Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vpsfw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-21T02:09:44.622Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

When Governments Lobby Governments

The Institutional Origins of Intergovernmental Persuasion in America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2022

Youlang Zhang
Affiliation:
Renmin University of China, Beijing

Summary

Why are some subnational governments more likely to lobby the national government than others? Extant research in social sciences has widely discussed lobbying dynamics in the private sector. However, governments lobby governments, too. In the United States, lobbying is a popular strategy for state and local governments to obtain resources from and influence policies in the federal government. Nevertheless, extant research offers limited theoretical analysis or empirical evidence on this phenomenon. This Element provides a comprehensive study of intergovernmental lobbying activities in the United States and, in particular, an institutional analysis of the lobbying decisions of state and local governments. The study findings contribute to public administration, public policy, and political science literature by offering theoretical and empirical insights into the institutional factors that might influence subnational policymaking, fiscal resource management, intergovernmental relations, and democratic representation.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781009104180
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 15 December 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abramoff, Jack. 2011. Capitol Punishment: The Hard Truth about Washington Corruption from America’s Most Notorious Lobbyist. Washington, DC: WND.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, Daron, Gallego, Francisco A., and Robinson, James A.. 2014. Institutions, Human Capital, and Development. Annual Review of Economics 6(1): 875912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akaike, Hirotugu. 1974. A New Look at the Statistical Model Identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 19: 716723.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akiashvili, Lela, Butt, Humna, Ferrell, Kirbie et al. 2018. Lobbying After Federal Service: The Revolving Door, Shadow Lobbying, and Cooling Off Periods for Former Government Officials. 2017–2018 CRS Consulting Capstone Team (Advisor: Deborah L. Kerr), The Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University. http://bush.tamu.edu/psaa/capstones/2018/CRS%20Exec%20Branch%20Lobbying%20Capstone%20Final%20Report%202017-2018.pdfGoogle Scholar
Alesina, Alberto and Tabellini, Guido. 2007. Bureaucrats or Politicians? Part I: A Single Policy Task. American Economic Review 97(1): 169179.Google Scholar
Alesina, Alberto and Tabellini, Guido. 2008. Bureaucrats or Politicians? Part II: Multiple Policy Tasks. Journal of Public Economics 92 (3–4): 426447.Google Scholar
Ammons, David N. and Bosse, Matthew J.. 2005. Tenure of City Managers: Examining the Dual Meanings of “Average Tenure.State and Local Government Review 37(1): 6171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arellano, Manuel and Bond, Stephen. 1991. Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and An Application to Employment Equations. The Review of Economic Studies 58(2): 277297.Google Scholar
Barber, Michael and Dynes, Adam M.. 2019. City‐State Ideological Incongruence and Municipal Preemption. American Journal of Political Science. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ajps.12655Google Scholar
Bardhan, Pranab. 2002. Decentralization of Governance and Development. Journal of Economic Perspectives 16(4): 185205.Google Scholar
Baumgartner, Frank R., Berry, Jeffrey M., Marie Hojnacki, Beth L. Leech, and Kimball, David C.. 2009. Lobbying and Policy Change: Who Wins, Who Loses, and Why. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, Frances Stokes and Berry, William D.. 1990. State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations: An Event History Analysis. American Political Science Review 84(2): 395415.Google Scholar
Berry, William D., Berkman, Michael B., and Schneiderman, Stuart. 2000. Legislative Professionalism and Incumbent Reelection: The Development of Institutional Boundaries. American Political Science Review 94(4): 859874.Google Scholar
