Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T00:37:06.909Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Economics of Digital Shopping in Central and Eastern Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2022

Barbara Grabiwoda
Affiliation:
Publicis Commerce
Bogdan Mróz
Affiliation:
SGH Warsaw School of Economics

Summary

Transformations caused by increasing virtual connectivity reach all business touchpoints, but the surge towards digital technologies is not distributed evenly across European markets, with the Central & Eastern Europe (CEE) region showing the strongest diversity of digital adoption levels. This Element outlines the characteristics of CEE digital markets, along with an additional contextual layer investigating online consumer behaviors. In-depth analysis of the similarities and differences in the region will allow the pace of ongoing digitization to be traced. The authors' objective in delivering this Element is to analyze the opportunities presented by the digital economy in CEE and to provide an actionable outlook for the e-commerce potential within the region's markets. Observations are based on in-depth analysis of dependencies between globalization of consumer behaviors and ongoing barriers to digital adoption caused by both economic and geo-political limitations.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781009104302
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 03 March 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrams, K. (2021). Global E-Commerce Forecast 2021, New York: eMarketer Insider Intelligence.Google Scholar
Adekola, A. and Sergi, B. S. (2007). Global Business Management: A Cross-Cultural Perspective, Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Allegro liderem polskiego rynku e-commerce (2020) [Online]. Available at: www.dlahandlu.pl/e-commerce/wiadomosci/allegro-liderem-polskiego-rynku-e-commerce,89671.html (Accessed: 21.06.2021).Google Scholar
Amazon, Allegro, e-commerce w Polsce – jakie są prognozy analityków? (2021) [Online]. Available at: www.dlahandlu.pl/e-commerce/wiadomosci/amazon-allegro-e-commerce-w-polsce-jakie-sa-prognozy-analitykow,98396.html (Accessed: 21.06.2021).Google Scholar
Arnold, S., Chadraba, P., and Springer, P. (2019). Features of Marketing in Central and Eastern Europe. In Marketing Strategies for Central and Eastern Europe, New York: Routledge, pp. 410.Google Scholar
Aslam, M. M. H. and Azhar, S. M. (2013). Globalisation and Development Challenges for Developing Countries. International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 6(2), 158–67.Google Scholar
Banila, N. (2021). Romanian Online Retail Group Books 8.93 bln lei (1.8 bln EUR) in 2020 [Online]. Available at: https://seenews.com/news/romanian-online-retail-group-emag-books-893-bln-lei-18-bln-euro-revenues-in-2020-743118 (Accessed: 30.07.2021).Google Scholar
Beugelsdijk, S., Kostova, K., and Roth, K. (2017). An Overview of Hofstede-inspired Country-Level Culture Research in International Business Since 2006. Journal of International Business Studies, 48, 3047.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bitzer, J. (2000). An Evolutionary View of Post-socialist Restructuring: From Science and Technology Systems to Innovation Systems. In Hirschhausen, Ch and Bitzer, J., eds., The Globalization of Industry and Innovation in Eastern Europe. From Post-socialist Restructuring to International Competitiveness, Cheltenham, UK, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, pp. 1326.Google Scholar
Booth, J. (2020). Visions for 2020: Key Trends Shaping the Digital Marketing Landscape [Online]. Available at: https://blogs.oracle.com/advertising/post/visions-for-2020-key-trends-shaping-the-digital-marketing-landscape (Accessed: 30.06.2021).Google Scholar
Briedis, H., Choi, M., Huang, J., and Kohli, S. (2020). Moving Past Friend or Foe: How to Win with Digital Marketplaces [Online]. Available at: www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/moving-past-friend-or-foe-how-to-win-with-digital-marketplaces (Accessed: 31.07.2021).Google Scholar
