Element contents
Taming Corporate Power in the 21st Century
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 April 2022
Summary
There is broad consensus across the political spectrum in the US that monopolistic corporations – particularly Big Tech companies -- have grown too powerful, and that we need to revive antitrust to take on the 'curse of bigness.' But both the diagnosis and the cure are rooted in an outdated understanding of how the American economy is organized. Information and communication technologies have fundamentally altered the markets for capital, labor, supplies, and distribution in ways that undermine the basic categories we use to understand the economy. Nationality, industry, firm, size, employee, and other fundamental terms are increasingly detached from the operations of the economy. If we want to understand and tame the new sources of economic power, we need a new diagnosis and a new set of tools.
- Type
- Element
- Information
- Online ISBN: 9781009091664Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication: 02 June 2022
References
Abril, Danielle, and Harwell, Drew. 2021. “Keystroke Tracking, Screenshots, and Facial Recognition: The Boss May Be Watching Long after the Pandemic Ends.” The Washington Post. September 27. www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/09/24/remote-work-from-home-surveillance/.Google Scholar
Alchian, Armen A., and Demsetz, Harold. 1972. “Production, Information Costs, and Economic Organization.” American Economic Review 62(5):777–95.Google Scholar
Andreessen, Marc. 2011. “Why Software Is Eating the World.” The Wall Street Journal. August 20. www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111903480904576512250915629460.Google Scholar
Arora, Ashish, Fosfuri, Andrea, and Thomas, Rønde. 2021. “Waiting for the Payday? The Market for Startups and the Timing of Entrepreneurial Exit.” Management Science 67(3):1453–67. doi: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.3627.Google Scholar
Athreya, Bama. 2021. “Opinion: A Victory for Gig Workers As California Rules Uber Can’t Hack Labor Laws.” Common Dreams. August 23. www.commondreams.org/views/2021/08/23/victory-gig-workers-california-rules-uber-cant-hack-labor-laws.Google Scholar
Autor, David, David Dorn, Lawrence F. Katz, Christina Patterson, and John, Van Reenen. 2020. “The Fall of the Labor Share and the Rise of Superstar Firms.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 135(2):645–709. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjaa004.Google Scholar
Bacani, Emmanuel Louis. 2020. “S&P 500 Companies’ Non-US Revenue Share Hits 10-Year Low – Goldman Sachs.” Accelerating Progress. June 18. www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/s-p-500-companies-non-us-revenue-share-hits-10-year-low-8211-goldman-sachs-59094991.Google Scholar
Barbaro, Michael. 2007. “Wal-Mart Puts Some Muscle behind Power-Sipping Bulbs.” The New York Times. January 2. www.nytimes.com/2007/01/02/business/02bulb.html.Google Scholar
Berry, Steven, Gaynor, Martin, and Morton, Fiona Scott. 2019. “Do Increasing Markups Matter? Lessons from Empirical Industrial Organization.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 33(3):44–68. doi: https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.33.3.44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloom, Nicholas, Fatih Guvenen, Benjamin S. Smith, Jae Song, and Till, von Wachter. 2018. “The Disappearing Large-Firm Wage Premium.” AEA Papers and Proceedings 108:317–22.Google Scholar
Bork, Robert H. 1978. The Antitrust Paradox: A Policy at War with Itself. New York: Basic.Google Scholar
Bracken, Becky. 2021. “Darkside Getting Taken to ‘Hackers’ Court’ for Not Paying Affiliates.” Threatpost English Global Threatpostcom. May 21. https://threatpost.com/darkside-hackers-court-paying-affiliates/166393/.Google Scholar
Broderick, Ryan. 2019. “Forget the Trade War. Tiktok Is China’s Most Important Export Right Now.” BuzzFeed News. May 16. www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanhatesthis/forget-the-trade-war-tiktok-is-chinas-most-important-export.Google Scholar
Caffarra, Cristina, and Morton, Fiona Scott. 2021. “The European Commission Digital Markets Act: A Translation.” VoxEU. January 5. https://voxeu.org/article/european-commission-digital-markets-act-translation.Google Scholar
Cameron, Lindsey. 2021. “(Relative) Choice in Algorithms: How Digital Platforms Repurpose Workplace Consent.” Unpublished, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandler, Alfred Dupont. 1977. The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Coase, Ronald H. 1937. “The Nature of the Firm.” Economica 4(16):386–405. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x.Google Scholar
Cobb, J. Adam, and Lin, Ken-Hou. 2017. “Growing Apart: The Changing Firm-Size Wage Premium and Its Inequality Consequences.” Organization Science 28(3):429–46. doi: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1125.Google Scholar
Council of Economic Advisors. 2015. “Worker Voice in a Time of Rising Inequality.” October. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/page/files/worker_voice_issue_brief_cea.pdf.Google Scholar
Coyle, Diane, and Nguyen, David. 2020. “No Plant, No Problem? Factoryless Manufacturing, Economic Measurement and National Manufacturing Policies.” Review of International Political Economy. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2020.1778502.Google Scholar
Crane, Daniel. 2020. “Fascism and Monopoly.” Michigan Law Review 118(7):1315–70. doi: https://doi.org/10.36644/mlr.118.7.fascism.Google Scholar
Davis, Gerald F. 2005. “New Directions in Corporate Governance.” Annual Review of Sociology 31(1):143–62. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.31.041304.122249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Gerald F. 2009. Managed by the Markets: How Finance Reshaped America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Davis, Gerald F. 2010. “Not Just a Mortgage Crisis: How Finance Maimed Society.” Strategic Organization 8(1):75–82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127009355857.Google Scholar
Davis, Gerald F. 2016a. “Can an Economy Survive without Corporations? Technology and Robust Organizational Alternatives.” Academy of Management Perspectives 30(2):129–40. doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2015.0067.Google Scholar
Davis, Gerald F. 2016b. The Vanishing American Corporation: Navigating the Hazards of a New Economy. First edition. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.Google Scholar
Davis, Gerald F. 2016c. “Capital Markets and Job Creation in the 21st Century.” Brookings Institution. July 28. www.brookings.edu/research/capital-markets-and-job-creation-in-the-21st-century/.Google Scholar
Davis, Gerald F. 2017. “Post-Corporate: The Disappearing Corporation in the New Economy.” Third Way. February 1. www.thirdway.org/report/post-corporate-the-disappearing-corporation-in-the-new-economy.Google Scholar
Davis, Gerald F. 2021a. “Big Tech’s Swift Reaction to Capitol Rioters Reveals New Face of Corporate Political Power – and a Threat to American Democracy.” The Conversation. January 19. https://theconversation.com/big-techs-swift-reaction-to-capitol-rioters-reveals-new-face-of-corporate-political-power-and-a-threat-to-american-democracy-153061.Google Scholar
Davis, Gerald F. 2021b. “Big or Loud? We Need New Ways to Define Where the Power Lies.” I by IMD. March 22. https://iby.imd.org/magazine/big-or-loud-we-need-new-ways-to-define-where-the-power-lies/.Google Scholar
Davis, Gerald F. 2021c. “Ayn Rand-Inspired ‘Myth of the Founder’ Puts Tremendous Power in Hands of Big Tech CEOS like Zuckerberg – Posing Real Risks to Democracy.” The Conversation. March 30. https://theconversation.com/ayn-rand-inspired-myth-of-the-founder-puts-tremendous-power-in-hands-of-big-tech-ceos-like-zuckerberg-posing-real-risks-to-democracy-150830.Google Scholar
Davis, Gerald F. 2021d. “Corporate Purpose Needs Democracy.” Journal of Management Studies 58(3):902–13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Gerald F., and Kim, Suntae. 2015. “Financialization of the Economy.” Annual Review of Sociology 41(1):203–21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Gerald F., and Mizruchi, Mark S.. 1999. “The Money Center Cannot Hold: Commercial Banks in the U.S. System of Corporate Governance.” Administrative Science Quarterly 44(2):215. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2666995.Google Scholar
