Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T06:24:30.623Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Peripheral interleukin-6 promotes resilience versus susceptibility to inescapable electric stress

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 May 2015

Chun Yang ,
Yukihiko Shirayama ,
Ji-Chun Zhang ,
Qian Ren  and
Kenji Hashimoto
Chun Yang
Affiliation:
Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
Yukihiko Shirayama
Affiliation:
Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
Ji-Chun Zhang
Affiliation:
Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
Qian Ren
Affiliation:
Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
Kenji Hashimoto*
Affiliation:
Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
*
Dr. Kenji Hashimoto, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. Tel: +81 43 226 2517; Fax: +81 43 226 2561; E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective

Accumulating evidences suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. In the learned helplessness (LH) paradigm, ~35% rats are resilient to inescapable stress.

Methods

Levels of IL-6 in the serum and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of LH rats (susceptible) and non-LH rats (resilience) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis, respectively.

Results

Serum levels of IL-6 in the LH rats were significantly higher than those of control and non-LH rats. In contrast, tissue levels of IL-6 in the mPFC were not different among three groups.

Conclusion

The results suggest that peripheral IL-6 may contribute to resilience versus susceptibility to inescapable stress.

Keywords

interleukin-6 (IL-6)learned helplessnessresiliencesusceptible
Type
Short Communications
Information
Acta Neuropsychiatrica , Volume 27 , Issue 5 , October 2015 , pp. 312 - 316
Check for updates
Copyright
© Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Feder, A, Nestler, EJ, Charney, DS. Psychobiology and molecular genetics of resilience. Nat Rev Neurosci 2009;10:446–457.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Russo, SJ, Murrough, JW, Han, MH, Charney, DS, Nestler, EJ. Neurobiology of resilience. Nat Neurosci 2012;15:1475–1484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Southwick, SM, Vythilingam, M, Charney, DS. The psychobiology of depression and resilience to stress: implications for prevention and treatment. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2005;1:255–291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4. Yang, C, Shirayama, Y, Zhang, JC, Ren, Q, Hashimoto, K. Regional differences in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and dendritic spine density confer resilience to inescapable stress. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015;18:pyu121.Google Scholar
5. Dantzer, R, O’Connor, JC, Freund, GG, Johnson, RW, Kelly, KW. From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2008;9:46–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Raison, CL, Lowry, CA, Rook, GA. Inflammation, sanitation, and consternation: loss of contact with coevolved, tolerogenic microorganisms and the pathophysiology and treatment of major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010;67:1211–1224.Google Scholar
7. Young, JJ, Bruno, D, Pomara, N. A review of the relationship between proinflammatory cytokines and major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2014;169:15–20.Google Scholar
8. Dowlati, Y, Herrmann, N, Swardfager, W et al. A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2010;67:446–457.Google Scholar
9. Black, C, Miller, BJ. Meta-analysis of cytokines and chemokines in suicidality: distinguishing suicidal versus nonsuicidal patients. Biol Psychiatry 2015; doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.014 [Epub ahead of print].Google Scholar
10. Muneoka, K, Shirayama, Y, Horio, M, Iyo, M, Hashimoto, K. Differential levels of brain amino acids in rat models presenting learned helplessness or non-learned helplessness. Psychopharmacology 2013;226:63–71.Google Scholar
11. Shirayama, Y, Muneoka, K, Fukumoto, M et al. Infusions of allopregnanolone into the hippocampus and amygdala, but not into the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex, produce antidepressant effects on the learned helplessness rats. Hippocampus 2011;21:1105–1113.Google Scholar
12. Hodes, GE, Pfau, ML, Leboeuf, M et al. Individual differences in the peripheral immune system promote resilience versus susceptibility to social stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2014;111:16136–16141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13. Yang, JJ, Wang, N, Yang, C, Shi, JY, Yu, HY, Hashimoto, K. Serum interleukin-6 is a predictive biomarker for ketamine’s antidepressant effect in treatment-resistant patients with major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2015;77:e19–e20.Google Scholar
14. Virtanen, M, Shipley, MJ, Batty, DG et al. Interleukin-6 as a predictor of symptom resolution in psychological distress: a cohort study. Psychol Med 2015;20:1–8. [Epub ahead of print].Google Scholar
15. Agudelo, LZ, Femenia, T, Orhan, F et al. Skeletal muscle PGC-1α1 modulates kynurenine metabolism and mediates resilience to stress-induced depression. Cell 2014;159:33–45.Google Scholar
16. Schwarcz, R, Bruno, JP, Muchowski, PJ, Wu, HQ. Kynurenines in the mammalian brain: when physiology meets pathology. Nat Rev Neurosci 2012;13:465–477.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17. Hashimoto, K. Inflammatory biomarkers as differential predictors of antidepressant response. Int J Mol Sci 2015;16:7796–7801.Google Scholar
18. Shetty, A, Hanson, R, Korsten, P et al. Tocilizumab in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and beyond. Drug Des Dev Ther 2014;8:349–364.Google ScholarPubMed