Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T07:59:58.692Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Eurasian Musical Journeys

Five Tales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 April 2022

Gabriela Currie
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
Lars Christensen
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota

Summary

This Element explores the circulation of musical instruments, practices, and thought inpremodern Eurasia at the crossroads of empires and nomadic cultures. It takes into consideration mechanisms of transmission, appropriation, adaptation, and integration that helped shape musical traditions that are perceived as culturally and geographically distinct yet are historically linked. The five stories featured here range from the geographically diverse performing groups during the Sui and Tang era, to the elusive musical world of Kucha in the Tarim Basin; from the fragmentary history of a single instrument linked to the Turkic peoples across Eurasia, to the transcontinental circulation of sound-making automata, including the organ, on both east-west and north-south axes. Within the conceptual background of cultural encounter and exchange, this Element provides possible strategies for integrating such information into the historical tapestry of Eurasian transcontinental networks as explored in other Elements in the series.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781108913805
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 05 May 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ali, Daud. 2016. “Bhoja’s Mechanical Garden: Translating Wonder across the Indian Ocean Circa 800–1100 CE.History of Religions 55(4), 460–93.Google Scholar
al-Jazarī. 1974. The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices [by] Ibn al-Razzaz al Jazari. Translated by Donald R. Hill. Dordrecht/Boston: Reidel.Google Scholar
al-Kāšġarī, Maḥmūd. 1982. Compendium of the Turkic Dialects: (Dīwān Luġāt at-Turk). Edited by Dankoff, Robert and Kelly, James. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Print Office.Google Scholar
Ambrosetti, Nadia. 2019. “Cultural Roots of Technology: An Interdisciplinary Study of Automated Systems from the Antiquity to the Renaissance.” PhD thesis, University of Milan.Google Scholar
Barthold, Vasilii V., and Rogers, J. M.. 1970. “The Burial Rites of the Turks and the Mongols.Central Asiatic Journal 14(1), 195227.Google Scholar
Becker, Judith. 1988. “Earth, Fire, Śakti and the Javanese Gamelan.Ethnomusicology 32(3), 385–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beguš, Nina. 2020. “A Tocharian Tale from the Silk Road: A Philological Account of the Painter and the Mechanical Maiden and Its Resonances with the Western Canon.Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 30(4), 681706.Google Scholar
Bodrogligeti, András J. E. 1987. “A Masterpiece of Central Asian Turkic Satire: Aḥmadi’s A Contest of String Instruments.Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher 59, 5588.Google Scholar
Borroni, Massimiliano. 2019. “Samāǧa Performances in Third/Ninth-Century Abbasid Courts.Bulletin of SOAS 82(2), 289302.Google Scholar
Brett, Gerard. 1954. “The Automata in the Byzantine ‘Throne of Solomon.’” Speculum 29(3), 477–87.Google Scholar
Brubaker, Leslie. 2004. “The Elephant and the Ark: Cultural and Material Interchange across the Mediterranean in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries.Dumbarton Oaks Papers 58, 175–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cahill, Suzanne. 1993. Transcendence and Divine Passion: The Queen Mother of the West in Medieval China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Yin, Cao, ed. 2013. A Silk Road Saga: The Sarcophagus of Yu Hong. Sydney: Art Gallery of New South Wales in association with the Shanxi Museum.Google Scholar
Chaarani, Mona Sanjakdar. 2015. “The Automatic Mechanical Hydraulic Organ of the Banū Mūsā ibn Shākir.” In Allah’s Automata: Artifacts of the Arab-Islamic Renaissance (800–1200), edited by Zielinski, Siegfried and Weibel, Peter, 8691. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag.Google Scholar
Chavannes, Édouard, ed. and tr. 1911. Cinq cents contes et apologues: extraits du Tripiṭaka chinois et traduits en français par Édouard Chavannes. 3 vols. Paris: E. Leroux.Google Scholar
Chavannes, Édouard. 1914. “Une version chinoise du conte bouddhique de Kalyânamkara et Pâpamkara.T’oung Pao 15(4), 469500.Google Scholar
Chen, Sanping. 2012. Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Cheng, Bonnie. 2010. “The Space Between: Locating ‘Culture.’” Ars Orientalis 38, 81120.Google Scholar
Wen-Chung., Chou 1976. “Chinese Historiography and Music: Some Observations.The Musical Quarterly 62(2), 218–40.Google Scholar
Chwolson, Daniel. 1886. Syrische Grabinschriften aus Semirjetschie. Mémoires de l’academie Imperiale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg. Série VII, tome 34(4). St. Petersburg: Académie Impériale des Sciences.Google Scholar
Chwolson, Daniel. 1897. Syrisch-Nestorianische Grabinschriften Aus Semirjetschie: Neue Folge. St. Petersburg: Académie Impériale des Sciences.Google Scholar
Clauson, Gerard. 1972. An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Compareti, Matteo, and Cristoforetti, Simone. 2007. New Elements on the Chinese Scene in the “Hall of the Ambassadors” at Afrāsyāb and a Reconsideration of “Zoroastrian” Calendar. Eurasiatica no. 78. Venice: Dept. of Eurasian Studies publications, Ca’ Foscari University.Google Scholar
Cook, Scott. 1995. “Yue Ji – Record of Music: Introduction, Translation, Notes, and Commentary.Asian Music 26(2), 196.Google Scholar
Courant, Maurice. 1913. “Chine et Corée: Essai historique sur la musique classique de la chinois avec un appendice relatif a la musique coréenne.” In Encyclopédie de la Musique et Dictionnaire du Conservatoire, Première Partie: Histoire de la Musique Antiquité – Moyen Age, edited by Lavignac, Albert, 77251. Paris: Libraire Delagrave.Google Scholar
Currie, Gabriela. 2020. “Sounds from under the Shifting Sands: Reflections on Kuchean Music Culture of the Sixth and Seventh Centuries.” In Crossing Borders: Musical Change and Exchange through Time. Publications of the ICTM Study Group for Music Archaeology, vol. 2, edited by Both, Arnd Adje, Hughes, Jon, and Stöckli, Matthias, 223–42. Berlin: Ekho Verlag.Google Scholar
Currie, Gabriela. (In press). “Language, Image, and the Early Musical World of Kucha.” In Il patrimonio musicale nella storia della cultura dall’Antichità alla prima età moderna/Music as Cultural Heritage from Antiquity to Early Modern Age, edited by Guidobaldi, Nicoletta and Restani, Donatella. Bologna: Bononia University Press.Google Scholar
Curta, Florin. 2019. Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500–1300). Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Delacour, Catherine, and Riboud, Pénélope. 2004. “Un monument funéraire en pierre (Chine, VIe s.) au Musée Guimet.Arts Asiatiques 59, 161–65.Google Scholar
Deluz, Vincent. 2017. “De la clepsydre animée à l’horloge mécanique à automates, entre Antiquité et Moyen Âge.” In Autour des machines de Vitruve. L’ingénerie romaine: textes, archéologie et restitution, edited by Madeleine, Sophie and Fleury, Philippe, 173–94. Caen: Presses universitaires de Caen.Google Scholar
Dessì, Paola. 2010. “Organi, orologi e automi musicali: oggetti sonori per il potere.Acta Musicologica 82(1), 2147.Google Scholar
DeWoskin, Kenneth J. 1982. A Song for One or Two: Music and the Concept of Art in Early China. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickens, Mark. 2016. “More Gravestones in Syriac Script from Tashkent, Panjikent and Ashgabat.” In Winds of Jingjiao: Studies on Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia, edited by Tang, Li and Winkler, Dietmar W., 105–30. Vienna: LIT Verlag.Google Scholar
Doerfer, Gerhard. 1967. Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung älterer neupersischer Geschichtsquellen, vor allem der Mongolen- und Timuridenzeit: Türkische Elemente: ǧī bis kāf. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag.Google Scholar