Broadband Coverage in Europe (2019). Luxembourg: European Commission [Online]. Available at: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/broadband-coverage-europe-2019 (Accessed: 13.05.2021).Google Scholar
Caccia, W. (2020). E-grocery is Getting Momentum. Is your Brand Seizing Opportunity? [Online]. Available at: www.kantar.com/inspiration/coronavirus/egrocery-gains-momentum-is-your-brand-seizing-the-opportunity (Accessed: 01.08.2021).Google Scholar
Cheliński, R. and Szymkowiak, B. (2019). Cross-Border Commerce – Szansa Czy Zagrożenie?, Warsaw: Izba Gospodarki Elektronicznej, Poczta Polska.Google Scholar
Chirileasa, A. (2019). Romania’s Leading Online E-Retailer eMAG will Enter Third Foreign Market This Year [Online]. Available at: www.romania-insider.com/emag-third-foregin-market-2021-plans (Accessed: 31.07.2021).Google Scholar
Constantin, A. (2019). Four European E-Commerce Leaders, Including eMag, Launch International Marketplace Network [Online]. Available at: https://business-review.eu/news-ro/four-european-ecommerce-leaders-including-emag-launch-international-marketplace-network-205012 (Accessed: 04.07.2021).Google Scholar
Consumer Finance and Retailing in Czech Republic: Euromonitor From Trade Sources & National Statistics (2021) [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/statisticsevolution/index (Accessed: 14.06.2021).Google Scholar
Consumer Finance and Retailing in Hungary: Euromonitor From Trade Sources & National Statistics (2021) [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/statisticsevolution/index (Accessed: 14.06.2021).Google Scholar
Consumer Finance and Retailing in Poland: Euromonitor From Trade Sources & National Statistics (2021) [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/statisticsevolution/index (Accessed: 14.06.2021).Google Scholar
Consumer Finance and Retailing in Romania: Euromonitor From Trade Sources & National Statistics (2021) [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/statisticsevolution/index (Accessed: 14.06.2021).Google Scholar
Consumer Finance and Retailing in Russia: Euromonitor From Trade Sources & National Statistics (2021) [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/statisticsevolution/index (Accessed: 14.06.2021).Google Scholar
Consumer Finance and Retailing in Ukraine: Euromonitor From Trade Sources & National Statistics (2021) [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/statisticsevolution/index (Accessed: 14.06.2021).Google Scholar
Cristea, M. (2021). Romania’s E-commerce Grew by a Third in 2020 [Online]. Available at: https://business-review.eu/business/e-commerce/romanias-e-commerce-market-grew-by-a-third-in-2020-216246 (Accessed: 26.06.2021).Google Scholar
Dan, C. (2021a). E-Commerce in Hungary [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed: 24.06.2021).Google Scholar
Dan, C. (2021b). E-Commerce in Romania [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed: 27.06.2021).Google Scholar
Dan, C. (2021c). Mobile E-Commerce in Hungary [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed: 24.06.2021).Google Scholar
Dan, C. (2021d). Mobile E-Commerce in Romania [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed: 27.06.2021).Google Scholar
Eastern and Central Europe eCommerce Explorer: People Payment Trends (2020) [Online]. Available at: www.rapyd.net/blog/ecommerce-explorer-payment-trends-in-eastern-and-central-europe/ (Accessed: 16.05.2021).Google Scholar
E-Commerce in Bulgaria (2020) [Online]. Available at: https://ecommercenews.eu/ecommerce-in-europe/ecommerce-in-bulgaria/ (Accessed: 12.04.2021).Google Scholar
E-Commerce in Czech Republic (2021) [Online]. Available at: https://cms.law/en/int/expert-guides/ecommerce-in-cee/czech-republic (Accessed: 22.06.2021).Google Scholar
Edwards, K. (2021). European E-Commerce Overview: Moldova [Online]. Available at: https://ecommercegermany.com/blog/european-ecommerce-overview-moldova (Accessed: 25.06.2021).Google Scholar