Berry, William D., Fording, Richard C., Ringquist, Evan J., Hanson, Russell L., and Klarner, Carl E.. 2010. Measuring Citizen and Government Ideology in the US States: A Re-Appraisal. State Politics & Policy Quarterly 10(2): 117135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertelli, Anthony M. and John, Peter. 2013. Public Policy Investment: Risk and Return in British Politics. British Journal of Political Science 43(4): 741773.Google Scholar
Bertrand, Marianne, Bombardini, Matilde, and Trebbi, Francesco. 2014. Is It Whom You Know or What You Know? An Empirical Assessment of the Lobbying Process. American Economic Review 104(12): 38853920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Besley, Timothy and Coate, Stephen. 2003. Centralized versus Decentralized Provision of Local Public Goods: A Political Economy Approach. Journal of Public Economics 87(12): 26112637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borisov, Alexander, Goldman, Eitan, and Gupta, Nandini. 2016. The Corporate Value of (Corrupt) Lobbying. The Review of Financial Studies 29(4): 10391071.Google Scholar
Bowen, Daniel C. and Greene, Zachary. 2014. Should We Measure Professionalism with An Index? A Note on Theory and Practice in State Legislative Professionalism Research. State Politics & Policy Quarterly 14(3): 277296.Google Scholar
Box‐Steffensmeier, Janet M., Christenson, Dino P., and Craig, Alison W.. 2019. Cue‐Taking in Congress: Interest Group Signals from Dear Colleague Letters. American Journal of Political Science 63(1): 163180.Google Scholar
Brooks, Glenn E. 1961. When Governors Convene: The Governors’ Conference and National Politics. Baltimore, MA: Johns Hopkins Press.Google Scholar
Bueno, Natalia. 2021. The Timing of Public Policies: Political Budget Cycles and Credit Claiming. American Journal of Political Science. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ajps.12688CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cammisa, Anne Marie. 1995. Governments as Interest Groups: Intergovernmental Lobbying and the Federal System. Westport, CT: Praeger.Google Scholar
Capoccia, Giovanni and Daniel Kelemen, R.. 2007. The Study of Critical Junctures: Theory, Narrative, and Counterfactuals in Historical Institutionalism. World Politics 59(3): 341369.Google Scholar
Carr, Jered B. 2015. What Have We Learned about the Performance of Council‐Manager Government? A Review and Synthesis of the Research. Public Administration Review 75(5): 673689.Google Scholar
Carreri, Maria and Payson, Julia. 2021. What Makes a Good Local Leader? Evidence from US Mayors and City Managers. Journal of Political Institutions and Political Economy 2(2): 199225.Google Scholar
Carsey, Thomas M., Winburn, Jonathan, and Berry, William D.. 2017. Rethinking the Normal Vote, the Personal Vote, and the Impact of Legislative Professionalism in US State Legislative Elections. State Politics & Policy Quarterly 17(4): 465488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, William Roberts, Golder, Matt, and Golder, Sona N. 2017. The British Academy Brian Barry Prize Essay: An Exit, Voice, and Loyalty Model of Politics. British Journal of Political Science 47(4): 719748.Google Scholar
Clingermayer, James C. and Feiock, Richard C.. 2001. Institutional Constraints and Policy Choice: An Exploration of Local Governance. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Connolly, Jennifer M. 2016. The Impact of Local Politics on the Principal-Agent Relationship between Council and Manager in Municipal Government. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 27(2): 253268.Google Scholar
De Benedictis-Kessner, Justin and Warshaw, Christopher. 2016. Mayoral Partisanship and Municipal Fiscal Policy. Journal of Politics 78(4): 11241138.Google Scholar
John M., De Figueiredo and Richter, Brian Kelleher. 2014. Advancing the Empirical Research on Lobbying. Annual Review of Political Science 17: 163185.Google Scholar
John M., De Figueiredo and Silverman, Brian S.. 2006. Academic Earmarks and the Returns to Lobbying. The Journal of Law and Economics 49(2): 597625.Google Scholar
Dekel, Eddie, Jackson, Matthew O., and Wolinsky, Asher. 2009. Vote Buying: Legislatures and Lobbying. Quarterly Journal of Political Science 4(2): 103128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, Christopher J. and Groll, Thomas. 2020. Strategic Legislative Subsidies: Informational Lobbying and the Cost of Policy. American Political Science Review 114(1): 179205.Google Scholar
