Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T07:53:06.545Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Association of social anxiety with stigmatisation and low self-esteem in remitted bipolar patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 June 2014

Omer Aydemir  and
Cengiz Akkaya
Omer Aydemir*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
Cengiz Akkaya
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
*
Omer Aydemir, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Hastanesi Psikiyatri Klinigi, Manisa 45010, Turkey. Tel: +90-236-2350357; Fax: +90-236-2350357; E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Aydemir O, Akkaya C. Association of social anxiety with stigmatisation and low self-esteem in remitted bipolar patients.

Background: In remitted bipolar disorder, it is aimed to show the association between social anxiety, self-esteem and stigmatisation.

Methods: From two university clinics, a sample of 150 remitted bipolar patients was included in this study. Patients were assessed with Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and sense of stigmatisation subscale of Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnaire (Stigma) and were rated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale for mood symptoms. Confirmatory path analysis was performed.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 39.5, and 52.7% (n = 79) were female. Ninety per cent (n = 135) of the patients had bipolar I disorder. The mean duration of the illness was 13.4 years and the mean number of episodes was 7.8. The model was subjected to confirmatory path analysis and the goodness-of-fit index was calculated to be 0.909, the confirmatory fit index was found to be 0.902 and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.097. Self-esteem was negatively associated with stigmatisation (r = −0.746). Social anxiety was positively associated with self-esteem (r = 0.494). Social anxiety was negatively associated with stigmatisation (r = −0.381).

Conclusions: In remitted bipolar patients, social anxiety is very high and this social anxiety seems to be caused by self-stigmatisation and low self-esteem.

Keywords

bipolar disorderself-esteemsocial anxietystigmatisation
Type
Research Article
Information
Acta Neuropsychiatrica , Volume 23 , Issue 5 , October 2011 , pp. 224 - 228
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Simon, NM, Otto, MW, Wisniewski, SR et al. Anxiety disorder comorbidity in bipolar disorder patients: data from the first 500 participants in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD). Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:2222–2229. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Tamam, L, Ozpoyraz, N. Comorbidity of anxiety disorder among patients with bipolar I disorder in remission. Psychopathology 2002;35:203–209. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Pini, S, Maser, JD, Dell'Osso, L et al. Social anxiety disorder comorbidity in patients with bipolar disorder: a clinical replication. J Anxiety Disord 2006;20:1148–1157. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4. Graystone, HJ, Garner, MJ, Baldwin, DS. Social anxiety symptoms across diagnoses among outpatients attending a tertiary care mood and anxiety disorders service. J Affect Disord 2009;114:305–309. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5. Himmelhoch, JM. Social anxiety, hypomania and the bipolar spectrum: data, theory and clinical issues. J Affect Disord 1998;50:203–213. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Valença, AM, Nardi, AE, Nascimento, I et al. Do social anxiety disorder patients belong to a bipolar spectrum subgroup? J Affect Disord 2005;86:11–18. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7. Perlick, DA, Rosenheck, RA, Clarkin, JF et al. Stigma as a barrier to recovery: adverse effects of perceived stigma on social adaptation of persons diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder. Psychiatr Serv 2001;52:1627–1632. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Link, BG, Struening, EL, Neese-Todd, S, Asmussen, S, Phelan, JC. Stigma as a barrier to recovery: the consequences of stigma for the self-esteem of people with mental illnesses. Psychiatr Serv 2001;52:1621–1626. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. Serretti, A, Olgiati, P, Colombo, C. Components of self-esteem in affective patients and non-psychiatric controls. J Affect Disord 2005;88:93–98. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10. Aydemir, O, Deveci, A, Icelli, I. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the structured ınterview guide for Hamilton Depression Rating Scale seasonal affective disorder. Psychiatry Turkey 2006;8:18–21. Google Scholar
11. Karadag, F, Oral, ET, Yalcin, AF, Erten, E. Reliability and validity of Turkish translation of Young Mania Rating Scale. Turk Psikiyatr Derg 2002;13:107–114. Google ScholarPubMed
12. Liebowitz, MR. Social phobia. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry 1987;22:141–173. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13. Heimberg, RG, Horner, KJ, Juster, HR et al. Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Psychol Med 1999;29:199–212. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14. Soykan, C, Ozguven, HD, Gencoz, T. Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: the Turkish version. Psychol Rep 2003;93: 1059–1069. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Rosenberg, M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Cuhadaroglu, F. Self-esteem in adolescents. PhD Thesis. Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, 1986.Google Scholar
17. Aydemir, O, Eren, I, Savas, H et al. Development of a questionnaire to assess inter-episode functioning in bipolar disorder: Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnaire. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2007;18:344–352. Google ScholarPubMed
18. Hintermair, M. Parental resources, parental stress, and socioemotional development of deaf and hard of hearing children. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 2006;11:493–513. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19. Aydemir, O. Attitudes and stigmatization towards bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Psychol Psychopharmacol 2004;12(Suppl. 3):61–64. Google Scholar
20. Morselli, PL, Elgie, R. Gamian-Europe/Beam survey I – global analysis of a patient questionnaire circulated to 3450 members of 12 European advocacy groups operating in the field of mood disorders. Bipolar Disord 2003;5:265–278. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21. Camp, DL, Ginlay, WM, Lyons, E. Is low self-esteem an inevitable consequence of stigma? An example from women with chronic mental health problems. Sos Sci Med 2002;55:823–834. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22. Hayward, P, Wong, G, Bright, JA, Lam, D. Stigma and self-esteem in manic depression: an exploratory study. J Affect Disord 2002;69:61–67. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23. Link, BG, Phelan, JC, Bresnahan, M, Stueve, A, Pescosolido, BA. Public conceptions of mental illness: labels, causes, dangerousness, and social distance. Am J Public Health 1999;89:1328–1333. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Tanner, RJ, Stopa, L, De Houwer, J. Implicit views of the self in social anxiety. Behav Res Ther 2006;44:1397–1409. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed