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The Drag Effects of Roughness at High Sub-Critical Speeds*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2016

A. D. Young
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Extract

Measurements were made in the Royal Aircraft Establishment High Speed Tunnel of the drag of a wing with various grades of surface roughness in the form of camouflage paint. The measurements were made for a range, of Reynolds number from about 4.5 × 106 to about 15 × 106 at a constant Mach number of 0.2, and for a range of Mach numbers from 0.2 to about 0.7 at a constant Reynolds number of 4.5 × 106 and to about 0.6 at a constant Reynolds number of 6.0 × 106. It was found that for the range of Mach numbers tested compressibility had no appreciable effect on the drag increase due to roughness (Figs. 2 and 3). Further, the drag effect of each roughness tested was such that an equivalent size of sand roughness Ke, of the type tested by Nikuradse, could be readily associated with it. For each finish tested a number of roughness records were taken by means of a roughness gauge developed by Dr. Tomlinson, of the National Physical Laboratory (Fig. 5).

Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 54 , Issue 476 , August 1950 , pp. 534 - 540
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 1950

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Footnotes

*

This paper was read at the International Congress of Applied Mechanics in Paris, 1946, and the author is indebted to the Ministry of Supply for permission to publish it. The diagrams and photographs are Crown Copyright.

References

1. Nikuradse, . Forschungsheft No. 361 (1933). See also Aerodynamic Theory (Durand), Vol. III.Google Scholar
2. Prandtl, and Schlichting, . Werft Reederel Hafen (1934). See also Aerodynamic Theory (Durand), Vol. III.Google Scholar
3. Squire, and Young, . The Calculation of the Profile Drag of Aerofoils. R. & M. 1838 (1937).Google Scholar
4. Young, . The Calculation of the Total and Skin Friction Drags of Bodies of Revolution at Zero Incidence, R. & M. 1874 (1939).Google Scholar
5. Cambridge University Aeronautics Laboratory. Measurements of Profile Drag by the Pitot-Traverse Method. R. & M. 1688 (1936).Google Scholar
6. Young, . Note on the Effect of Compressibility on Jones’ Momentum Method of Measuring Profile Drag. R. & M. 1881 (1939).Google Scholar
7. Schlichting, . Ingenieurarchiv (1936).Google Scholar