Davis, Gerald F., and Sinha, Aseem. 2021. “Varieties of Uberization: How Technology and Institutions Change the Organization(s) of Late Capitalism.” Organization Theory 2(1):263178772199519. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2631787721995198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Gerald F., and Stout, Suzanne K.. 1992. “Organization Theory and the Market for Corporate Control: A Dynamic Analysis of the Characteristics of Large Takeover Targets, 1980–1990.” Administrative Science Quarterly 37(4):605. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2393474.Google Scholar
Davis, Gerald F., Diekmann, Kristina A., and Tinsley, Catherine H.. 1994. “The Decline and Fall of the Conglomerate Firm in the 1980s: The Deinstitutionalization of an Organizational Form.” American Sociological Review 59(4):547. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2095931.Google Scholar
Jan, De Loecker, Eeckhout, Jan, and Unger, Gabriel. 2020. “The Rise of Market Power and the Macroeconomic Implications.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 135(2):561–644. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz041.Google Scholar
Dean, Sam. 2020. “Grindr’s New Owners Are Straight. They Say That’s OK.” Los Angeles Times. July 2. www.latimes.com/business/story/2020-07-02/grindr-new-ownership-american-investors-interview.Google Scholar
DeBord, Matthew. 2021. “If You Want to See the Auto Industry’s Real Disrupter, Ignore Tesla. Look at Fisker.” Business Insider. April 23. www.businessinsider.com/the-biggest-disrupter-in-auto-industry-isnt-tesla-its-fisker-2021-3.Google Scholar
Decker, Ryan, Haltiwanger, John, Jarmin, Ron, and Miranda, Javier. 2014. “The Role of Entrepreneurship in US Job Creation and Economic Dynamism.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 28(3):3–24. doi: https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.3.3.Google Scholar
Doctorow, Cory. 2020. How to Destroy Surveillance Capitalism. OneZero. https://onezero.medium.com/how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism-8135e6744d59.Google Scholar
Doctorow, Cory. 2021. “Competitive Compatibility: Let’s Fix the Internet, Not the Tech Giants.” Communications of the ACM 64(10):26–29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/3446789.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drucker, Jesse. 2009. “Accenture Is Seeking to Change Tax Locales.” The Wall Street Journal. May 28. www.wsj.com/articles/SB124338175183056465.Google Scholar
Dubal, Veena B. 2017. “Wage Slave or Entrepreneur?: Contesting the Dualism of Legal Worker Identities.” California Law Review 105(1):65. doi: https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38M84X.Google Scholar
Eberhart, Robert, Barley, Stephen, and Nelson, Andrew. 2021. “Freedom Is Just Another Word for Nothing Left to Lose: Entrepreneurialism and the Changing Nature of Employment Relations.” Research in the Sociology of Organizations: Reversing the Arrow. August 13. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3904624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edelson, Josh. 2021. “The Gig Economy Is Coming for Millions of American Jobs.” Bloomberg.com. February 17. www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-02-17/gig-economy-coming-for-millions-of-u-s-jobs-after-california-s-uber-lyft-vote.Google Scholar
Facebook. 2021. “Terms of Service.” www.facebook.com/terms.php (accessed November 27, 2021).Google Scholar
Ferreras, Isabelle. 2017. Firms as Political Entities: Saving Democracy through Economic Bicameralism. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Goodnough, Abby. 2021. “Overdose Deaths Have Surged during the Pandemic, C.D.C. Data Shows.” The New York Times. April 14. www.nytimes.com/2021/04/14/health/overdose-deaths-fentanyl-opiods-coronaviurs-pandemic.html.Google Scholar
Gray, Mary L., and Suri, Siddharth. 2019. Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.Google Scholar
Grullon, Gustavo, Larkin, Yelena, and Michaely, Roni. 2019. “Are US Industries Becoming More Concentrated?” Review of Finance 23(4):697–743. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfz007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurley, Lauren Kaori. 2021. “Amazon’s AI Cameras Are Punishing Drivers for Mistakes They Didn’t Make.” VICE. September 20. www.vice.com/en/article/88npjv/amazons-ai-cameras-are-punishing-drivers-for-mistakes-they-didnt-make.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez, Germán, and Philippon, Thomas. 2017. “Declining Competition and Investment in the U.S.” NBER Working Paper 23583. doi: https://doi.org/10.3386/w23583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harnett, Sam. 2021. “‘Coming for You and Your Job’: With Prop. 22, Are Grocery Staff Layoffs Just the Beginning?” KQED. January 20. www.kqed.org/news/11855985/coming-for-you-and-your-job-with-prop-22-are-grocery-staff-layoffs-just-the-beginning.Google Scholar