Escribano, A. and Pena, J. (2021). Productivity in Emerging Countries. Methodology and Firm-Level Analysis based on International Enterprise Business Surveys, Elements in the Economics of Emerging Markets, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European E-commerce Report (2019) [Online]. Available at: https://ecommerce-europe.eu/publications/page/2/ (Accessed: 12.07.2021).Google Scholar
European 2020 Ecommerce Regional Report (2021) [Online]. Available at: https://retailx.net/product/europe-2020/ (Accessed: 16.05.2021).Google Scholar
Europeans have around EUR 773 less in 2020 due to COVID-19 (2021) [Online]. Available at: www.gfk.com/press/Europeans-have-around-773-less-in-2020-due-to-COVID-19 (Accessed: 10.07.2021).Google Scholar
Fleck, J. and Kannengeiser, E. (2020). Digitalization in Central and Eastern Europe: Building Regional Cooperation, Washington, DC: Atlantic Council.Google Scholar
Galante, N., Garcia-Lopez, E., and Monroe, S. (2013). The Future of Online Grocery in Europe, New York: McKinsey & Company.Google Scholar
Galina, T., Urkmez, T., and Ralf, W. (2018). Cross-cultural Variations in Consumer Behavior: A Literature Review of International Studies. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 13, 4971 [Online]. Available at: http://journal.efsa.unsa.ba/index.php/see/article/view/682/247 (Accessed: 18.07.2021).Google Scholar
Geberen, Á. and Wruuck, P. (2021). Towards a New Growth Model in CESEE. Convergence and Competitiveness through Smart, Green and Inclusive Investment, Luxembourg: European Investment Bank.Google Scholar
Gerckens, C., Laizet, F., Läubli, D., and Zgraggen, E. (2021). The Path Forward for European Grocery Retailers [Online]. Available at: www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/the-path-forward-for-european-grocery-retailers (Accessed: 01.08.2021).Google Scholar
Glovo Announces Acquisitions of Delivery Hero in Central and Eastern Europe (2021) [Online]. Available at: https://about.glovoapp.com/en/press/glovo-announces-multiple-acquisitions-of-delivery-hero-in-central-and-eastern-europe/ (Accessed: 01.08.2021).Google Scholar
Goyal, S. L. M. and Sergi, B. S. (2020). Towards a Theory of ‘Smart’ Social Infrastructures at the Base of the Pyramid. A Study of India, Elements in the Economics of Emerging Markets, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Grabiwoda, B. (2018). E-konsumenci jutra. Pokolenie Z i technologie mobilne, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Nieoczywiste.Google Scholar
Grabiwoda, B. and Mróz, B. (2021). Generation Z: The New Mobile Consumers. Empirical Evidence from Poland. International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies (in press).Google Scholar
Harji, R. (2021). Digital Disruption has Taken Hold of Consumer Behaviour (or Vice-Versa). [Online]. Available at: www.itproportal.com/2015/08/29/digital-disruption-taken-hold-consumer-behaviour-or-vice-versa/ (Accessed: 22.05.2021).Google Scholar
Hedley, D. (2007). East is East and West is West. Regional Consumer Attitude Comparisons. [Online]. Available at: https://blog.euromonitor.com/east-is-east-and-west-is-west-regional-consumer-attitude-comparisons-introduction/ (Accessed: 13.07.2021).Google Scholar
Ch., Hirschhausen and Bitzer, J. (2000). Introduction: Which Industrial and Innovation Policies are Appropriate for Post-socialist Eastern Europe? In Ch. Hirschhausen and J. Bitzer, eds., The Globalization of Industry and Innovation in Eastern Europe. From Post-socialist Restructuring to International Competitiveness, Cheltenham, UK, Northampton MA: Edward Elgar, pp. 110.Google Scholar
Hirsh, R. (2021). Amazon rozczarował polskim sklepem, więc akcje Allegro drożeją [Online]. Available at: https://businessinsider.com.pl/piec-najciekawszych-wydarzen-w-gospodarce-teraz-raport-03-marca-2021/n76s1k1 (Accessed: 23.06.2021).Google Scholar
