Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T15:57:33.740Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Potential of reducing the environmental impact of aviation by usinghydrogen Part II: Aero gas turbine design

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2016

F. Haglind ,
A. Hasselrot  and
R. Singh
F. Haglind
Affiliation:
FOI, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
A. Hasselrot
Affiliation:
FOI, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
R. Singh
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The main objective of the paper is to evaluate the potential of reducing theenvironmental impact of civil subsonic aviation by using hydrogen fuel. Thepaper is divided into three parts of which this is Part II. In Part I thebackground, prospects and challenges of introducing an alternative fuel inaviation were outlined. In this paper, Part II, the aero engine design whenusing hydrogen is covered. The subjects of optimum cruising altitude and airportimplications of introducing liquid hydrogen-fuelled aircraft are raised in PartIII.

The study shows that burning hydrogen in an aero gas turbine seems to be feasiblefrom a technical point of view. If the priority is to lower the mission fuelconsumption, the results indicate that an engine employing increased combustoroutlet temperature, overall pressure ratio and by-pass ratio, seems to be themost attractive choice. The mission NOx emissions, on the other hand,seem to be reduced by using engines with a weak core and lowered by-passratio.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 110 , Issue 1110 , August 2006 , pp. 541 - 552
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Rogers, H.L., Lee, D.S., Raper, D.W., Foster, P.M. De, F., Wilson, C.W. and Newton, P.J. The impacts of aviation on the atmosphere, The Aeronaut J, 2002, 106, (1064), pp 521–546.Google Scholar
2. Schnieder, H. and McKay, D. Global energy resources and hydrogen supply costs, Task Final Report 8.4-1, CRYOPLANE Project, 2001.Google Scholar
3. Haglind, F. and Singh, R. Design of aero gas turbines using hydrogen, ASME J Eng Gas Turbines and Power, in press, 2006.Google Scholar
4. Svensson, F. † and Singh, R. Effects of Using Hydrogen on Aero Gas Turbine Pollutant Emissions, Performance and Design, Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2004, Vienna, Austria, 14-17 June 2004.Google Scholar
5. Boggia, S, Jackson, A. and Singh, R. Unconventional cycles for aero gas turbine engines burning hydrogen, Proceedings of 13th Symposium on Air Breathing Engines, ISABE, Chattanooga, TN, USA, 2001.Google Scholar
6. Corchero, G. and Montañes, J.L. An approach to the use of hydrogen in actual commercial aircraft engines, Proceedings of 15th Symposium on Air Breathing Engines, ISABE, Cleveland, USA, 2003.Google Scholar
7. Boggia, S. and Jackson, A. Some nconventional aero gas turbines using hydrogen fuel (GT-2002-30412), Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2002, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 3-6 June 2002.Google Scholar
8. Boggia, S. Four Unconventional Aero Gas Turbine Engines burning Hydrogen – Cryoplane Project, MSc Thesis, Cranfield University, UK, 2001.Google Scholar
9. Pilidis, P. Design point performance, Lecture notes of course in gas turbine performance, Cranfield University, UK, 11-15 June 2001.Google Scholar
10. Baerst, C.F. and Riple, J.C. Preliminary studies of a turbofan engine and fuel system for use with liquid hydrogen. In: Hydrogen in Air Transportation, International DGLR/DFVLR-Symposium, sequence 19, Germany, 11-14 September 1979.Google Scholar
11. Payzer, R.J. and Renninger, S.W. Hydrogen Fueled High Bypass Turbofans in Subsonic Aircraft. In: Hydrogen in Air Transportation, International DGLR/DFVLR-Symposium, Germany, 11-14 September, 1979.Google Scholar
12. Lefebvre, A.H. Gas Turbine Combustion, 2nd ed, Brothers, Edwards, Ann Arbor, MI, Philadelphia, USA, 1998.Google Scholar