Hawkins, Andrew J. 2019. “Uber Argues Its Drivers Aren’t Core to Its Business, Won’t Reclassify Them as Employees.” The Verge. September 11. www.theverge.com/2019/9/11/20861362/uber-ab5-tony-west-drivers-core-ride-share-business-california.Google Scholar
Herrman, John. 2020. “All Your Favorite Brands, from BSTOEM to ZGGCD.” The New York Times. February 11. www.nytimes.com/2020/02/11/style/amazon-trademark-copyright.html.Google Scholar
Hoberg, Gerard, and Phillips, Gordon. 2016. “Text-Based Network Industries and Endogenous Product Differentiation.” Journal of Political Economy 124(5):1423–65. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/688176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsieh, Chang-Tai, and Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban. 2019. “The Industrial Revolution in Services.” NBER Working Paper 25968.Google Scholar
Hubbard, Sally. 2020. Monopolies Suck: 7 Ways Big Corporations Rule Your Life and How to Take Back Control. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Jacobides, Michael G. 2005. “Industry Change through Vertical Disintegration: How and Why Markets Emerged in Mortgage Banking.” Academy of Management Journal 48(3):465–98. doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.17407912.Google Scholar
Jensen, Michael C., and Meckling, William H.. 1976. “Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure.” Journal of Financial Economics 3(4):305–60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X.Google Scholar
Foundation, Kaiser Family. 2021. “2021 Employer Health Benefits Survey.” November 10. www.kff.org/health-costs/report/2021-employer-health-benefits-survey/.Google Scholar
Kang, Cecilia. 2021. “Judge Throws out 2 Antitrust Cases against Facebook.” The New York Times. June 28. www.nytimes.com/2021/06/28/technology/facebook-ftc-lawsuit.html.Google Scholar
Kaplow, Louis. 2013. “Market Definition: Impossible and Counterproductive.” Antitrust Law Journal 79(1):361–79.Google Scholar
Kauffman Foundation. 2017. “2017 Startup Activity National Report Final.” www.kauffman.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2017_Kauffman_Index_Startup_Activity_National_Report_Final.pdf.Google Scholar
Kenney, Martin, and Zysman, John. 2016. “The Rise of the Platform Economy.” Issues in Science and Technology 32(3):61–69.Google Scholar
Khan, Lina, and Vaheesan, Sandeep. 2017. “Market Power and Inequality: The Antitrust Counterrevolution and Its Discontents.” Harvard Law & Policy Review 11:235–94.Google Scholar
Knoema. 2020. “Top Vehicle Manufacturers in the US Market, 1961–2016.” May 21. https://knoema.com/infographics/floslle/top-vehicle-manufacturers-in-the-us-market-1961-2016.Google Scholar
Konczal, Mike. 2021. Freedom from the Market: America’s Fight to Liberate Itself from the Grip of the Invisible Hand. New York: The New Press.Google Scholar
Kosciolek, Ashley. 2021. “Fact Check: Do Cruise Lines Pay US Taxes?” Cruise Radio.Net. July 13. https://cruiseradio.net/fact-check-do-cruise-lines-pay-us-taxes/.Google Scholar
Lamoreaux, Naomi R. 1985. The Great Merger Movement in American Business, 1895–1904. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lamoreaux, Naomi R. 2019. “The Problem of Bigness: From Standard Oil to Google.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 33(3):94–117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.33.3.94.Google Scholar
Lewis, Paul. 2017. “‘Our Minds Can Be Hijacked’: The Tech Insiders Who Fear a Smartphone Dystopia.” The Guardian. October 6. www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/oct/05/smartphone-addiction-silicon-valley-dystopia.Google Scholar
Lynn, Barry C. 2020. Liberty from All Masters: The New American Autocracy vs. the Will of the People. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Manjoo, Farhad. 2017. “The Hidden Player Spurring a Wave of Cheap Consumer Devices: Amazon.” The New York Times. December 6. www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/technology/cheap-consumer-devices-amazon.html.Google Scholar