Eckardt, Hans. 1953. “Somakusa.Sinologica: Review of Chinese Culture and Science 3, 174–89.Google Scholar
Esin, Emel. 1970. “‘Ay-Bitiği’: The Court Attendants in Turkish Iconography.Central Asiatic Journal 14(1/3), 78117.Google Scholar
Farmer, Henry. 1931. The Organ of the Ancients: From Eastern Sources (Hebrew, Syriac and Arabic). London: Reeves.Google Scholar
Farmer, Sharon. 2013. “Aristocratic Power and the ‘Natural’ Landscape: The Garden Park at Hesdin, ca. 1291–1302.Speculum 88(3), 644–80.Google Scholar
Featherstone, Michael. 2007. “Δι’ Ἔνδειξιν: Display in Court Ceremonial (De Cerimoniis II,15).” In The Material and the Ideal: Essays in Mediaeval Art and Archaeology in Honour of Jean-Michel Spieser, edited by Cutler, Anthony and Papaconstantinou, Arietta, 75112. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Furniss, Ingrid. 2009. “Unearthing China’s Informal Musicians: An Archeological and Textual Study of the Shang to Tang Periods.Yearbook for Traditional Music 41, 2341.Google Scholar
Furniss, Ingrid, and Hagel, Stefan. 2017. “Xiwangmu’s Double Pipe: A Musical Link to the Far Hellenist West?Imago Musicae 29, 732.Google Scholar
Garfias, Robert. 1975. Music of a Thousand Autumns: The Tōgaku Style of Japanese Court Music. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Gaulier, Simone. 1973. “Aspects iconographiques des croyances eschatologiques dans le Bassin du Tarim d’après deux documents Pelliot.Arts Asiatiques 28(1), 165–84.Google Scholar
Gershkovich, Yakov. 2011. “Korkut’s Heritage in the Cuman Milieu of the North Pontic Region.” Ukrainian Archaeology, 8190.Google Scholar
Gimm, Martin. 1966. Das Yueh-Fu Tsa-Lu des Tuan An-Chieh: Studien zur Geschichte von Musik, Schauspiel und Tanz in der T’ang-Dynastie. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Gimm, Martin. 2012. “Eine Westliche Pfeifenorgel im China der Mongolenzeit.Zeitschrift Der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 162(2), 439–56.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter, ed. 2000. The King’s Dictionary: The Rasûlid Hexaglot – Fourteenth Century Vocabularies in Arabic, Persian, Turkic, Greek, Armenian, and Mongol. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Graham, Angus Charles, tr. 1960. The Book of Lieh-Tzǔ. London: Murray.Google Scholar
Grenet, Frantz, Riboud, Pénélope, and Junkai, Yang. 2004. “Zoroastrian Scenes on a Newly Discovered Sogdian Tomb in Xi’an, Northern China.Studia Iranica 33, 273–84.Google Scholar
Griffel, Frank. 2009. Al-Ghazali’s Philosophical Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Grünwedel, Albert. 1912. Altbuddhistische Kultstätten in Chinesisch-Turkistan Bericht über archäologische Arbeiten von 1906 bis 1907 bei Kucha, Qarašahr und in der Oase Turfan. Berlin: G. Reimer.Google Scholar
Hamilton, James Russell. 1971. Le conte bouddhique du bon et du mauvais prince en version ouïgoure: manuscrits ouïgours de Touen-Houang. Paris: Klincksieck.Google Scholar
Hansen, Valerie. 2015. Silk Road: A New History. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hillenbrand, Carole. 2011. “Aspects of the Court of the Great Seljuqs.” In The Seljuqs: Politics, Society and Culture, edited by Lange, Christian and Mecit, Songül, 22–38. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Hu, Jun. 2017. “Global Medieval at the ‘End of the Silk Road,’ circa 756 CE: The Shōsō-in Collection in Japan.The Medieval Globe 3(2), 177202.Google Scholar
Battuta, Ibn. 1994. The Travels of Ibn Battuta: A. D. 1325–1354, vol. 4, tr. by Hamilton A. R. Gibb and Charles F. Beckingham. London: The Hakluyt Society.Google Scholar
Ji, Xianlin. 1950. “Liezi and Buddhist Sutras – A Note on the Author of Liezi and the Date of Its Composition.Studia Serica 9(1), 1832.Google Scholar
Juliano, Annette L., and Lerner, Judith A.. 1997. “Cultural Crossroads: Central Asian and Chinese Entertainers on the Miho Funerary Couch.Orientations 28(9), 7278.Google Scholar
Juliano, Annette L., and Lerner, Judith A. 2001. Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China. New York and London: Harry N. Abrams.Google Scholar
Kapstein, Matthew T. 2009. Buddhism Between Tibet and China. Somerville, MA: Wisdom Publications.Google Scholar
Shigeo, Kishibe. 1940. “The Origin of the P’i P’a: With Particular Reference to the Five-Stringed P’i P’a Preserved in the Shôsôin.Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 19, 259304.Google Scholar
Shigeo, Kishibe. 1960. A Historical Study of the Music of the T’ang Dynasty. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press.Google Scholar
Knechtges, David R., and Chang, Taiping, eds. 2014. Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature. Part III. Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature, vols. 3–4. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Krzyzaniak, Michael. 2016. “Timbral Learning for Musical Robots.” PhD thesis, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Kuun, Géza. 1981. Codex Cumanicus. Repr. Budapest: MTAK (Hungarian Academy of Sciences Library).Google Scholar
La Vaissière, Étienne de. 2005. Sogdian Traders: A History. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Lam, Joseph S. C. 1994. “‘There is no Music in Chinese Music History’: Five Court Tunes from the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1271–1368).Journal of the Royal Musical Association 119(2), 165–88.Google Scholar
Lawergren, Bo. 2000. ‘‘Strings.’’ In Music in the Age of Confucius, edited by So, Jenny F., 6586. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.Google Scholar
Lawergren, Bo. 2010. “Ancient Harps near Dunhuang.” In Conservation of Ancient Sites on the Silk Road: Second International Conference on the Conservation of Grotto Sites, Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, People’s Republic of China, June 28–July 3, 2004, edited by Neville, Agnew, 117–24. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Center.Google Scholar
Lawergren, Bo. 2017. “Foreign Instruments in Early China.” Lecture, Shanghai Conservatory of Music, September 15, 2017, www.academia.edu/38329633/Foreign_Instruments_in_Early_China_pdf.Google Scholar
Lawergren, Bo, Neubauer, Eckhard, and Kadyrov, M. H.. 2000. “Music and Musicology, Theatre and Dance.” In History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The Age of Achievement: A.D. 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century; The Achievements, edited by Bosworth, Clifford. E. and Asimov, Muhammad S., IV/2: 590606. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.Google Scholar
Lerner, Judith. 2005. Aspects of Assimilation: The Funerary Practices and Furnishings of Central Asians in China. Sino-Platonic Papers 168. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations.Google Scholar
Lerner, Judith. 2011. “Zoroastrian Funerary Beliefs and Practices Known from the Sino-Sogdian Tombs in China.The Silk Road 9, 1825.Google Scholar
Mei, Li. 2014. “Adaptations of Harps Reflected in Murals of the Chinese Western Regions.Music in Art 39(1–2), 4355.Google Scholar
Mingyue, Liang. 1984. “Review of Laurence Picken et al., eds., Music from the Tang Court. Ethnomusicology 28(2), 359–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mingyue, Liang. 1985. Music of the Billion: An Introduction to Chinese Musical Culture. Wilhelmshaven: Heinrichshofen Edition.Google Scholar
Linder, Gunnar Jinmei. 2012. Deconstructing Tradition in Japanese Music: A Study of Shakuhachi, Historical Authenticity and Transmission of Tradition. PhD thesis, Stockholm University.Google Scholar
Liu, Mau-Tsai. 1958. Die chinesischen Nachrichten zur Geschichte der Ost-Türken (T’u-küe). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Liu, Mau-Tsai. 1969. Kutscha und seine Beziehungen zu China vom 2. Jh. v. bis zum 6. Jh. n. Chr. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Muzio, Lo, Ciro. (In press). “Iranian Dancers in Sino-Sogdian Funerary Reliefs. Some Notes on the Hutengwu.” In Proceedings of the International Academic Conference on Sogdians on the Silk Road, Xi’an, June 25–27, 2021.Google Scholar
