Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T18:46:09.308Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Recent developments in delta wing aerodynamics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2016

I. Gursul*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK

Abstract

Recent developments in delta wing aerodynamics are reviewed. For slender delta wings, recent investigations shed more light on the unsteady aspects of shear-layer structure, vortex core, breakdown and its instabilities. For nonslender delta wings, substantial differences in the structure of vortical flow and breakdown may exist. Vortex interactions are generic to both slender and nonslender wings. Various unsteady flow phenomena may cause buffeting of wings and fins, however, vortex breakdown, vortex shedding, and shear layer reattachment are the most dominant sources. Dynamic response of vortex breakdown over delta wings in unsteady flows can be characterised by large time lags and hysteresis, whose physical mechanisms need further studies. Unusual flow–structure interactions for nonslender wings in the form of self-excited roll oscillations have been observed. Recent experiments showed that substantial lift enhancement is possible on a flexible delta wing.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2004 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Lee, M. and Ho, C-M. Lift force of delta wings, Applied Mechanics Reviews, 1990, 43, (9), pp 209221.Google Scholar
2. Werle, H. Quelques resultants experimentaux sur les ailes en fleche, aux faibles vitesses, obtenus en tunnel hydrodynamique, La Recherche Aeronautique, September-October 1954, 41.Google Scholar
3. Delery, J.M. Aspects of vortex breakdown, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 1994, 30, pp 159.Google Scholar
4. Rockwell, D. Three-dimensional flow structure on delta wings at high angle-of-attack: experimental concepts and issues, AIAA Paper 93-0550, January 1993.Google Scholar
5. Visbal, M.R. Computational and physical aspects of vortex breakdown on delta wings, AIAA Paper 95-0585, January 1995.Google Scholar
6. Gursul, I. Review of unsteady vortex flows over slender delta wings, J Aircr, in print. See also AIAA-2003-3942, AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, 2326 June 2003, Orlando, FL.Google Scholar
7. Gad-El-Hak, M. and Blackwelder, R.F. The discrete vortices from a delta wing, AIAA J, 1985, 23, pp 961962.Google Scholar
8. Gad-El-Hak, M. and Blackwelder, R.F. Control of the discrete vortices from a delta wing, AIAA J, 1987, 25, (8), pp 10421049.Google Scholar
9. Cipolla, K.M. and Rockwell, D. Small-scale vortical structures in crossflow plane of a rolling delta wing, AIAA J, 1998, 36, (12), pp 22762278.Google Scholar
10. Shih, C. and Ding, Z. Trailing-edge jet control of leading-edge vortices of a delta wing, AIAA J, 1996, 34, (7), pp 14471457.Google Scholar
11. Gordnier, R. and Visbal, M.R. Unsteady vortex structure over a delta wing, J Aircr, 1994, 31, (1), pp 243248.Google Scholar
12. Riley, A.J. and Lowson, M.V. Development of a three-dimensional free shear layer, J Fluid Mechanics, 1998, 369, pp 4989.Google Scholar
13. Mitchell, A.M. and Molton, P. Vortical substructures in the shear layers forming leading-edge vortices, AIAA J, 40, (8), 2002, pp 16891692.Google Scholar
14. Visbal, M. and Gordnier, R. On the structure of the shear layer emanating from a swept leading edge at angle-of-attack, AIAA Paper 2003-4016, June 2003.Google Scholar
15. Menke, M. and Gursul, I. Unsteady nature of leading edge vortices, Physics of Fluids, 1997, 9, (10), pp 17.Google Scholar
16. Baker, G.R., Barker, S.J., Bofah, K.K. and Saffman, P.G. Laser anemometer measurements of trailing vortices in water, J Fluid Mechanics, 1974, 65, part 2, pp 325336.Google Scholar
17. Devenport, W.J., Rife, M.C., Liapis, S.I. and Follin, G.J. The structure and development of a wing-tip vortex, J Fluid Mechanics, 1996, 312, pp 67106.Google Scholar
18. Gursul, I. and Xie, W. Origin of vortex wandering over delta wings, J Aircr, 2000, 37, (2), pp 348350.Google Scholar
19. Lambourne, N.C. and Bryer, D.W. The bursting of leading edge vortices: some observation and discussion of the phenomenon, Aeronautical Research Council, R&M 3282, 1962.Google Scholar
20. Escudier, M. Vortex breakdown: observations and explanations, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 1988, 25, pp 189229.Google Scholar
21. Hall, M.G. Vortex breakdown, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1972, 4, pp 195218.Google Scholar
22. Leibovich, S. Vortex stability and breakdown: survey and extension, AIAA J, 1984, 22, (9), pp 11921206.Google Scholar
23. Gursul, I. Criteria for location of vortex breakdown over delta wings, Aeronaut J, May 1995, 99, (985), pp 194-196.Google Scholar
24. Gursul, I. and Yang, H. Vortex breakdown over a pitching delta wing, J Fluids and Structures, 1995, 9, pp 571583.Google Scholar
25. Gursul, I. Unsteady flow phenomena over delta wings at high angle-of-attack, AIAA J, February 1994, 32, (2), pp 225231.Google Scholar
26. Garg, A.K. and Leibovich, S. Spectral characteristics of vortex breakdown flowfields, Physics of Fluids, 1979, 22, (11), pp 20532064.Google Scholar
27. Towfighi, J. and Rockwell, D. instantaneous structure of vortex breakdown on a pitching delta wing, AIAA J, 1993, 31, (7), pp 11601162.Google Scholar
28. Jumper, E.J., Nelson, R.C. and Cheung, K. A simple criterion for vortex breakdown, AIAA-93-0866, 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 11-14 January 1993, Reno, NV.Google Scholar
29. Earnshaw, P.B. and Lawford, J.A. Low-speed wind-tunnel experiments on a series of sharp-edged delta wings, ARC Reports and Memoranda No 3424, March 1964.Google Scholar
30. Wentz, W.H. and Kohlman, D.L. Vortex breakdown on slender sharp-edged wings, J Aircr, March 1971, 8, (3), pp 156161.Google Scholar
31. Ol, M.V. and Gharib, M. leading-edge vortex structure of nonslender delta wings at low Reynolds number, AIAA J, January 2003, 41, (1), pp 1626.Google Scholar
32. Gursul, I., Taylor, G. and Wooding, C. Vortex flows over fixed-wing micro air vehicles, AIAA 2002-0698, 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 14-17 January 2002, Reno, NV.Google Scholar
33. Taylor, G.S., Schnorbus, T. and Gursul, I. An Investigation of vortex flows over low sweep delta wings, AIAA-2003-4021, AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, 23-26 June 2003, Orlando, FL.Google Scholar
34. Gordnier, R.E. and Visbal, M.R. Higher-order compact difference scheme applied to the simulation of a low sweep delta wing flow, AIAA 2003-0620, 41st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 6-9 January 2003, Reno, NV.Google Scholar
35. Taylor, G. and Gursul, I. Unsteady vortex flows and buffeting of a low sweep delta wing, AIAA-2004-1066, 42nd Aeropsace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 3-8 January 2004, Reno, Nevada. See also, Taylor, G.S. and Gursul, I. Buffeting flows over a low-sweep delta wing, AIAA J, in print.Google Scholar