13. Correa, S.M. Lean premixed combustion for gas turbines: review and required research, Fossil Fuel Combustion, ASME PD 33, 1991.Google Scholar
14. Miller, J.A. and Bowman, C.T. Mechanism and modeling of nitrogen chemistry in combustion, Prog Energy Combust Sci, 1989, 15, pp 287–338.Google Scholar
15. Dahl, G. and Suttrop, F. Combustion chamber and emissions, estimated NOx-reduction potential of hydrogen fuelled aircraft engines, Task Technical Report 4.4-5B, CRYOPLANE Project, 2001.Google Scholar
16. Ziemann, J., Mayr, A., Anagnostou, A., Suttrop, F., Lowe, M., BAgheri, S.A. and Nitsche, Th. Potential use of hydrogen in air propulsion, EQHHPP, Phase .0-3, Final Report, submitted to European Union (contract no 5077-92-11 EL ISP D), 1998.Google Scholar
17. Ziemann, J., Shum, F., Moore, M., Kluyskens, D., Thomaier, D., Zarzalis, N. and Eberius, H. Low-NoX Combustors for hydrogen fueled aero engine, Int J Hydrogen Energy, 1998, 23, (4), pp 281–288.Google Scholar
18. Dahl, G. and Suttrop, F. Combustion Chamber and Emissions, The Micromix Hydrogen Combustor Technology, Task Technical Report 4.4-5A, CRYOPLANE Project, 2001.Google Scholar
19. Dahl, G. and Suttrop, F. Engine control and low-NOx combustion for hydrogen fuelled aircraft gas turbines, Int J Hydrogen Energy, 1998, 23, (8), pp 695–705.Google Scholar
20. Kurzke, J. User’s Manual – GasTurb 8.0 for Windows, A Program to Calculate Design and Off-Design Performance of Gas Turbines, www.gasturb.de, 1998.Google Scholar
21. McBride, B.J. and GORDON, S. Computer Program for Calculation of Complex Chemical Equilibrium Compositions and Applications – ?. Users Manual and Program Description, NASA Reference Publication 1311 (may be obtained from http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/CEAWeb/), 1996.Google Scholar
22. Gordon, S. and McBride, B.J. Computer Program for Calculation of Complex Chemical Equilibrium Compositions and Applications – ?. Analysis, NASA Reference Publication 1311 (may be obtained from http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/CEAWeb/), 1994.Google Scholar
23. Singh, R. Combustor cooling and metal temperatures, lecture notes of course in Gas Turbine Combustion, Cranfield University, UK, 24-28 June 2002.Google Scholar
24. Svensson, F. †, Hasselrot, A. and Moldanova, J. Reduced environmental impact by lowered cruise altitude for liquid-hydrogen fuelled aircraft, Aerosp Sci and Techn, 2004, 8, (4), pp 307–320.Google Scholar
25. Haglind, F. and Singh, R. Design of hydrogen-fuelled aero gas turbines for low environmental impact, Proceedings of 17th Int symposium on air breathing engines, ISABE, Munich, Germany, 4-9 September 2005.Google Scholar
26. Svensson, F. †, Potential of Reducing the Environmental Impact of Civil Subsonic Aviation by Using Liquid Hydrogen, PhD Thesis, Cranfield University, UK, also available from FOI: Scientific report, FOI-R-1636-SE, 2005.Google Scholar
27. Oelkers, W. and Prenzel, E. Aircraft configuration – short/medium range aircraft, Task Final Report 2.3.4, CRYOPLANE Project, 2001.Google Scholar
28. Westenberger, A. Hydrogen fuelled aircraft, Proceedings of AIAA/ICAS Conference, Dayton, Ohio, USA, 14-17 July 2003.Google Scholar
29. Westenberger, A. Liquid hydrogen fuelled aircraft – system analysis, CRYOPLANE, Final Technical Report, GRD1-1999-10014, submitted to the European Commission, 2003.Google Scholar
30. Simos, D. Piano User’s Guide, For Piano Version 3.6, Lissys Ltd., 2000 (Information: http://www.lissys.demon.co.uk/).Google Scholar
31. Walsh, P.P. and Fletcher, P. Gas Turbine Performance, Blackwell Science Ltd, UK, 1998.Google Scholar
32. Zimbrick, R.A. and Colehour, J.L. An investigation of very high bypass ratio engines for subsonic transports, Proceedings of AIAA/AMSE/SAE/ASEE 24th Joint Propulsion Conference, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 11-13 July 1998.Google Scholar
33. Le Dilosquer, M. Influence of Subsonic Aero Engine Design and Flight Routes on Atmospheric Pollution, PhD Thesis, Cranfield University, UK, 1998.Google Scholar