Falleti, Tulia G. and Lynch, Julia F.. 2009. Context and Causal Mechanisms in Political Analysis. Comparative Political Studies 42(9): 11431166.Google Scholar
Farkas, Suzanne. 1971. Urban Lobbying: Mayors in the Federal Arena. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Feiock, Richard C., Jeong, Moon-Gi, and Kim, Jaehoon. 2003. Credible Commitment and Council Manager Government: Implications for Policy Instrument Choices. Public Administration Review 63(5): 616625.Google Scholar
Fiorina, Morris P. and Noll, Roger G.. 1978a. Voters, Bureaucrats and Legislators: A Rational Choice Perspective on the Growth of Bureaucracy. Journal of Public Economics 9(2): 239254.Google Scholar
Fiorina, Morris P. and Noll, Roger G.. 1978b. Voters, Legislators and Bureaucracy: Institutional Design in the Public Sector. The American Economic Review 68(2): 256260.Google Scholar
Fortunato, David and Turner, Ian R.. 2018. Legislative Capacity and Credit Risk. American Journal of Political Science 62(3): 623636.Google Scholar
Gilardi, Fabrizio. 2010. Who Learns from What in Policy Diffusion Processes? American Journal of Political Science 54(3): 650666.Google Scholar
Gill, Jeff and Witko, Christopher. 2013. Bayesian Analytical Methods: A Methodological Prescription for Public Administration. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 23(2): 457494.Google Scholar
Goldstein, Rebecca and You, Hye Young. 2017. Cities as Lobbyists. American Journal of Political Science 61(4): 864876.Google Scholar
Gordon, Rebecca H. and Susman, Thomas M.. 2009. The Lobbying Manual: A Complete Guide to Federal Lobbying Law and Practice. New York: American Bar Association.Google Scholar
Graham, Erin R., Shipan, Charles R., and Volden, Craig. 2013. The Diffusion of Policy Diffusion Research in Political Science. British Journal of Political Science 43(3): 673701.Google Scholar
Gray, Virginia. 1973. Innovation in the States: A Diffusion Study. The American Political Science Review 67(4): 11741185.Google Scholar
Gray, Virginia. 1994. Competition, Emulation, and Policy Innovation. In Dodd, Lawrence C. and Jillson, Calvin C. (eds.) New Perspectives on American Politics (pp. 230–248). Washington, DC: CQ Press.Google Scholar
Gray, Virginia and Lowery, David. 1996. The Population Ecology of Interest Representation: Lobbying Communities in the American States. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grose, Christian R. and Wood, Abby K.. 2020. Randomized Experiments by Government Institutions and American Political Development. Public Choice 185(3): 401413.Google Scholar
Grose, Christian R., Lopez, Pamela, Sadhwani, Sara, and Yoshinaka, Antoine. 2022. Social Lobbying. Journal of Politics 84(1): 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haeder, Simon F. and Yackee, Susan Webb. 2015. Influence and the Administrative Process: Lobbying the US President’s Office of Management and Budget. American Political Science Review 109(03): 507522.Google Scholar
Haider, Donald H. 1974. When Governments Come to Washington: Governors, Mayors, and Intergovernmental Lobbying. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Hall, Richard L. and Deardorff, Alan V.. 2006. Lobbying as Legislative Subsidy. American Political Science Review 100(01): 6984.Google Scholar
Hayes, Michael T. 1981. Lobbyists and Legislators: A Theory of Political Markets. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, Kathy and Chang, Semoon. 1990. The Relative Efficiency of City Manager and Mayor-Council Forms of Government. Southern Economic Journal 57(1): 167177.Google Scholar
Hayes, Michael T. 1992. Incrementalism and Public Policy. New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Hays, R. Allen. 1991. Intergovernmental Lobbying: Toward an Understanding of Issue Priorities. Western Political Quarterly 44(4): 10811098.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herian, Mitchel N. 2011. Governing the States and the Nation: The Intergovernmental Policy Influence of the National Governors Association. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press.Google Scholar
Hirschman, Albert O. 1970. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Ho, Daniel E., Imai, Kosuke, King, Gary, and Stuart, Elizabeth A.. 2007. Matching as Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence in Parametric Causal Inference. Political Analysis 15(3): 199236.Google Scholar