36. Gursul, I. and Yang, H. On fluctuations of vortex breakdown location, Physics of Fluids, 7, (1), 1995, pp 229231.Google Scholar
37. Menke, M., Yang, H., and Gursul, I. Experiments on the unsteady nature of vortex breakdown over delta wings, Experiments in Fluids, 1999, 27, (3), pp 262272.Google Scholar
38. Mitchell, A.M., Barberis, D. and Delery, J. Oscillation of vortex breakdown location and its control by tangential blowing, AIAA Paper 98-2914, 1998.Google Scholar
39. Lambert, C. and Gursul, I. Insensitivity of unsteady vortex interactions to Reynolds number, AIAA J, 2000, 38, (5), pp 937939.Google Scholar
40. GRAY, J.M., Gursul, I., and Butler, R. Aeroelastic response of a flexible delta wing due to unsteady vortex flows, AIAA-2003-1106, 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 6-9 January 2003, Reno, Nevada.Google Scholar
41. Stahl, W.H. and Asghar, A. Change of asymmetric vortex-flow pattern as function of Reynolds number and incidence behind circular cone, AIAA Paper 96-3389, 1996.Google Scholar
42. Huang, M.K. and Chow, C.Y. Stability of leading-edge vortex pair on a slender delta wing, AIAA J, 1996, 34, (6), pp 11821187.Google Scholar
43. Menke, M. and Gursul, I. Nonlinear response of vortex breakdown over a pitching delta wing, J Aircr, 1999, 36, (3), pp 496500.Google Scholar
44. Rediniotis, O.K., Stapountzis, H. and Telionis, D.P. Vortex shedding over delta wings, AIAA J, 1990, 28, (5), pp 944946.Google Scholar
45. Rediniotis, O.K., Stapountzis, H. and Telionis, D.P. Periodic vortex shedding over delta wings, AIAA J, 1993, 31, pp 15551562.Google Scholar
46. Gursul, I. and Xie, W. Buffeting flows over delta wings, AIAA J, 1999, 37, (1), pp 5865.Google Scholar
47. Mabey, D.G. Beyond the buffet boundary, Aeronaut J, April 1973, 77, pp 201215.Google Scholar
48. Gordnier, R.E. and Visbal, M.R. Computation of the aeroelastic response of a flexible delta wing at high angles-of-attack, AIAA-2003-1728.Google Scholar
49. Canbazoglu, S., Lin, J.C., Wolfe, S. and Rockwell, D. Buffeting of fins: distortion of incident vortex, AIAA J, November 1995, 33, (11), pp 21442150.Google Scholar
50. Mayori, A. and Rockwell, D. Interaction of a streamwise vortex with a thin plate: a source of turbulent buffeting, AIAA J, October 1994, 32, (10), pp 20222029.Google Scholar
51. Wolfe, S., Canbazoglu, S., Lin, J.C. and Rockwell, D. Buffeting of fins: an assessment of surface pressure loading, AIAA J, 1995, 33, (11), pp 22322234.Google Scholar
52. Wolfe, S., Lin, J.C. and Rockwell, D. Buffeting at the leading-edge of a flat plate due to a streamwise vortex: flow structure and surface pressure loading, J Fluids and Structures, 1995, 9, pp 359370.Google Scholar
53. Patel, M.H. and Hancock, G.J. Some experimental results of the effect of a streamwise vortex on a two-dimensional wing, Aeronaut J, April 1974, 78, pp 151155.Google Scholar
54. Gordnier, R.E. and Visbal, M.R. Numerical simulation of the impingment of a streamwise vortex on a plate, AIAA-97-1781, 28th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, 29 June-2 July 1997, Snowmass Village, CO.Google Scholar
55. Gursul, I. and Xie, W. Interaction of vortex breakdown with an oscillating fin, AIAA J, 2001, 39, (3), pp 438446.Google Scholar
56. Bean, D.E., Greenwell, D.I, and Wood, N.J. Vortex control technique for the attenuation of fin buffet, J Aircr, 1993, 30, (6), pp 847853.Google Scholar
57. Lambert, C. and Gursul, I. Characteristics of fin buffeting over delta wings, J Fluids and Structures, in print.Google Scholar
58. Phillips, S., Lambert, C. and Gursul, I. Effect of a trailing-edge jet on fin buffeting, J Aircr, 2003, 40, (3), pp 590599.Google Scholar
59. Maltby, R.L., Engler, P.B. and Keating, R.F.A. Some exploratory measurements of leading-edge vortex positions on a delta wing oscillating in heave, Aeronautical Research Council, R&M 3410, July 1963.Google Scholar
60. Lambourne, N.C., Bryer, D.W. and Maybrey, J.F.M. The behaviour of the leading-edge vortices over a delta wing following a sudden change of incidence, Aeronautical Research Council, R&M 3645, March 1969.Google Scholar
61. Gad-El-Hak, M. and Ho, C.M. The pitching delta wing, AIAA J, 1985, 23, (11), pp 16601665.Google Scholar
62. Atta, R. and Rockwell, D. Hysteresis of vortex development and breakdown on an oscillating delta wing, AIAA J, 1987, 25, (11), pp 15121513.Google Scholar
63. Atta, R. and Rockwell, D. Leading-edge vortices due to low Reynolds number flow past a pitching delta wing, AIAA J, June 1990, 28, (6), pp 9951004.Google Scholar
64. Lemay, S.P., Batill, S.M. and Nelson, R.C. Vortex dynamics on a pitching delta wing, J Aircr, February 1990, 27, (2), pp 131138.Google Scholar
65. Visbal, M.R. Onset of vortex breakdown above a pitching delta wing, AIAA J, August 1994, 32, (8), pp 15681575.Google Scholar
66. Greenwell, D.I. and Wood, N.J. Some observations on the dynamic response to wing motion of the vortex burst phenomenon, Aeronaut J, February 1994, 98, (972), pp 4959.Google Scholar
67. Srinivas, S., Gursul, I. and Batta, G. Active control of vortex breakdown over delta wings, AIAA 94-2215, 25th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, 20-23 June 1994, Colorado Springs, CO.Google Scholar
68. Deng, Q. and Gursul, I. Vortex breakdown over a delta wing with oscillating leading edge flaps, Experiments in Fluids, 1997, 23, pp 347352.Google Scholar
69. Yang, H. and Gursul, I. Vortex breakdown over unsteady delta wings and its control, AIAA J, 1997, 35, (3), pp 571574.Google Scholar
70. Taylor, G. Support Interference in Oscillatory Dynamic Tunnel Testing, PhD Thesis, 2003, University of Bath, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
71. Gursul, I. Proposed mechanism for time lag of vortex breakdown location in unsteady flows, J Aircr, 2000, 37, (4), pp 733736.Google Scholar
72. Taylor, G., Gursul, I. and Greenwell, D.I. An investigation of support interference in high angle-of-attack testing, J Aircr, 2003, 40, (1), pp 143152.Google Scholar
73. Gursul, I. and Ho, C-M. Vortex breakdown over delta wings in unsteady freestream, AIAA J, February 1994, 32, (2), pp 433436.Google Scholar
74. Gursul, I. and Ho, C-M. Vortex breakdown over delta wings in unsteady freestream, AIAA-93-0555, 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 11-14 January 1993, Reno, NV.Google Scholar
75. Arena, A.S. and Nelson, R.C. experimental investigation on limit cycle wing rock of slender wings, J Aircr, September-October 1994, 31, (5), pp 11481155.Google Scholar
76. Hüschler, S. Wing rock of nonslender delta wings, Research Project Report, University of Bath, June 2003.Google Scholar
77. Mcclain, A. Aerodynamics of Nonslender Delta Wings, MPhil Thesis, University of Bath, Department of Mechanical Engineering, March 2004.Google Scholar
78. Gordnier, R. and Melville, R. Physical mechanisms for limit-cycle oscillations of a cropped delta wings, AIAA Paper 99-3796, June 1999.Google Scholar
79. Taylor, G.S. and Gursul, I. Lift enhancement over a flexible delta Wing, AIAA-2004-2618, AIAA Flow Control Conference, June 2004, Portland, Oregon.Google Scholar