Manne, Henry G. 1965. “Mergers and the Market for Corporate Control.” Journal of Political Economy 73(2):110–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/259000.Google Scholar
McGreal, Chris. 2019. “Capitalism Gone Wrong: How Big Pharma Created America’s Opioid Carnage.” The Guardian. July 24. www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jul/24/opioids-crisis-big-pharma-drugs-carnage.Google Scholar
McKinsey & Co. 2021. “McKinsey’s Private Markets Annual Review.” November 17. www.mckinsey.com/industries/private-equity-and-principal-investors/our-insights/mckinseys-private-markets-annual-review#.Google Scholar
Meagher, Michelle. 2020. Competition Is Killing Us: How Big Business Is Harming Our Society and Planet – and What to Do about It. London: Penguin Random House.Google Scholar
Montag, Ali. 2017. “The Instant Pot Is Selling like Crazy on Amazon – and Its PhD Inventor Says He’s Read All 39,000 Reviews.” CNBC. November 27. www.cnbc.com/2017/11/24/why-robert-wangs-instant-pot-is-a-bestseller-on-amazon.html.Google Scholar
Arishekar, N. 2021. “Amazon Statistics (Seller, FBA, and Product) That’ll Surprise You.” SellerApp. November 22. www.sellerapp.com/blog/amazon-seller-statistics/.Google Scholar
Neate, Rupert. 2021. “Microsoft’s Irish Subsidiary Posted £220bn Profit in Single Year.” The Guardian. June 3. www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/03/microsoft-irish-subsidiary-paid-zero-corporate-tax-on-220bn-profit-last-year.Google Scholar
Neate, Rupert, and Rushe, Dominic. 2021. “Google, Apple and Microsoft Report Record-Breaking Profits.” The Guardian. July 27. www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/jul/27/google-apple-and-microsoft-to-report-record-breaking-profits.Google Scholar
Nelson, Eshe, and Karaian, Jason. 2017. “Amazon Has Made Half the Profits of Macy’s over the Past 20 Years.” Quartz. July 28. https://qz.com/1040856/amazon-amzn-has-made-half-the-profits-of-macys-m-over-the-past-20-years/.Google Scholar
Times, New York. 1972. “Papers Show I.T.T Urged U.S. to Help Oust Allende.” The New York Times. July 3. www.nytimes.com/1972/07/03/archives/papers-show-itt-urged-us-to-help-oust-allende-suggestions-for.html.Google Scholar
Oremus, Will. 2021. “Lawmakers’ Latest Idea to Fix Facebook: Regulate the Algorithm.” The Washington Post. October 12. www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/10/12/congress-regulate-facebook-algorithm/.Google Scholar
Oreskes, Naomi, and Conway, Erik M.. 2010. Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming. New York: Bloomsbury Press.Google Scholar
Ovide, Shira. 2021. “The Limits of Facebook’s ‘Supreme Court’.” The New York Times. May 5. www.nytimes.com/2021/05/05/technology/facebook-oversight-board-trump.html.Google Scholar
Paul, Sanjukta. 2020. “Antitrust as Allocator of Coordination Rights.” UCLA Law Review 67(2):378. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3337861.Google Scholar
Paul, Sanjukta. 2021 “Recovering the Moral Economy Foundations of the Sherman Act.” Yale Law Journal 131(1):175–255.Google Scholar
Plambeck, Erica L., and Denend, Lyn. 2008. “The Greening of Wal-Mart.” Stanford Social Innovation Review 6(2):52–59. https://ssir.org/articles/entry/the_greening_of_wal_mart.Google Scholar
Posner, Eric A., Weyl, Glen, and Naidu, Suresh. 2018. “Antitrust Remedies for Labor Market Power.” Harvard Law Review 132:536–601.Google Scholar
Rahman, K. Sabeel. 2017. Democracy against Domination. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rekenthaler, John. 2019. “You’re More Internationally Diversified Than You (Probably) Realize.” Morningstar, Inc. February 22. www.morningstar.com/articles/914896/youre-more-internationally-diversified-than-you-probably-realize.Google Scholar
Richtel, Matt, and Jacobs, Andrew. 2018. “American Adults Just Keep Getting Fatter.” The New York Times. March 23. www.nytimes.com/2018/03/23/health/obesity-us-adults.html.Google Scholar
Robertson, Adi. 2020. “Trump Threatens That TikTok Will ‘Close down’ on September 15th Unless an American Company Buys It.” The Verge. August 3. www.theverge.com/2020/8/3/21352878/trump-us-ban-tiktok-microsoft-acquisition-treasury-interview-deadline.Google Scholar
Romer, Paul. 2019. “A Tax That Could Fix Big Tech.” The New York Times. May 6. www.nytimes.com/2019/05/06/opinion/tax-facebook-google.html.Google Scholar
Romer, Paul. 2021. “Why We Should Tax Digital Advertising.” Capitalisn’t Podcast, University of Chicago Booth School of Business. March 11. https://review.chicagobooth.edu/economics/2021/article/capitalisn-t-why-we-should-tax-digital-advertisingGoogle Scholar
Roose, Kevin. 2017. “Inside the Home of Instant Pot, the Kitchen Gadget That Spawned a Religion.” The New York Times. December 17. www.nytimes.com/2017/12/17/business/instant-pot.html.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, Nathan, and Stucki, Bryce Wilson. 2021. “Don’t Trust the Antitrust Narrative on Farms.” LPE Project. May 10. https://lpeproject.org/blog/dont-trust-the-antitrust-narrative-on-farms/.Google Scholar
Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban, Sarte, Pierre-Daniel, and Trachter, Nicholas. 2021. “Diverging Trends in National and Local Concentration.” NBER Working Paper No. w25066. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3254041.Google Scholar
Roy, William G. 1999. Socializing Capital: The Rise of the Large Industrial Corporation in America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
RSH Technologies. 2021. “What Is e-Residency: How to Start an EU Company Online.” www.rsh.ee/what-is-e-residency-how-to-start-an-eu-company-online-in-estonia/.Google Scholar
Salam, Maya. 2017. “The Opioid Epidemic: A Crisis Years in the Making.” The New York Times. October 27. www.nytimes.com/2017/10/26/us/opioid-crisis-public-health-emergency.html.Google Scholar
Sales, Nancy Jo. 2020. “How Juul Gets Kids Addicted to Vaping: It’s Even Worse Than You Think.” The Guardian. February 14. www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/feb/14/juul-vape-smoking-e-cigarettes-health.Google Scholar
Schor, Juliet. 2020. After the Gig: How the Sharing Economy Got Hijacked and How to Win It Back. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Sedacca, Matthew, and Yaffe-Bellany, David. 2019. “Cooking Eggs in the Morning and Shucking Oysters at Night, Thanks to an App.” The New York Times. September 1. www.nytimes.com/2019/09/01/business/restaurant-jobs-apps.html.Google Scholar
Segal, David. 2021. “Has Online Retail’s Biggest Bully Returned?” The New York Times. May 2. www.nytimes.com/2021/05/02/business/has-online-retails-biggest-bully-returned.html.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Carl. 2018. “Antitrust in a Time of Populism.” International Journal of Industrial Organization 61:714–48. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2018.01.001.Google Scholar
Staffing Industry Analysts. 2021. “Uber to Close Its Uber Works Staffing Operations.” www2.staffingindustry.com/Editorial/Daily-News/Uber-to-close-its-Uber-Works-staffing-operations-53856 (accessed November 27, 2021).Google Scholar
Statista. 2021. “Digital Cameras – United States.” Statista Market Forecast. Accessed November 27, 2021. www.statista.com/outlook/cmo/consumer-electronics/tv-radio-multimedia/digital-cameras/united-states.Google Scholar
Steinbaum, Marshall. 2019. “Antitrust, the Gig Economy, and Labor Market Power.” Law and Contemporary Problems 82(3):45–64.Google Scholar
Stigler Committee on Digital Platforms. 2019. “Stigler Committee on Digital Platforms: Final Report.” www.chicagobooth.edu/-/media/research/stigler/pdfs/digital-platforms–committee-report–stigler-center.pdf.Google Scholar
Stoller, Matt. 2019. Goliath: The 100-Year War between Monopoly Power and Democracy. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Stoller, Matt, Miller, Sarah, and Teachout, Zephyr. 2020. “Addressing Facebook and Google’s Harms through a Regulated Competition Approach.” American Economic Liberties Project. www.economicliberties.us/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Working-Paper-Series-on-Corporate-Power_2.pdf.Google Scholar
Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial and Administrative Law of the Committee on the Judiciary. 2020. “Investigation of Competition in Digital Markets: Majority Staff Report and Recommendations.” https://judiciary.house.gov/uploadedfiles/competition_in_digital_markets.pdf?utm_campaign=4493-519.Google Scholar