Jansa, Joshua M., Hansen, Eric R., and Gray, Virginia H.. 2019. Copy and Paste Lawmaking: Legislative Professionalism and Policy Reinvention in the States. American Politics Research 47(4): 739767.Google Scholar
Jensen, Jennifer M. 2016. The Governors’ Lobbyists: Federal-State Relations Offices and Governors Associations in Washington. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Jensen, Jennifer M. 2018. Intergovernmental Lobbying in the United States: Assessing the Benefits of Accumulated Knowledge. State and Local Government Review 50(4): 270281.Google Scholar
Jensen, Jennifer M. and Emery, Jenna Kelkres. 2011. The First State Lobbyists: State Offices in Washington During World War II. Journal of Policy History 23(2): 117149.Google Scholar
Kang, Karam. 2016. Policy Influence and Private Returns from Lobbying in the Energy Sector. The Review of Economic Studies 83(1): 269305.Google Scholar
Karch, Andrew. 2007. Democratic Laboratories: Policy Diffusion among the American States. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Karch, Andrew. 2012. Vertical Diffusion and the Policy-Making Process: The Politics of Embryonic Stem Cell Research. Political Research Quarterly 65(1): 4861.Google Scholar
Karch, Andrew and Rosenthal, Aaron. 2016. Vertical Diffusion and the Shifting Politics of Electronic Commerce. State Politics & Policy Quarterly 16(1): 2243.Google Scholar
Kiewiet, D. Roderick and McCubbins, Mathew D.. 2014. State and Local Government Finance: The New Fiscal Ice Age. Annual Review of Political Science 17: 105122.Google Scholar
Kim, In Song. 2017. Political Cleavages Within Industry: Firm-Level Lobbying for Trade Liberalization. American Political Science Review 111(1): 120.Google Scholar
King, James D. 2000. Changes in Professionalism in US State Legislatures. Legislative Studies Quarterly 25(2): 327–343.Google Scholar
Kingdon, John W. 1984. Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Kirk, Robert S., Mallett, William J., and Peterman, David Randall. 2017. Transportation Spending Under an Earmark Ban. Congressional Research Service Report Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress: January 4. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41554.pdfGoogle Scholar
Kirkland, Patricia A. 2021, Business Owners and Executives as Politicians: The Effect on Public Policy. Journal of Politics 83(4): 16521668.Google Scholar
Kollman, Ken. 1997. Inviting Friends to Lobby: Interest Groups, Ideological Bias, and Congressional Committees. American Journal of Political Science 41(2): 519544.Google Scholar
Konisky, David M. and Teodoro, Manuel P.. 2016. When Governments Regulate Governments. American Journal of Political Science 60(3): 559574.Google Scholar
Krause, Rachel M., Hawkins, Christopher V., Angela, Y.S. Park, and Feiock, Richard C.. 2019. Drivers of Policy Instrument Selection for Environmental Management by Local Governments. Public Administration Review 79(4): 477–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krebs, Timothy B. and Pelissero, John P.. 2010. Urban Managers and Public Policy: Do Institutional Arrangements Influence Decisions to Initiate Policy? Urban Affairs Review 45(3): 391411.Google Scholar
Lieberman, Evan S. 2001. Causal Inference in Historical Institutional Analysis: A Specification of Periodization Strategies. Comparative Political Studies 34(9): 10111035.Google Scholar
LaPira, Timothy. 2015. Lobbying in the Shadows: How Private Interests Hide from Public Scrutiny and Why That Matters. In Cigler, Allan J., Loomis, Burdett A., and Nownes, Anthony J. (eds.) Interest Group Politics (p. 225). Washington, DC: CQ Press.Google Scholar
LaPira, Timothy M. and Thomas, Herschel F. III. 2014. Revolving Door Lobbyists and Interest Representation. Interest Groups & Advocacy 3(1): 429.Google Scholar
Lei, Zhenhuan and Zhou, Junlong Aaron. 2022. Private Returns to Public Investment: Political Career Incentives and Infrastructure Investment in China. Journal of Politics 84(1): 115.Google Scholar
Loftis, Matt W. and Kettler, Jaclyn J.. 2015. Lobbying from Inside the System: Why Local Governments Pay for Representation in the US Congress. Political Research Quarterly 68(1): 193206.Google Scholar
Lowi, Theodore J. 1972. Four Systems of Policy, Politics, and Choice. Public Administration Review 32(4): 298310.Google Scholar
Lubell, Mark, Feiock, Richard C., and Ramirez, Edgar E. Cruz, De La. 2009. Local Institutions and the Politics of Urban Growth. American Journal of Political Science 53(3): 649665.Google Scholar
Lynn, Laurence E. Jr. 1987. Managing Public Policy. Boston, MA: Little Brown.Google Scholar
Maestas, Cherie. 2000. Professional Legislatures and Ambitious Politicians: Policy Responsiveness of State Institutions. Legislative Studies Quarterly 25(4): 663690.Google Scholar
Malhotra, Neil. 2006. Government Growth and Professionalism in US State Legislatures. Legislative Studies Quarterly 31(4): 563584.Google Scholar
Martin, David L. 1990. Running City Hall: Municipal Administration in America. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.Google Scholar
McCabe, Barbara Coyle, Richard C. Feiock, James C. Clingermayer, and Stream, Christopher. 2008. Turnover among City Managers: The Role of Political and Economic Change. Public Administration Review 68(2): 380386.Google Scholar
McCann, Pamela J. Clouser, Charles R. Shipan, and Volden, Craig. 2015. Top-Down Federalism: State Policy Responses to National Government Discussions. Publius 45(4): 495525.Google Scholar
McCrain, Joshua. 2018. Revolving Door Lobbyists and the Value of Congressional Staff Connections. Journal of Politics 80(4): 13691383.Google Scholar
McFadden, Daniel. 1974. Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior. In Paul Zarembka (ed.) Frontiers in Econometrics (pp. 105–142). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
McNitt, Andrew Douglas. 2010. Tenure in Office of Big City Mayors. State and Local Government Review 42(1): 3647.Google Scholar
Meier, Kenneth J. and O’Toole, Laurence J.. 2001. Managerial Strategies and Behavior in Networks: A Model with Evidence from US Public Education. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 11(3): 271294.Google Scholar
Meltzer, Allan H. and Richard, Scott F.. 1981. A Rational Theory of the Size of Government. Journal of Political Economy 89(5): 914927.Google Scholar
Meltzer, Allan H. and Richard, Scott F.. 1983. Tests of a Rational Theory of the Size of Government. Public Choice 41(3): 403418.Google Scholar
Mooney, Christopher Z. 1995. Citizens, Structures, and Sister States: Influences on State Legislative Professionalism. Legislative Studies Quarterly 20(1): 47–67.Google Scholar
Mullin, Megan, Peele, Gillian, and Cain, Bruce E.. 2004. City Caesars? Institutional Structure and Mayoral Success in Three California Cities. Urban Affairs Review 40(1): 1943.Google Scholar
Nicholson-Crotty, Sean. 2015. Governors, Grants, and Elections: Fiscal Federalism in the American States. Baltimore, MA: John Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Nixon, H.C. 1944. The Southern Governors’ Conference as a Pressure Group. Journal of Politics 6(3): 338345.Google Scholar
Nownes, Anthony J. 1999. Solicited Advice and Lobbyist Power: Evidence from Three American States. Legislative Studies Quarterly 24(1): 113123.Google Scholar
Nownes, Anthony J. 2006. Total Lobbying: What Lobbyists Want (and How They Try to Get It). New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Oates, Wallace E. 1999. An Essay on Fiscal Federalism. Journal of Economic Literature 37(3): 11201149.Google Scholar
Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Olson, Mancur. 1993. Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development. American Political Science Review 87(3): 567576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Toole, Laurence J. and Meier, Kenneth J.. 1999. Modeling the Impact of Public Management: Implications of Structural Context. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 9(4): 505526.Google Scholar
Owings, Stephanie and Borck, Rainald. 2000. Legislative Professionalism and Government Spending: Do Citizen Legislators Really Spend Less? Public Finance Review 28(3): 210225.Google Scholar
Palazzolo, Daniel J. and McCarthy, Fiona R.. 2005. State and Local Government Organizations and the Formation of the Help America Vote Act. Publius 35(4): 515535.Google Scholar
Payson, Julia A. 2020a. Cities in the Statehouse: How Local Governments Use Lobbyists to Secure State Funding. Journal of Politics 82(2): 403417.Google Scholar
Payson, Julia A. 2020b. The Partisan Logic of City Mobilization: Evidence from State Lobbying Disclosures. American Political Science Review 114(3): 677690.Google Scholar
Pelissero, John P. and England, Robert E.. 1987. State and Local Governments’ Washington “Reps”: Lobbying Strategies and President Reagan’s New Federalism. State and Local Government Review 19(2): 6872.Google Scholar
Pierson, Kawika, Hand, Michael L., and Thompson, Fred. 2015. The Government Finance Database: A Common Resource for Quantitative Research in Public Financial Analysis. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0130119.Google Scholar
Rabovsky, Thomas and Rutherford, Amanda. 2016. The Politics of Higher Education: University President Ideology and External Networking. Public Administration Review 76(5): 764777.Google Scholar
Rainey, Carlisle. 2016. Dealing With Separation in Logistic Regression Models. Political Analysis 24(3): 339355.Google Scholar
Rocco, Philip, Béland, Daniel, and Waddan, Alex. 2020. Stuck in Neutral? Federalism, Policy Instruments, and Counter-Cyclical Responses to COVID-19 in the United States. Policy and Society 39(3): 458477.Google Scholar
Schattschneider, Elmer Eric and Adamany, David. 1975. The Semi-Sovereign People: A Realist’s View of Democracy in America. Hinsdale, IL: Dryden Press.Google Scholar
Schlozman, Kay Lehman. 1984. What Accent the Heavenly Chorus? Political Equality and the American Pressure System. Journal of Politics 46(4): 10061032.Google Scholar
Schnakenberg, Keith E. and Turner, Ian R.. 2019. Signaling With Reform: How the Threat of Corruption Prevents Informed Policy-Making. American Political Science Review 113(3): 762777.Google Scholar
Schwarz, Gideon. 1978. Estimating the Dimension of a Model. The Annals of Statistics 6(2): 461464.Google Scholar
Shepherd, Michael E. and You, Hye Young. 2020. Exit Strategy: Career Concerns and Revolving Doors in Congress. American Political Science Review 114(1): 270284.Google Scholar
Shipan, Charles R. and Volden, Craig. 2006. Bottom-Up Federalism: The Diffusion of Antismoking Policies from US Cities to States. American Journal of Political Science 50(4): 825843.Google Scholar
Shipan, Charles R. and Volden, Craig. 2008. The Mechanisms of Policy Diffusion. American Journal of Political Science 52(4): 840857.Google Scholar
Shipan, Charles R. and Volden, Craig. 2012. Policy Diffusion: Seven Lessons for Scholars and Practitioners. Public Administration Review 72(6): 788796.Google Scholar
Shipan, Charles R. and Volden, Craig. 2014. When the Smoke Clears: Expertise, Learning and Policy Diffusion. Journal of Public Policy 34(3): 357387.Google Scholar
Shor, Boris and Nolan, McCarty. 2011. The Ideological Mapping of American Legislatures. American Political Science Review 105(3): 530551.Google Scholar
Squire, Peverill. 2017. A Squire Index Update. State Politics & Policy Quarterly 17(4): 361371.Google Scholar
Squire, Peverill and Hamm, Keith E. 2005. 101 Chambers: Congress, State Legislatures, and the Future of Legislative Studies. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.Google Scholar
Stigler, George J. 1971. The Theory of Economic Regulation. The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science 2(1): 321.Google Scholar
Straus, Jacob R. 2015. The Lobbying Disclosure Act at 20: Analysis and Issues for Congress. Congressional Research Service Report Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress: December 1. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44292.pdfGoogle Scholar
Straus, Jacob R. 2017. Lobbying Registration and Disclosure: The Role of the Clerk of the House and the Secretary of the Senate. Congressional Research Service Report Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress: December 1. www.senate.gov/CRSpubs/63879f94-6966-4341-9342-03ab6d8bff33.pdfGoogle Scholar
Svara, James H. 1999. The Shifting Boundary between Elected Officials and City Managers in Large Council-Manager Cities. Public Administration Review 59(1): 4453.Google Scholar
Teodoro, Manuel P. 2011. Bureaucratic Ambition: Careers, Motives, and the Innovative Administrator. Baltimore, MA: John Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Ting, Michael M. 2021. The Political Economy of Governance Quality. American Political Science Review 115(2): 667685.Google Scholar
Tolbert, Pamela S. and Zucker, Lynne G.. 1983. Institutional Sources of Change in the Formal Structure of Organizations: The Diffusion of Civil Service Reform, 1880–1935. Administrative Science Quarterly 28(1): 22–39.Google Scholar