Högselius, P. (2005). The Dynamics of Innovation in Eastern Europe. Lessons from Estonia, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, H. (2021). Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. in Retailing (World), London: Euromonitor.Google Scholar
Ignatowicz, K., Marciniak, T., Purta, M., et al. (2018). The Rise of Digital Challengers, New York: McKinsey & Company.Google Scholar
Iszkowska, J. et al. (2021). Digital Challengers in the Next Normal, New York: McKinsey & Company.Google Scholar
Kemp, S. (2021). Digital 2021: Moldova [Online], Available at: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-moldova (Accessed: 26.06.2021).Google Scholar
Khoruzhyy, I. (2021a). E-Commerce in Belarus. Country Report [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed 21.06.2021).Google Scholar
Khoruzhyy, I. (2021b). E-Commerce in Bulgaria. Country Report [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed 21. 06.2021).Google Scholar
Khoruzhyy, I. (2021c). E-Commerce in Ukraine. Country Report [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed 21.06.2021).Google Scholar
Khoruzhyy, I. (2021d). Mobile E-Commerce in Belarus. Country Report [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed 21.06.2021).Google Scholar
Khoruzhyy, I. (2021e). Mobile E-Commerce in Bulgaria. Country Report [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed 21.06.2021).Google Scholar
Khoruzhyy, I. (2021f). Mobile E-Commerce in Ukraine. Country Report [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed 21.06.2021).Google Scholar
Kohli, S., Timelin, B., Fabius, V., and Moulvard Veranen, S. (2020). How COVID-19 is Changing Consumer Behavior – Now and Forever, New York: McKinsey & Company.Google Scholar
Kucia, M., Hajduk, G., Mazurek, G., and Kotula, N. (2021). The Implementation of New Technologies in Customer Value Management – A Sustainable Development Perspective. Sustainability, 13(2). [Online]. Available at: www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/2/469 (Accessed 24.09.2021).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labaye, E., Sjatil, P. E., Bogdan, W., et al. (2013). A New Dawn: Reigniting Growth in Central and Eastern Europe, New York: McKinsey & Company.Google Scholar
Lamoda Posts 23.5% Sales Growth Year-on-Year, Develops Marketplace Model (2019) [Online]. Available at: www.ewdn.com/2019/06/03/lamoda-sales-records-23-5-sales-growth-year-on-year-develops-marketplace-model/ (Accessed: 31.07.2021).Google Scholar
Lunden, I. (2013). Rocket Internet’s “Blitzkrieg”. JP Morgan Invests in Russian Fashion Site LaModa [Online]. Available at: https://techcrunch.com/2012/09/03/jp-morgan-chips-in-for-another-rocket-internet-venture-russian-fashion-site-lamoda/ (Accessed: 31.07.2021).Google Scholar
Maciejewski, G., Malinowska, M., Kucharska, B., Kucia, M., and Kolny, B. (2021). Sustainable Development as a Factor Differentiating Consumer Behavior: The Case of Poland. European Research Studies Journal, 0(3). [Online]. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/a/ers/journl/vxxivy2021i3p934-948.html (Accessed 24.09.2021).Google Scholar
Mander, J., Buckle, Ch, and Hopkins, I. (2020). Commerce Flagship Report, New York: Global Web Index.Google Scholar
Mander, J., Buckle, Ch., and Morris, T. (2020). Device Flagship Report, New York: Global Web Index.Google Scholar
Manyika, J., Lund, S., Bughin, J., et al. (2016). Digital Globalization. The New Era of Global Flows, New York: McKinsey & Company.Google Scholar
Marciniak, T., Novak, J., Pastusiak, B., and Purta, M. (2021). Digital Challengers in the Next Normal in Central and Eastern Europe [Online]. Available at: www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/digital-challengers-in-the-next-normal-in-central-and-eastern-europe (Accessed: 13.07.2021).Google Scholar
Marrow, A. (2021). AliExpress Russia Looks at Possible IPO, Reports $3 Billion in Transaction Volumes [Online]. Available at: www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-retail-aliexpress-idUSKBN2BU0RX (Accessed: 01.07.2021).Google Scholar