Talbot, Peter. 2019. “Uber Launches an App to Connect Job Seekers with Gig Work.” National Public Radio. October 3. www.npr.org/2019/10/03/766861700/uber-launches-an-app-to-connect-job-seekers-with-gig-work.Google Scholar
Teachout, Zephyr, and Khan, Lina. 2014. “Market Structure and Political Law: A Taxonomy of Power.” Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy 9:37–74.Google Scholar
The White House. 2021. “Executive Order on Promoting Competition in the American Economy.” Briefing. July 9. www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/07/09/executive-order-on-promoting-competition-in-the-american-economy/.Google Scholar
Thelen, Kathleen. 2018. “Regulating Uber: The Politics of the Platform Economy in Europe and the United States.” Perspectives on Politics 16(4):938–53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592718001081.Google Scholar
Thompson, Nicholas. 2018. “Inside the Two Years That Shook Facebook – and the World.” Wired. February 12. www.wired.com/story/inside-facebook-mark-zuckerberg-2-years-of-hell/.Google Scholar
US Census Bureau. 2017. “Startup Firms Created over 2 Million Jobs in 2015.” October 8. www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2017/business-dynamics.html.Google Scholar
Vatter, Ott. 2019. “Five Years of e-Residency: Past, Present and Future.” Medium. December 16. https://medium.com/e-residency-blog/five-years-of-e-residency-past-present-and-future-3df1786aa5ca.Google Scholar
Wakabayashi, Daisuke. 2019. “Google’s Shadow Work Force: Temps Who Outnumber Full-Time Employees.” The New York Times. May 28. www.nytimes.com/2019/05/28/technology/google-temp-workers.html.Google Scholar
Weber, Klaus, Davis, Gerald F., and Lounsbury, Michael. 2009. “Policy as Myth and Ceremony? The Global Spread of Stock Exchanges, 1980–2005.” Academy of Management Journal 52(6):1319–47. doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.47085184.Google Scholar
Werden, Gregory J. 2014. “The Relevant Market: Possible and Productive.” Antitrust Law Journal Online. www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publishing/antitrust_law_journal/online-archive/werden-online-pdf.pdf.Google Scholar
Wheeler, Tom, Verveer, Phil, and Kimmelman, Gene. 2020. “New Digital Realities; New Oversight Solutions in the U.S.: The Case for a Digital Platform Agency and a New Approach to Regulatory Oversight.” Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, Harvard Kennedy School. August. https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/New-Digital-Realities_August-2020.pdf.Google Scholar
White, Lawrence J. 2002. “Trends in Aggregate Concentration in the United States.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 16(4):137–60.Google Scholar
White, Lawrence J., and Yang, Jasper. 2020. “What Has Been Happening to Aggregate Concentration in the US Economy in the Twenty-First Century?” Contemporary Economic Policy 38(3):483–95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12460.Google Scholar
Wilmers, Nathan. 2018. “Wage Stagnation and Buyer Power: How Buyer–Supplier Relations Affect U.S. Workers’ Wages, 1978 to 2014.” American Sociological Review 83(2):213–42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418762441.Google Scholar
Wilson, Mark. 2020. “Car Design Is about to Change Forever. This Video Encapsulates How.” Fast Company. October 11. www.fastcompany.com/90562654/car-design-is-about-to-change-forever-this-video-encapsulates-how.Google Scholar
Woo, Erin. 2021. “QR Codes Are Here to Stay. So Is the Tracking They Allow.” The New York Times. July 26. www.nytimes.com/2021/07/26/technology/qr-codes-tracking.html.Google Scholar
Wu, Tim. 2018. The Curse of Bigness: Antitrust in the New Gilded Age. New York: Columbia Global Reports.Google Scholar
Zakrzewski, Cat. 2021. “Senators Aim to Block Tech Giants from Prioritizing Their Own Products over Rivals’.” The Washington Post. October 14. www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/10/14/klobuchar-grassley-antitrust-bill/.Google Scholar
Zhang, Eva. 2021. “Startups Boom in the United States during Covid-19.” Peterson Institute for International Economics. February 17. www.piie.com/blogs/realtime-economic-issues-watch/startups-boom-united-states-during-covid-19.Google Scholar
Zuboff, Shoshana. 2019. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. New York: PublicAffairs.Google Scholar
- 16
- Cited by