Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T19:06:36.942Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Distributed propulsion and ultra-high by-pass rotor study at aircraft level

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2016

A. Seitz
Affiliation:
Bauhaus Luftfahrt e.V., Ottobrunn, Germany
J. Bijewitz
Affiliation:
Bauhaus Luftfahrt e.V., Ottobrunn, Germany
A. Mirzoyan
Affiliation:
Central Institute of Aviation Motors (CIAM), Moscow, Russia
A. Isyanov
Affiliation:
Central Institute of Aviation Motors (CIAM), Moscow, Russia
R. Grenon
Affiliation:
ONERA – The French Aerospace Lab, Meudon, France
O. Atinault
Affiliation:
ONERA – The French Aerospace Lab, Meudon, France
J.-L. Godard
Affiliation:
ONERA – The French Aerospace Lab, Meudon, France
S. Stückl
Affiliation:
Airbus Group Innovations, Ottobrunn, Germany
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This technical article discusses design and integration associated with distributed propulsion as a means of providing motive power with significantly reduced emissions and external noise for future aircraft concepts. The technical work reflects activities performed within a European Commission funded Framework 7 project entitled Distributed Propulsion and Ultra-high By-Pass Rotor Study at Aircraft Level, or, DisPURSAL. In this instance, the approach of distributed propulsion includes a Distributed Multiple-Fans Concept driven by a limited number of engine cores as well as one unique solution that integrates the fuselage with a single propulsor (dubbed Propulsive-Fuselage Concept) – both targeting entry-in-service year 2035+. Compared to a state-of-the-art, year 2000 reference aircraft, designs with tighter coupling between airframe aerodynamics and motive power system performance for medium-to-long-range operations indicated potentially a 40-45% reduction in CO2-emissions. An evolutionary, year 2035, conventional morphology gas-turbine aircraft was predicted to be –33% in CO2-emissions.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2015

References

1. European Commission Flightpath 2050 Europe’S Vision For Aviation – Report Of The High Level Group On Aviation Research, Luxembourg, 2011.Google Scholar
2.Muller, R. (ASD AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe) ACARE Goals (AGAPE) Progress Evaluation, Project Final Report Publishable Summary, Support Action Funding Scheme, Proposal No. 205768, European Commission Directorate General for Research and Innovation, June 2010.Google Scholar
3. Advisory Council for Aviation Research and Innovation in Europe (ACARE) Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) – Volume 1, Brussels, 2012.Google Scholar
4.Isikveren, A.T. and Schmidt, M.Future Transport Aircraft Ultra-Low Emissions Technology Options, GARS Workshop Air Transport and Climate Change, Worms, Germany, 4 April 2014.Google Scholar
5.Isikveren, A.Parametric Modeling Techniques in Industrial Conceptual Transport Aircraft Design, 2003 World Aviation Congress, Montreal, SAE Paper 2003-01-3052, September 2003.Google Scholar
6. Advisory Council for Aeronautical Research in Europe (Acare) European Aeronautics: A Vision for 2020, 2001.Google Scholar
7.Green, J.E.Greener by Design, Innovative Configurations and Advanced Concepts for Future Civil Aircraft Lecture Series 2005-06, von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Brussels, Belgium, 6-10 June 2005.Google Scholar
8.Torenbeek, E.Introductory Overview of Innovative Civil Transport Aircraft Confgurations, Innovative Confgurations and Advanced Concepts for Future Civil Aircraft Lecture Series 2005-06, von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, 6-10 June, 2005.Google Scholar
9.McMasters, J.H.A US Perspective on Future Commercial Airliner Design, Innovative Configurations and Advanced Concepts for Future Civil Aircraft Lecture Series 2005-06, von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Brussels, Belgium, 6-10 June 2005.Google Scholar
10.Rodriguez, D.L.Multidisciplinary optimization method for designing boundary-layer-ingesting inlets, J Aircr, May 2009, 46, pp 883894.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Smith, L.H. Jr, Wake ingestion propulsion benefit, J Propulsion and Power, 9, January 1993, pp 7482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Steiner, H.-J., Seitz, A., Wieczorek, K., Plötner, K.O., Isikveren, A.T. and Hornung, M. Multi-disciplinary Design and Feasibility Study of Distributed Propulsion Systems, Paper ICAS 2012-1.7.5, 28th International Congress of the Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS), 2012.Google Scholar
13.Uranga, A., Drela, M., Greitzer, E.M., Titchener, N.A., Lieu, M.K., Siu, N.M., Huangk, A.C., Gatlin, G.M. and Hannon, J.A.Preliminary Experimental Assessment of the Boundary Layer Ingestion Benefit for the D8 Aircraft, AIAA 2014-0906, AIAA SciTech 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. National Harbor, Maryland, US, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Isikveren, A.T. (Bauhaus Luftfahrt e.V.) Distributed Propulsion and Ultra-high By-pass Rotor Study at Aircraft Level (DisPURSAL), FP7-AAT-2012-RTD-L0, Proposal No. 323013, European Commission Directorate General for Research and Innovation, 14 March 2012.Google Scholar
15.Isikveren, A.T., Seitz, A., Bijewitz, J., Hornung, M., Mirzoyan, A., Isyanov, A., Godard, J.-L., Stückl, S. and van Toor, J.Recent Advances in Airframe-Propulsion Concepts with Distributed Propulsion, 29th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, 7-12 September, 2014.Google Scholar
16. AERO2K. Global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2002 and 2025, Website: http://aero-net.info/fleadmin/aeronet_files/links/documents/AERO2K_Global_Aviation_Emissions_Inventories_for_2002_and_2025.Pdf, Cited June 2013.Google Scholar
17. Offcial Airline Guide (OAG) Historical Data, 2012.Google Scholar
18.Schmidt M., , Plötner, K.O., Pornet, C., Isikveren, A.T. and Hornung, M.Contributions of Cabin Related and Ground Operation Technologies Towards Flightpath 2050, Paper 301299, 62. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2013, Stuttgart, Germany, September 2013.Google Scholar
19. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) ICAO Annex 14 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation Aerodromes, Volume 1, Aerodrome Design and Operations, 4th ed, July 2004.Google Scholar
20.Lee, D.-S., Periaux, J., Gonzalez, L.F., Srinivas, K. and Onate, E.Active Flow Control Bump Desig Using Hybrid Nash-Game Coupled to Evolutionary Algorithms, Proceedings of 5th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, Lisbon, Portugal, 2010.Google Scholar
21.Reneaux, J. Overview on Drag Reduction Technologies for Civil Transport Aircraft, European Congres on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering, ECCOMAS 2004.Google Scholar
22.Walsh, M.Riblets, AIAA Viscous Flow Drag Reduction, 123, 1990, pp 203261.Google Scholar
23.Campbell, F.Structural Composite Materials, ASM International, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Siochi, M. Enabling Technologies for Aerospace Missions – The Case for Nanotubes, FEL Users/Lase Processing Consortium Meeting, Jefferson Lab, 11 March, 2004.Google Scholar
25.Kébrau, S.Fracture Mechanics Analysis of Novel Non-Rectangular Stiffening Concepts in Compariso to Conventional Rectangular Stiffened Fuselage Structures, CEAS 2007, Berlin, Germany, 2007.Google Scholar
26.Flinn, B. Improving Adhesive Bonding of Composites through Surface Characterization, The Join Advanced Materials and Structures Center of Excellence, 2009.Google Scholar
27.Pornet, C., Gologan, C., Vratny, P.C., Seitz, A., Schmitz, O., Isikveren, A.T. and Hornung, MMethodology for Sizing and Performance Assessment of Hybrid Energy Aircraft, J Aircraft, 52, (1), pp 341352, DOI 10.2514/1.C032716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Mistree, F., Lewis, K. and Stonis, L.Selection in the Conceptual Design of Aircraft, AIAA-94-4382-CP 32nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada, US, 10-13 January, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Seitz, A. and Gologan, C.Parametric Design Studies for Propulsive Fuselage Aircraft Concepts, CEA Aeronaut J, 6, (1), pp 6982, DOI: 10.1007/s13272-014-0130-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Cambier, L., Heib, S. and Plot, S.The Onera elsA CFD software: input from research and feedback from industry, Mechanics and Industry J, April 2013, 14, (3), pp 159174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Atinault, O., Carrier, G., Grenon, R., Verbecke, C. and Viscat, P.Numerical and Experimenta Aerodynamic Investigations of Boundary Layer Ingestion for Improving Propulsion Effciency of Future Air Transport, AIAA 2013-2406, 31st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, San Diego, California US, 2013.Google Scholar
32.Kurzke, J. GasTurb 11, compiled with Delphi 2007 on 27 January, 2010.Google Scholar
33.Kurzke, J. GasTurb 12. Design and Off-Design Performance of Gas Turbines, GasTurb GmbH, 2013.Google Scholar
34.Seitz, A., Bijewitz, J., Kaiser, S. and Wortmann, G.Conceptual Investigation Of A Propulsive Fuselag Aircraft Layout, Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology: An International Journal, 86, (6), pp 464472, DOI: 10.1108/AEAT-06-2014-0079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Bijewitz, J. and Seitz, A., Hornung, M.Multi-Disciplinary Design Investigation of Propulsive Fuselag Aircraft Concepts, 4Th EASN Association International Workshop on Flight Physics and Aircraft Design Aachen, Germany, October 27-29, 2014.Google Scholar
36.Frota, J. (AIRBUS SAS) New Aircraft Concepts Research (NACRe), FP6-2003-AERO-1, Proposa No. 516068, European Commission Directorate General for Research and Innovation, 2005.Google Scholar
37.Godard, J-L., Semi-Buried Engine Installation: The Nacre Project Experience, 27th International Congres of the Aeronautical Sciences, 2010.Google Scholar
38.Tong, M., Jones, S. and Haller, W.Engine Conceptual Design Studies for a Hybrid Wing Body Aircraft Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2009, Orlando, US, 2009.Google Scholar
39. The Boeing Co. Jet Transport Performance Methods, Rept. D6-1420, 7th ed, Flight Operation Engineering, Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Seattle, Washington, US, 1989.Google Scholar
40. Pan-Am. Pan-Am Flight Operations Manual, Rev. 228. New York, US, 1988.Google Scholar
41. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) ICAO Annex 16 Environmental Protection Vol. Aircraft Noise, 6th ed, 2011.Google Scholar
42. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) ICAO Annex 16 Environmental Protection Vol.II Aircraft Engine Emission, 3rd ed, 2008.Google Scholar
43. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Environmental Protection, Annex 16, Volume III Co2 Certification Requirement, text of Proposed New Annex 16, not issued.Google Scholar
44.Wulff, A. and Hourmouziadis, J. A Universal Combustor Model for the Prediction of Aeroengin Pollutant Emissions, ISABE 99-7162, 1999.Google Scholar
45.Dickson, N. Aircraft Noise Technology and International Noise Standards, Environment Branch, ICAO Air Transport Bureau. 2014.Google Scholar
46.Bradley, M., Droney, C., Paisley, D., Roth, B., Gowda, S. and Kirby, M. NASA N+3 Subsonic Ultr Green Aircraft Research. SUGAR, Final Review, April 2010.Google Scholar
47.Mongeau, L. Noise Technology Goals, Summary of the conclusions of the second CAEP Noise Technolog Independent Expert Panel (IEP2), ICAO Symposium on aviation and climate change, ‘Destination Green’, May 2013.Google Scholar
48. Noise Certification Database Noisedb, http://www.noisedb.stac.aviation-civile.gouv.fr, accessed December 2014.Google Scholar
49.Isikveren, A.T., Goritschnig, G. and Noel, M.‘Productivity Metrics for Business and Regional Aircraft’, Paper 2003-01-3063, 2003 SAE World Aviation Congress, Montréal, Québec, Canada, September 2003.Google Scholar
50.Isikveren, A.T.Section 3: Marketing Requirements and Objectives’, Industrial Transport Aircraft Design A Compendium of Principles, Practices and Technqiues, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Montréal, Québec, Canada, 2005.Google Scholar
51. Association of European Airlines Operating Economy of AEA Airlines, 2007.Google Scholar
52. Transport Studies Group Aircraft Crewing – Marginal Delay Costs. London, United Kingdom, 2008.Google Scholar
53. International Air Transport Association (IATA) Airport and Air Navigation Charges Manual. Montreal/Geneva, 2001.Google Scholar
54.Plötner, K.O., Wesseler, P. and Phleps, P.Identification of key aircraft and operational parameters affecting airport charges. Int J Aviation Management, 2013, 2, (1/2), pp 91115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
55.Khan, K. and Houston, G.Design optimization using life cycle cost analysis for low operating costs, Bombardier Aerospace Downsview. Ontario, Canada, 2000.Google Scholar
56.Rupp, O.C.Vorhersage von Instandhaltungskosten bei der Auslegung ziviler Strahltriebwerke, Dissertation, Technical University of Munich. Munich, Germany, 2000.Google Scholar
57. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Engine Exhaust Emissions Databank, Doc 9646-An/943, 2014.Google Scholar
58.Plötner, K., Wesseler, P. and Phleps, P.Identification of Key Aircraft Parameters Related to Airport Charge Quantifcation, 15th Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference. Sydney, Australia, 2011.Google Scholar
59. United States Energy Information Administration, http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/leafhandler.ashx?n=PET&s=EER_EPJK_PF4_RGC_DPG&f=D, accessed September 2014.Google Scholar
60. Air Transport Association Of America (ATA). ATA Specification 100 – Specification for Manufacturers’ Technical Data, Revision No. 37, 1999.Google Scholar
61.Stückl, S., Bijewitz, J., Seitz, A., Isikveren, A.T., Godard, J.-L., Mirzoyan, A., Bord, A.-D., Brodersen, O., Sieber, J., Stuhlberger, J. and van Toor, J. DisPURSAL D1.2 – Report on the Technology Roadmap for 2035, Report D1.2, DisPURSAL Project, Grant Agreement No. 323013, European Commission Directorate General for Research and Innovation, 31 January 2015.Google Scholar
62. DisPURSAL Project public website, http://www.dispursal.eu/, accessed April 2015.Google Scholar