Martinez-Ruiz, M. and Moser, K. S. (2019). Studying Consumer Behavior in an Online Context: The Impact of the Evolution of the World Wide Web for New Avenues in Research. Frontiers in Psychology, 2731(10). [Online]. Available at: www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02731/full (Accessed 28.05.2021).Google Scholar
Milasevic, M. (2021a). E-Commerce in the Czech Republic. Country Report [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed 22.06.2021).Google Scholar
Milasevic, M. (2021b). E-Commerce in Poland. Country Report [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed 22.06.2021).Google Scholar
Milasevic, M. (2021c). E-Commerce in Slovakia. Country Report [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed 01.07.2021).Google Scholar
Milasevic, M. (2021d). Mobile E-Commerce in the Czech Republic. Country Report [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed 22.06.2021).Google Scholar
Milasevic, M. (2021e). Mobile E-Commerce in Poland. Country Report [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed 22.06.2021).Google Scholar
Milasevic, M. (2021f). Mobile E-Commerce in Slovakia. Country Report [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/tab (Accessed 22.06.2021).Google Scholar
Mooij, de, M. (2018). Global Marketing and Advertising. Understanding Cultural Paradoxes, London: SAGE Publications.Google Scholar
Mróz, B. (2013). Konsument w globalnej gospodarce. Trzy perspektywy, Warsaw: Oficyna Wydawnicza Szkoła Główna Handlowa.Google Scholar
Mróz, B. (2021a). Consumers and Businesses Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Shock to “New Normality”. In Jankowska, M. and Pawełczyk, M., eds., Fashion Industry Copes with COVID-19. A Legal, Technological and Sociological Reflection, Katowice: Instytut Prawa Gospodarczego Sp. Z o.o., pp. 3547.Google Scholar
Mróz, B. (2021b). Consumer Shopping Behaviours on Social Media Platforms: Trends, Challenges, Business Opportunities. In Doligalski, T., Goliński, M. and Kozłowski, K., eds., Disruptive Platforms: Markets, Ecosystems, Monopolists, Abingdon-New York: Routledge, pp. 113–29.Google Scholar
Namysł, W., Jurkanis, T., Yearwood, K., and Sikora, E. (2019). Online as the Key Frontline in the European Fashion Market, New York: McKinsey & Company.Google Scholar
Nolke, A. and Vliegenthart, A. (2009). Enlarging the Varieties of Capitalism: The Emergence of Dependent Market Economies in East Central Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [Online]. Available at: www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/abs/enlarging-the-varieties-of-capitalism-the-emergence-of-dependent-market-economies-in-east-central-europe/D4E3D3A7F4ED64CCEDEF71780DAD1547 (Accessed: 12.07.2021).Google Scholar
Novak, J., Filip, A., Valachovicova, I., et al. (2021). Twelve Million New Online Service Users in CEE [Online]. Available at: www.mckinsey.com/pl/en/our-insights/digital-challengers-artykul (Accessed: 09.07.2021).Google Scholar
Online Shopping Ever More Popular in 2020 [Online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20210217-1 (Accessed: 27.06.2021).Google Scholar
Paunescu, A. (2021). GPeC Romanian E-Commerce 2020 Report: 5.6 Billion EUR Worth of Online Shopping, a +30% YoY Growth [Online]. Available at: www.gpec.ro/blog/en/gpec-romanian-e-commerce-2020-report-5-6-billion-euro-worth-of-online-shopping-a-30-yoy-growth (Accessed: 26.06.2021).Google Scholar
Peterson, M. and Barreto, T. S. (2015). Editor’s Introduction: Culture Across Social Sciences. In Peterson, M. F., ed., Cross-cultural Research, Vol. 4, pp. 14, London: Sage.Google Scholar
Pfirrmann, O. and Walter, G. H. (2002). Small Firms and Entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern Europe, Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH.Google Scholar
Poletajevas, B. (2021a). E-Commerce in Russia. Country Report [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/ResultsList/Index (Accessed 28.06.2021).Google Scholar
