Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T13:20:57.105Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Benefit and performance impact analysis of using hydrogen fuel cell powered e-taxi system on A320 class airliner

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2019

J. A. Stockford ,
C. Lawson  and
Z. Liu
J. A. Stockford*
Affiliation:
Cranfield University, Cranfield, BedfordshireUnited Kingdom
C. Lawson
Affiliation:
Cranfield University, Cranfield, BedfordshireUnited Kingdom
Z. Liu
Affiliation:
Cranfield University, Cranfield, BedfordshireUnited Kingdom
*
*[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper presents the work carried out to evaluate the benefits and performance impacts of introducing a hydrogen fuel cell powered electric taxiing system to a conventional short-haul aircraft. Tasks carried out in this research and reported in this paper include the initial system design, hydrogen tank initial sizing, calculation of the impact on fuel burn and emissions and the evaluation of the effects on Direct Operating Cost (DOC). The Airbus A320 has been selected as the datum aircraft for sizing the system, and the benefits analysis is particularly focused on the fleet composition and financial data of a Europe-based, low-cost, large-scale A320 family operator in 2016. The maximum power capacity of 400 kW has been sized based on the rolling friction coefficient of 0.02. Based on the operator’s 2016 financial, up to 1% fuel reduction can be achieved using the proposed system and the reduction in total maintenance cost is expected to be up to 7.3%. Additionally, up to 5.97% net profit improvement is estimated in comparison with the annual after-tax profit of the datum operator in 2016.

Keywords

Electric taxiing systemGreen taxiing systemHydride aircraftPowered landing gearDOC reductionMore efficient aircraft
Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 123 , Issue 1261 , March 2019 , pp. 378 - 397
Copyright
© Royal Aeronautical Society 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Safran and Honeywell. Electric Green Taxiing System, Safran and Honeywell, 2013.Google Scholar
2. Schäfer, A.W., Evans, A.D., Reynolds, T.G. and Dray, L. Costs of mitigating CO2 emissions from passenger aircraft, Nature Climate Change, 2015, 6, (4), pp 412–417.Google Scholar
3. Swedish, FOI APU Emissions Database, Swedish Defense Research Agency, 2009.Google Scholar
4. Carey, B. Honeywell, Safran Demo Electric Taxiing System For Airlines, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2013-06-18/honeywell-safran-demo-electric-taxiing-system-airlines. [Accessed 27 Feburary 2018].Google Scholar
5. Cox, I. WheelTug system, savings & business overview,” 8 April 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.marketforce.eu.com/base/events/documentation/getDocument/document_id/632/id/19. [Accessed 27 Feburary 2018].Google Scholar
6. Hospodka, J. Cost-benefit analysis of electric taxi systems for aircraft, J Air Transport Management, 2014, 39, pp 81–88.Google Scholar
7. Airbus. Getting to grips with A320 family performance retention and fuel savings, Airbus, BLAGNAC Cedex, 2008.Google Scholar
8. Ackert, S. Basics of Aircraft Maintenance Reserve Development and Management, Aircraft Monitor, 2012.Google Scholar
9. Ackert, S. Engine maintenance concepts for financiers, Aircraft Monitor, 2011.Google Scholar
10. EUROCONTROL. EUROCONTROL CODA, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/coda-publications. [Accessed 18 December 2016].Google Scholar
11. EasyJet. A319/A320 Flight Crew Operating Manual, EasyJet, 2012.Google Scholar
12. Planespotters. Easyjet Fleet Details and History, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Easyjet. [Accessed 09 January 2017.Google Scholar
13. MarketLine. COMPANY PROFILE: easyJet plc, MarketLine, London, 2016.Google Scholar
14. OAG. Airlines monthly OTP, OAG, 2016.Google Scholar
15. EasyJet. Results for the year ending 30 September 2016, EasyJet, Luton, 2016.Google Scholar
16. Flightradar24. Flight history for EasyJet flight U28571, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/u28571. [Accessed 11 January 2017].Google Scholar
17. ESDU. Calculation of ground performance in take-off and landing, ESDU, 1985.Google Scholar
18. Currey, N. S. Aircraft landing gear design: principles and practices, 1988 1 ed., American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
19. Parks, E. Training Notes for A319/320/321, American Airlines, 2017.Google Scholar
20. TaxiBot. The world’s only certified and operational Taxiing alternative, 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.taxibot-international.com/concept. [Accessed 5 November 2017].Google Scholar
21. FAA. Towbar and Towbarless Movement of Aircraft, 27 Augest 2009. [Online]. Available: https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC%2000-65.pdf. [Accessed 29 October 2016].Google Scholar
22. Gubisch, M. IN FOCUS: manufacturers aim for electric taxi EIS by 2016, FlightGlobal, 21 February 2012.Google Scholar
23. Intelligent Energy. 100kW EC Automotive Fuel Cell System Data Sheet, Intelligent Energy Limited, Loughborough, 2015.Google Scholar
24. U.S. DRIVE. Fuel Cell Technical Team Roadmap, U.S. Department of energy, 2013.Google Scholar
25. Martinez, I. Aircraft environmental control, 1995. [Online]. Available: http://webserver.dmt.upm.es/~isidoro/tc3/Aircraft%20ECS.pdf. [Accessed 29 November 2018].Google Scholar
26. Bougad, H. Feasibility Study of a Fuel Cell Powered Green Taxiing System on Conventional A230 Class Airliner, Cranfield University, 2017, Bedford.Google Scholar
27. Ganev, E., Chiang, C., Fizer, L. and Johnson, E. Electric drives for electric green taxiing systems, SAE Int J Aerospace, 2016, 9, (1), pp 62–73.Google Scholar
28. Fusalba, F. Key Drivers for Aerospace Batteries. Today and Future Aircrafts Electrically Powered, 26 March 2015. [Online]. Available: https://sunjet-project.eu/sites/default/files/CEA-Fusalba.pdf. [Accessed 29 November 2018].Google Scholar
29. Airbus. ICAO Seminar/Workshop, Airbus, Brasilia, 2017.Google Scholar
30. Fleuti, E. and Maraini, S. Taxi-Emissions at Zurich Airport – Calculation Analysis and Opportunities, Flughafen Zürich AG, 2017, Zurich.Google Scholar
31. Yılmaz, İ. Emissions from passenger aircrafts at Kayseri Airport, Turkey, J Air Transport Management, 2017, 58, pp 176–182.Google Scholar
32. ICAO. ICAO Engine Exhaust Emissions Databank, ICAO, 2013.Google Scholar
33. Penner, J. E., Lister, D., Griggs, D. J., McFarland, M. and Dokken, D. J. Aviation and the Global Atmosphere: A Special Report of IPCC Working Groups I and III, The Press Syndicate of The Cambridge University, 1999, Cambridge, p 235.Google Scholar
34. Fuel cell technologies office. Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan, U.S. Department of Energy, 2012.Google Scholar
35. IEA. Hydrogen Production & Distribution, IEA, 2007.Google Scholar
36. MacDonald, P. EU Carbon Price Falls Below €4, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://sandbag.org.uk/2016/09/02/eu-carbon-price-falls-below-e4-2/. [Accessed 28 December 2016].Google Scholar
37. McCreary, I. The economic cost, Insight SRI, 2008, London.Google Scholar
38. Santo, G. D. Proper Operation of Carbon Brakes, Puerto Vallarta, 2001.Google Scholar
39. Su, J. M., Xiao, Z. C., Liu, Y. Q., Meng, F. C., Peng, Z. G., Gu, L. M., Li, G. F. and Xing, R. P. Preparation and characterization of carbon/carbon aircraft brake materials with long service life and good frictional properties, New Carbon Materials, 2010, 25, (5), pp 329–334.Google Scholar
40. Kern, T. Inside the American Airlines Wheel & Brake Center, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.aviationpros.com/article/10361574/mro-operations-inside-the-american-airlines-wheel-brake-center. [Accessed 04 January 2017.Google Scholar
41. Allen, T., Miller, T. and Preston, E. Operational Advantages of Carbon Brakes, 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/articles/qtr_03_09/pdfs/AERO_Q309_article05.pdf. [Accessed 02 January 2017].Google Scholar
42. ACRP. Handbook for Evaluating Emissions and Cost of APUs and Alternative Systems, 1st ed, Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 2012.Google Scholar