Lo Muzio, Ciro. 2019. “Persian ‘Snap’: Iranian Dancers in Gandhāra.” In The Music Road: Coherence and Diversity in Music from the Mediterranean to India, edited by Strohm, Reinhard. Proceedings of the British Academy 223, 7186. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
MacKenzie, David N. n.d. “Codex Cumanicus.” In Encyclopedia Iranica, 885–86. www.iranicaonline.org/articles/codex-cumanicus. Accessed December 16, 2020.Google Scholar
Mahler, Eduard. 1887. “Über eine in einer syrischen Grabinschrift erwähnte Sonnenfinsterniss.Sitzungsberichte Der Kaiserlichen Akademie Der Wissenschaften 95, 359–66.Google Scholar
Mair, Victor H. 1994. The Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Mango, Cyril. 1997. The Art of the Byzantine Empire 312–1453: Sources and Documents. London: University of Toronto Press; Medieval Academy of America.Google Scholar
Mayor, Adrienne. 2018. Gods and Robots: Myths, Machines, and Ancient Dreams of Technology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Mertens, Matthias. 2019. “Did Richthofen Really Coin ‘the Silk Road’?The Silk Road 17, 19.Google Scholar
Museum, Miho. 1997. Miho Museum. [S.I.]: Miho Museum.Google Scholar
Millward, James A. 2007. Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Moule, Arthur C. and Galpin, Francis W.. 1926. “A Western Organ in Medieval China.The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2, 193211.Google Scholar
Myers, John. 1992. The Way of the Pipa: Structure and Imagery in Chinese Lute Music. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.Google Scholar
Needham, Joseph. 1965. Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 4, Physics and Physical Technology, part 2, Mechanical Engineering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Needham, Joseph, Ling, Wang, and De Solla Price, Derek. 1986. Heavenly Clockwork: The Great Astronomical Clocks of Medieval China. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
von Neustadt, Heinrich. 1906. Heinrichs von Neustadt “Apollonius von Tyrland” Nach der Gothaer Handschrift, “Gottes Zukunft” und “Visio Philiberti” Nach Der Heidelberger Handschrift, Herausgegeben von S. Singer, edited by Singer, Samuel. Berlin: Weidmann.Google Scholar
Nickel, Lukas. 2013. “The First Emperor and Sculpture in China.Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 76(3), 413–47.Google Scholar
Nicolas, Arsenio. 2011. “Musical Exchange between India and Southeast Asia.” In Early Interactions between South and Southeast Asia: Reflections on Cross-Cultural Exchange, edited by Manguin, Pierre-Yves, Mani, A., and Wade, Geoff, 343–65. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Nicolas, Arsenio. 2012. “Lineages, Networks, Centers and Peripheries: Musical Exchange in Maritime Asia.” In Understanding Confluences and Contestations, Continuities and Changes: Towards Transforming Society and Empowering People: The Work of 2009–2010 API Fellows, 226–38. The Nippon Foundation.Google Scholar
Nienhauser, William H. 1978. “Once Again, the Authorship of the Hsi-Ching Tsa-Chi (Miscellanies of the Western Capital).Journal of the American Oriental Society 98(3), 219–36.Google Scholar
Qiang, Ning. 2004. Art, Religion, and Politics in Medieval China: The Dunhuang Cave of the Zhai Family. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʼi Press.Google Scholar
Olshin, Benjamin B. 2012. “A Revealing Reflection: The Case of the Chinese Emperor’s Mirror.Icon 18, 122–41.Google Scholar
Ortolani, Benito. 1995. The Japanese Theatre: From Shamanistic Ritual to Contemporary Pluralism. Revised ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Papas, Alexandre. 2019. Thus Spake the Dervish: Sufism, Language, and the Religious Margins in Central Asia, 1400–1900. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Peacock, Andrew. 2019. Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia. Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pelliot, Paul. 1914. “La version ouigoure de l’histoire des princes Kalyāṇaṃkara et Pāpaṃkara.T’oung Pao 15(2), 225–72.Google Scholar
Pelliot, Paul. 1932. “Tokharien et Koutchéen.Journal Asiatique 224, 23106.Google Scholar
Pian, Rulan Chao. 1967. Sonq Dynasty Musical Sources and Their Interpretation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Picken, Laurence. 1955. “The Origin of the Short Lute.The Galpin Society Journal 8, 3242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Picken, Laurence. 1969. “T’ang Music and Musical Instruments.T’oung Pao 55(1), 74122.Google Scholar
Picken, Laurence. 1975. Folk Musical Instruments of Turkey. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Picken, Laurence, ed. 1985a. Music from the Tang Court, vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Picken, Laurence, ed. 1985b. Music from the Tang Court, vol. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Picken, Laurence, ed. 1987. Music from the Tang Court, vol. 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Picken, Laurence, and Nickson, Noël J. 1997. Music from the Tang Court, vol. 6 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Picken, Laurence, and Nickson, Noël J. 2000. Music from the Tang Court 7: Some Ancient Connections Explored. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vílchez, Puerta, Miguel, José. 2017. Aesthetics in Arabic Thought: From Pre-Islamic Arabia through al-Andalus. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Qaddūmī, Ghāda Ḥijjāwī. 1996. Book of Gifts and Rarities (Kitāb al-Hadāyā Wa al-Tuạf): Selections Compiled in the Fifteenth Century from an Eleventh Century Manuscript on Gifts and Treasures. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Raghavan, Venkataraman. 1952. Yantras or Mechanical Contrivances in Ancient India. Basavangudi, Bangalore: Indian Institute of Culture.Google Scholar
Rancier, Megan. 2014. “The Musical Instrument as National Archive: A Case Study of the Kazakh Qyl-Qobyz.Ethnomusicology 58(3), 379404.Google Scholar
Rees, Helen. 2000. Echoes of History: Naxi Music in Modern China. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Reichl, Karl. 1992. Turkic Oral Epic Poetry: Tradition, Forms, Poetic Structure. New York: Garland.Google Scholar
Rhie, Marylin Martin. 2002. Early Buddhist Art of China and Central Asia, vol. 2, The Eastern Chin and Sixteen Kingdoms Period in China and Tumshuk, Kucha and Karashahr in Central Asia. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rippa, Alessandro. 2014. “Re-Writing Mythology in Xinjiang: The Case of the Queen Mother of the West, King Mu and the Kunlun.The China Journal 71, 4364.Google Scholar
Xinjiang, Rong. 2018. “Sogdian Merchants and Sogdian Culture on the Silk Road.” In Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity Rome, China, Iran, and the Steppe, ca. 250–750, edited by Cosmo, Nicola di and Maas, Michael, 8495. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rosenfield, John M. 1968. “A Note on Three Ancient Japanese Dance Masks.Acquisitions (Fogg Art Museum) 1968, 920.Google Scholar
Rothschild, Norman Harry. 2017. “Sumozhe Suppressed, Huntuo Halted: An Investigation into the Nature and Stakes of the Cold-Splashing Sogdian Festal Dramas Performed in Early Eighth Century Tang China.Frontiers of History in China 12(2), 262300.Google Scholar
Saliba, George. 2015. “The Mysterious Provenance of Banū Mūsā’s Treatise on Music.” In Allah’s Automata: Artifacts of the Arab-Islamic Renaissance (800–1200), edited by Zielinski, Siegfried and Weibel, Peter, 5864. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag.Google Scholar
Samir, Imad. 2015. “Banū Mūsā ibn Shākir: A Programmable Universal Musical Automaton: Two Translations.” In Allah’s Automata: Artifacts of the Arab-Islamic Renaissance (800–1200), edited by Zielinski, Siegfried and Weibel, Peter, 6886. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag.Google Scholar
Schaefer, Christiane. 2010. “Multilingualism and Language Contact in Urban Centres along the Silk Road during the First Millennium AD.” In The Urban Mind Cultural and Environmental Dynamics, edited by Paul, J. J. Sinclair, Gullög Nordquist, Herschend, Frands, and Isendahl, Christian, 441–55. Uppsala: Uppsala University.Google Scholar
Schafer, Edward H. 1963. The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A Study of T’ang Exotics. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Scholz, Bernhard Walter. 1972. Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard’s Histories. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Wutian, Sha 沙武田. 2013. “Tangyun hufeng .̶ Mogaoku di 220 ku wudaotu yu Chang’an fengqi 唐韵胡风 – 莫高窟第220窟舞蹈图与长安风气” [The dance scene in Mogao Cave 220 and fashions in Chang’an]. Shaanxi lishi bowuguan guankan 陕西历史博物馆馆刊 [Bulletin of the Shaanxi History Museum] 20, 189205Google Scholar
Wutian, Sha. 2016. “An Image of Nightime Music and Dance in Tang Chang’an: Notes on the Lighting Devices in the Medicine Buddha Transformation Tableau in Mogao Cave 220, Dunhuang.The Silk Road 14, 1941.Google Scholar
Slavin, Philip. 2019. “Death by the Lake: Mortality Crisis in Early Fourteenth-Century Central Asia.Journal of Interdisciplinary History 50(1), 5990.Google Scholar
Star, Susan Leigh, and Griesemer, James R.. 1989. “Institutional Ecology, ‘Translations’ and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907–39.Social Studies of Science 19(3), 387420.Google Scholar
Sultanova, Razia. 2011. From Shamanism to Sufism: Women, Islam and Culture in Central Asia. London : I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Sun, Xiaojing. 2012. “The Sound of Silence: Daqu 大曲 (“Big-Suite”) and Medieval Chinese Performance.” PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Tauer, Felix. 1934. “Continuation du Ẓafarnāma de Niẓāmuddin Šāmī par Ḥāfiẓ-i Abrū. Editée d’après les manuscrits de Stamboul.Archiv Orientální 6, 429–65.Google Scholar
Thilo, Thomas. 2006. Chang’an: Metropole Ostasiens Und Weltstadt Des Mittelalte, Teil 2: Gesellschaft Und Kultur. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Trombert, Eric, and de la Vaissière, Étienne, eds. 2005. Les Sogdiens en Chine. Paris: École française d’Extrême-Orient.Google Scholar
Truitt, E. R. 2015. Medieval Robots: Mechanism, Magic, Nature, and Art. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Gen’ichi, Tsuge. 2019. “Shidurghū: In Search of a Vanished Lute of the Timurid Period.” Studia Instrumentorum Musicae Popularis (New Series) 6, 347–58.Google Scholar
Twitchett, Denis C., and Christie, Anthony H.. 1959. “A Medieval Burmese Orchestra.Asia Major 7, 176–95.Google Scholar
Veselovskiy, Nikolai Ivanovich. 1915. “Sovremennoye sostoyaniye voprosa o ‘Kamennykh Babakh’ ili ‘Balbalakh.’” Zapiski Imperatorskogo Odesskogo Obshchestva Istorii i Drevnostey 32, 408–44.Google Scholar
Vovin, Alexander, Vajda, Edward, and Etienne, de la Vassière. 2016. “Who Were the *Kjet (羯) and What Language Did They Speak?Journal Asiatique 304.1, 125–44.Google Scholar
Waley, Arthur. 1949. Life and Times of Po Chu-i. New York: MacMillan.Google Scholar
Wang, Penglin. 1993. “On the Etymology of English Silk: A Case Study of IE and Altaic Contact.Central Asiatic Journal 37(3–4), 225–48.Google Scholar
Xiaodun, Wang and Xiaohui, Sun. 2004. “Yuebu of the Tang Dynasty: Musical Transmission from the Han to the Early Tang Dynasty.Yearbook of Traditional Music 36, 5064.Google Scholar
Zhenping, Wang. 2005. Ambassadors from the Island of Immortals: China-Japan Relations in the Han-Tang Period. Honolulu: Association for Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Wang-Toutain, Françoise. 1996. “Le sacre du printemps: Les cérémonies bouddhiques du 8e jour du 2e mois.” In De Dunhuang au Japon: etudes chinoises et bouddhiques offertes à Michel Soymié, edited by Drège, Jean-Pierre, 73–92. Geneva: Librairie Droz.Google Scholar
Watson, William. 1979. “Review of Ryoichi Hayashi, The Silk Road and the Shoso-in, tr. Robert Ricketts (New York: Weatherhill; Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1975).” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 42(1), 167–68.Google Scholar
Watt, James C. Y., An Jiayao, Angela F. Howard, Boris I. Marshak, Su Bai, and Feng, Zhao. 2004. China: Dawn of the Golden Age, 200–750 AD. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Watters, Thomas, ed. 1904. On Yuan Chwang’s Travels to India 629–645 A.D. London: Royal Asiatic Society.Google Scholar
Wellesz, Egon. 1961. A History of Byzantine Music and Hymnography. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Whitfield, Susan, ed. 2019. Silk Roads: Peoples, Cultures, Landscapes. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Widdess, Richard. 1995. The Ragas of Early Indian Music: Modes, Melodies, and Musical Notations from the Gupta Period to c. 1250. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Wilkens, Jens. 2015. “Buddhism in the West Uyghur Kingdom and Beyond.” In Transfer of Buddhism Across Central Asian Networks (7th to 13th Centuries), edited by Meinert, Carmen, 189–249. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
William of Rubruck. 1990. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Mongke, 1253–1255, edited by Jackson, Peter and Morgan, David. London: Hakluyt Society.Google Scholar
Hung, Wu. 2020. “Thinking Through Scale: The First Emperor’s Sculptural Enterprise.” In Figurines: Figuration and The Sense of Scale, edited by Elsner, Jaś, 88129. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Xuanzang. 1996. The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions, translated by Li Rongxi. Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation & Research.Google Scholar
Yan, Hong-Sen, and Lin, Tsung-Yi. 2002. “A Study on Ancient Chinese Time Laws and the Time-Telling System of Su Song’s Clock Tower.Mechanism and Machine Theory 37(1), 1533.Google Scholar
Yinliu, Yang 楊蔭瀏. Zhongguo gudai yinyue shigao 中國古代音樂史稿 [Draft History of Ancient Chinese Music], vol. 2. Taipei: Danqing tushu youxian gongsi, 1985.Google Scholar
Shihong, Yao 姚士宏. 1983–1985. “Kejiru sekkutsu hekiga no gakubu keishō キジル石窟壁画の楽舞形象 [Musical Instruments and Dancing Depicted as They Appear in Wall Paintings at the Kizil Grottoes].” In Kijiru Sekkutsu キジル石窟壁画 [The Caves of Kizil] by Shinkyō Uiguru Jichiku Bunbutsu Kanri Iinkai 新疆ウイクル自治区文物管理委員会 [Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region Committee for Cultural Relics] and Haijōken Kijiru Senbutsudō Bunbutsu Hokanjo 拝城県キジル千仏洞窟文物保管所 [Baicheng-xian Kizil Thousand Buddha Caves Cultural Relics Preservation Center], 237–57. Chūgoku sekkutsu 中国石窟 [The Grottoes of China], vol. 2. Tokyo: Heibonsha.Google Scholar
Yatsenko, Sergey. 2012. “Sogdian Costume in Chinese and Sogdian Art of the 6th–8th Centuries.” In Serica – Da Qin Studies in Archaeology, Philology and History of Sino-Western Relations (Selected Problems), edited by Malinowski, Gościwit, Paroń, Aleksander, and Szmoniewski, Bartłomiej Sz, 101–14. Wrocław: Wrocław University.Google Scholar
Zeng, Jinshou. 2003. “Chinas Musik und Musikerziehung im kulturellen Austausch mit den Nachbarländern und dem Westen.” PhD diss., University of Bremen.Google Scholar
Zhalmaganbetov, Zhalgas, Samashev, Zainolla, and Umitkaliev, Ulan. 2015. “Ancient Musicians’ Monuments in the Kazakh Altai.Anthropologist 22(3), 545–52.Google Scholar
Qingjie, Zhang. 2005. “Hutengwu and Huxuanwu: Sogdian Dances in the Northern, Sui and Tang Dynasties.” In Les Sogdiens En Chine, edited by Trombert, Eric and de la Vaissière, Étienne, 93106. Paris: École française d’Extrême-Orient.Google Scholar
Zuxiang, Zheng 鄭祖襄. 2000. “Zai Tan ‘Xijing Zaji’ de ‘Fanyu Zhi Yue’ 再談《西京雜記》的‘璠璵之樂.’ [Discussing Again the “Music of the Fanyu” in the Miscellaneous Records of the Western Capital]” Yinyue Yishu 音樂藝術 [The Art of Music] 3, 1416.Google Scholar
Zürcher, Erik. 1990. “Han Buddhism and the Western Regions.” In Thought and Law in Qin and Han China: Studies Dedicated to Anthony Hulsewé on the Occasion of His Eightieth Birthday, edited by Zürcher, Erik, Lukas, Idema Wilk, and Hulsewe, Anthony, 158–82. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Zürcher, Erik. 2007. The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China. 3rd ed. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Eurasian Musical Journeys
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Eurasian Musical Journeys
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Eurasian Musical Journeys
Available formats
×