of the biggest problems. They were worried not only about the loss of respect for Rwandan culture and traditional values but also about the future of the marriages and what would become of the children. This article is not based on extensive research into child marriages, but the author was able to interview a number of young people who had got married in the camps, and to collect information and the opinions of other people on these and other cases. Rather than describing marriage customs and wedding ceremonies in Rwanda, and comparing them with what took place in the refugee camps, the article aims to show the impact of (civil) war, the consequent poverty and the destruction of social structures on a community, in order to show how in these circumstances behaviour can change radically. Refugees have to build up a new life in a camp, and the new ‘society’ is likely to be different from the one they came from, with different rules and changed values. Among various examples of deviant behaviour child marriages were the most remarkable.

Résumé

Les camps de réfugiés rwandais en Tanzanie ont été témoins de manages entre très jeunes adolescents: des filles de 13–14 ans ont épousé des gargons de 14–15 ans qu'elles ne connaissaient souvent meme pas. Ces mariages ne durent généralement pas longtemps; au bout de quelques mois, de nombreuses filles ont été contraintes de partir, chassées par leur mari. Lorsqu'on interroge les hommes et les femmes de tous âges sur les problemes des camps, ils évoquent toujours ces mariages juvéniles comme l'un des problèmes majeurs. Ils sont inquiets non seulement du manque de respect vis-à-vis de la culture rwandaise et des valeurs traditionnelles, mais aussi de l'avenir de ces mariages et des enfants. Cet article ne s'appuie pas sur une étude approfondie des mariages juvéniles, mais l'auteur a pu interroger des jeunes qui se sont mariés dans les camps et recueillir des informations et des opinions d'autres personnes sur ces manages et d'autres. Loin de decrire les traditions de mariage et les cérémonies nuptiales au Rwanda, et de les comparer avec celles pratiquées dans les camps de réfugiés, l'article vise à montrer l'impact de la guerre (civile), de la pauvreté et de la destruction des structures sociales qui en résultent sur la communauté, afin de montrer comment les comportements changent radicalement dans de telles situations. Les réfugiés doivent reconstruire leur vie dans le camp, et leur nouvelle “société” risque fort de ne pas ressembler à celle qu'ils ont connue dans le passé, avec des règles différentes et des changements de valeurs. Bien que l'auteur ait identifié d'autres exemples de déviance des comportements, les manages juvéniles étaient les plus marquants.

Type
Listening to losers after conflict
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albert, E. 1971. ‘Women of Burundi: a study of social values’, in Paulme, D. (ed.), Women of Tropical Africa, pp. 179216. Berkeley, Cal.: University of California Press. (First published in Paris in 1960 as Femmes d'Afrique noire.)Google Scholar
Gravel, P. B. 1968. Remera: a community in eastern Rwanda. Paris: Mouton.Google Scholar
d'Hertefelt, M. 1965. ‘The Rwanda of Rwanda’, in Gibbs, J. L., (ed.), Peoples of Africa, pp. 403–40. New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
Kabera, J. B., and Muyanja, C. 1994. ‘Homecoming in the Luwero triangle’, in Allen, T. and Morsink, H. (eds), When Refugees Go Home, pp. 96104. London: UNRISD/James Currey.Google Scholar
Lestrade, A. 1972. ‘Notes d'ethnographie du Rwanda’, Archief voor Antropologie 17. Tervuren: Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika.Google Scholar
Malkki, L. 1995. Purity and Exile: violence, memory and national cosmology among Hutu refugees in Tanzania. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogge, J. R. 1994. ‘Repatriation of refugees’, in Allen, T. and Morsink, H. (eds), When Refugees Go Home, pp. 1449. London: UNRISD/James Currey.Google Scholar
Taylor, C. 1988. Milk, Honey and Money: conceptual changes in Rwandan traditional healing. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar