Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T08:04:24.113Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Aerodynamic effectiveness of the flow of exhaust gases in a generic formula one car configuration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2016

F. L. Parra  and
K. Kontis
F. L. Parra
Affiliation:
University of Manchester, School of MACE, Manchester, UK
K. Kontis
Affiliation:
University of Manchester, School of MACE, Manchester, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effects of the flow of exhaust gases intentionally orientated on the rear wing element of a generic Formula One car body have been studied. A qualitative analysis of the effectiveness of a cold nitrogen jet on a NACA 0012 type of aerofoil has been conducted. The Reynolds number of the jet was 13,000, based on the jet velocity and diameter, and of the bodywork was 54,000, based on the free stream velocity and bodywork length. The lift coefficient was measured via a three-component strain-gauge force balance at four different ground-to-aerofoil heights (32, 45, 60 and 90mm) and incidence range –20 to +20 degrees. The surface flow patterns were visualised using the oil flow technique and were compared with numerical simulations. Pressure measurements were conducted using pressure tappings. The CFD solver was FLUENT. The RNG k-ε model was selected to solve the turbulent flow transport equations. The numerical study also comprised the investigation of the aspiration generated by exhaust gases when these are ejected inside a duct of greater diameter. A parametric investigation relating the relative diameter of exhaust pipe and outer duct and the relative overlap between the sides of the duct and the exhaust pipe was performed.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 110 , Issue 1111 , September 2006 , pp. 573 - 587
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2006 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Holman, J.P., Heat Transfer, 8th edition, McGraw-Hill, USA, 1997, Chaps 1, 5.Google Scholar
2. Mi, J. and Nathan, G.J., Effect of small vortex-generators on scalar mixing in the developing region of a turbulent jet, Int J Heat and Mass Transfer, 1999, 42, pp 3919–3926.Google Scholar
3. Rahai, H.R. and Wong, T.W., Flow field characteristics of turbulent jets from round tubes with coil inserts, Applied Thermal Engineering, 2002, 22, pp 1037–1045.Google Scholar
4. Hilgers, A. and Boersma, B.J., Optimization of turbulent jet mixing, Fluid Dynamics Research, 2001, 29, pp 345–368.Google Scholar
5. Rahai, H.R., Vu, H.T. and Shojaee Fard, M.H., Mixing enhancement using a coil insert, Applied Thermal Engineering, 2001, 21, pp 303–309.Google Scholar
6. Reynier, P. and Minh, H.H., Numerical prediction of unsteady compressible coaxial jets, Computers and Fluids, 1998, 27, (2), pp 239–254.Google Scholar
7. Riffat, S.B., Gan, G. and Smith, S., Computational fluid dynamics applied to ejector heat pumps, Applied Thermal Engrg, 1996, 16, (4), pp 291–297.Google Scholar
8. Huang, B.J., Chang, J.M., Wang, C.P. and Petrenko, V.A., A 1-D analysis of ejector performance, Int J Refrigeration, 1999, 22, pp 354–364 Google Scholar
9. Margason, R.J., Fifty years of cross flow research, Computational and Experimental Assessments of Jets in Cross Flow, number CP 534, 1993, AGARD.Google Scholar
10. Hussain, A.K.M.F., Coherent structures and turbulence, J Fluid Mechanics, 1996, 306, pp 111–144.Google Scholar
11. Rivero, A., Ferre, J.A. and Giralt, F., Organized motions in a jet in cross flow, J Fluid Mechanics, 2001, 444, pp 111–149.Google Scholar
12. Rudman, M., Simulation of the near field of a jet in a cross flow, Experimental, Thermal and fluid Science, 1996, 12, pp 134–141.Google Scholar
13. Demuren, A.O., Numerical calculations of steady three dimensional turbulent jets in cross flow, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 1983, 37, pp 309–328.Google Scholar
14. Fric, T.F. and Roshko, A., Vortical structure in the wake of a transverse jet, J Fluid Mechanics, 1994, 279, pp 1–47 Google Scholar
15. Andreopoulos, J. and Rodi, W., Experimental investigation of jets in a crossflow, J Fluid Mechanics, 1984, 138, pp 92–127 Google Scholar
16. Gogineni, S., Goss, L. and Roquemore, M., Manipulation of a jet in cross flow, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 16, 1998, pp 209–219 Google Scholar
17. Morton, B.R. and Ibbetson, A., Jets deflected in a crossflow, Experimental, Thermal and Fluid Science, 1996, 12, pp 112–133 Google Scholar
18. Kontis, K. and Stollery, J.L., Control effectiveness of a jet-slender body combination at hypersonic speeds, J Spacecraft and Rockets, 1997, 34, (6), pp 762–768 Google Scholar
19. http://www.fia.com/sport/Regulations/f1regs.html Google Scholar
20. Lopez-Parra, F., Vehicle Exhaust and Rear Wing Aerodynamic Interference and Optimisation Studies at Subsonic Speeds, MSc Dissertation, Mechanical, Aerospace and Manufacturing Engineering Department, UMIST, Manchester, UK, 2002.Google Scholar
21. Lada, C., Amir, M., Wong, C. and Kontis, K., Effect of dimples on glancing shock wave turbulent boundary-layer interactions, AIAA 2004-1058, 2004.Google Scholar
22. Launder, B.E., and Spalding, D.B., Lectures in Mathematical Models of Turbulence, Academic Press, London, England, UK, 1972.Google Scholar
23. Leschziner, M.A. and Drikakis, D., Turbulence modelling and turbulentflow computation in aeronautics, Aeronaut J, 2002, 106 (1061), pp 349–384.Google Scholar
24. Bosniakov, S., Experience in integrating CFD to the technology of testing models in wind tunnels, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 1998, 34, pp 391–422.Google Scholar
25. Drikakis, D. and Goldberg, U., Wall-distance-free turbulence models applied to incompressible flows, Int J of Comput Fluid Dyn, 1998, 10, pp 241–253.Google Scholar
26. Yakhot, V. and Orszag, S.A., Renormalization group analysis of turbulence: I. Basic Theory, J Scientific Computing, 1986, 1, (1), pp 1–51.Google Scholar
27. Shih, T.H., Liou, W.W., Shabbir, A., Yang, Z., and Zhu, J., A New k-ε eddy-viscosity model for high Reynolds number turbulent flows-model development and validation, Computers Fluids, 1995, 24, (3), pp 227–238.Google Scholar