Treisman, Daniel. 2007. The Architecture of Government: Rethinking Political Decentralization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Trounstine, Jessica. 2010. Representation and Accountability in Cities. Annual Review of Political Science 13: 407423.Google Scholar
Trounstine, Jessica and Valdini, Melody E.. 2008. The Context Matters: The Effects of Single-Member versus At-Large Districts on City Council Diversity. American Journal of Political Science 52(3): 554569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vidal, Jordi Blanes i, Draca, Mirko, and Fons-Rosen, Christian. 2012. Revolving Door Lobbyists. American Economic Review 102(7): 3731–3348.Google Scholar
Volden, Craig. 2006. States as Policy Laboratories: Emulating Success in the Children’s Health Insurance Program. American Journal of Political Science 50(2): 294312.Google Scholar
Walker, Jack L. 1969. The Diffusion of Innovations among the American States. The American Political Science Review 63(3): 880899.Google Scholar
Walker, Jack L. 1983. The Origins and Maintenance of Interest Groups in America. American Political Science Review 77: 390406.Google Scholar
Walker, Jack L. 1991. Mobilizing Interest Groups in America: Patrons, Professions, and Social Movements. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Weingast, Barry R. 1996. Political Institutions: Rational Choice Perspectives. In Goodin, Robert E. and Klingemann, Hans-Dieter (eds.) A New Handbook of Political Science (pp. 167–190). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Weingast, Barry R., Shepsle, Kenneth A., and Johnsen, Christopher. 1981. The Political Economy of Benefits and Costs: A Neoclassical Approach to Distributive Politics. The Journal of Political Economy 89(4): 642664.Google Scholar
Wesley Leckrone, J. 2019. Trying Not to Lose Ground: State and Local Government Advocacy During Passage of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Publius: The Journal of Federalism 49(3): 407436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilensky, Harold L. 2015. Organizational Intelligence: Knowledge and Policy in Government and Industry. New Orleans, LA: Quid Pro Books.Google Scholar
Wright, Deil Spencer. 1978. Understanding Intergovernmental Relations. Belmont, CA: Duxbury Press.Google Scholar
Yackee, Susan Webb. 2006. Sweet-Talking the Fourth Branch: The Influence of Interest Group Comments on Federal Agency Rulemaking. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 16(1): 103124.Google Scholar
Yackee, Susan Webb. 2020. Hidden Politics? Assessing Lobbying Success during US Agency Guidance Development. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 30(4): 548562.Google Scholar
Yackee, Jason Webb and Yackee, Susan Webb. 2006. A Bias Towards Business? Assessing Interest Group Influence on the US Bureaucracy. Journal of Politics 68(1): 128139.Google Scholar
You, Hye Young. 2017. Ex Post Lobbying. Journal of Politics 79(4): 11621176.Google Scholar
Zhang, Yahong. 2007. Local Official’s Incentives and Policy-Making: Through the Lens of the Politics-Administration Relationship. PhD Dissertation, Florida State University.Google Scholar
Zhang, Yahong and Feiock, Richard C.. 2009. City Managers’ Policy Leadership in Council-Manager Cities. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 20(2): 461476.Google Scholar
Zhang, Youlang and Zhu, Xufeng. 2020. The Moderating Role of Top‐down Supports in Horizontal Innovation Diffusion. Public Administration Review 80(2): 209–221.Google Scholar
Zhu, Xufeng and Zhang, Youlang. 2019. Diffusion of Marketization Innovation with Administrative Centralization in A Multilevel System: Evidence from China. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 29(1): 133150.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

When Governments Lobby Governments
  • Youlang Zhang, Renmin University of China, Beijing
  • Online ISBN: 9781009104180
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

When Governments Lobby Governments
  • Youlang Zhang, Renmin University of China, Beijing
  • Online ISBN: 9781009104180
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

When Governments Lobby Governments
  • Youlang Zhang, Renmin University of China, Beijing
  • Online ISBN: 9781009104180
Available formats
×