Poletajevas, B. (2021b). Global Consumer Trends in Eastern Europe [Online]. Available at: https://blog.euromonitor.com/global-consumer-trends-in-eastern-europe/ (Accessed: 18.07.2021).Google Scholar
Poletajevas, B. (2021c). Mobile Commerce in Russia. Country Report [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/ResultsList/Index (Accessed 28.06.2021).Google Scholar
Power, D. (2021). Looking to Get Your Brand Discovered? Why a Niche Online Marketplace Might Be For You [Online]. Available at: www.uschamber.com/co/grow/marketing/how-online-marketplaces-help-new-brands (Accessed: 31.07.2021).Google Scholar
Real GDP Growth Rate (2020) [Online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/tec00115&lang=en (Accessed: 10.04.2021).Google Scholar
Retailing in Belarus: Euromonitor From Trade Sources & National Statistics (2021) [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/statisticsevolution/index (Accessed: 10.06.2021).Google Scholar
Retailing in Bulgaria: Euromonitor From Trade Sources & National Statistics (2021) [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/statisticsevolution/index (Accessed: 10.06.2021).Google Scholar
Retailing in Slovakia: Euromonitor From Trade Sources & National Statistics (2021) [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/statisticsevolution/index (Accessed: 10.06.2021).Google Scholar
Retail mCommerce Sales Growth Worldwide (2021) [Online]. Available at: https://chart-na1.emarketer.com/242923/retail-mcommerce-sales-growth-worldwide-by-region-2021-change (Accessed: 16.05.2021).Google Scholar
Revinova, S. (2019). E-commerce in BRICS: Similarities and Differences. International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 12(4), 377–90.Google Scholar
Ribeiro, H. (2020). Zalando SE Passport – Company Report [Online]. Available at: www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/Analysis/Tab# (Accessed: 31.07.2021).Google Scholar
Rosenberg, N. (1983). Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sass-Staniszewska, P. and Binert, K. (2020). E-Commerce w Polsce 2020, Warsaw: Izba Gospodarki Elektronicznej, Gemius.Google Scholar
Selling Online in Belarus (2020) [Online]. Available at: https://merchants.glopal.com/en-us/sell-online/belarus (Accessed: 15.05.2021).Google Scholar
Sergi, B. S., ed. (2019). Tech, Smart Cities, and Regional Development in Contemporary Russia, Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited.Google Scholar
Sergi, B. S., Bagatelas, W. T., and Kubicova, J., eds. (2007). Industries and Markets in Central and Eastern Europe, Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Solomon, M., Bamossy, G., Askegaard, S., and Hogg, M. K. (2010). Consumer Behaviour: A European Perspective. 4th Edition, London: Pearson.Google Scholar
Stratten, J. (2020). Why E-commerce Leader BonPrix’s Newest Concept is in Physical Retail [Online]. Available at: www.insider-trends.com/why-ecommerce-leader-bonprixs-newest-concept-is-in-physical-retail/ (Accessed: 31.07.2021).Google Scholar
Szanyi, M. (2021). Catching-Up Opportunities of East-Central European States in the Context of Technology Cycles. In Gerocs, T., and Ricz, J., eds., The Post-Crisis Developmental State. Perspectives from the Global Peryphery, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 5375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szanyi, M. and Szabo, G. (2020). Defining the Long-term Development Trends of Countries in East-Central Europe in the Context of Political Cycles. International Journal of Public Administration [Online], Available at: www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01900692.2020.1749850?journalCode=lpad20 (Accessed: 11.07.2021).Google Scholar
Szunomár, A. (2020). Emerging Market Multinational Enterprises in East Central Europe, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
The e-Commerce Market in Bulgaria (2020) [Online]. Available at: https://ecommercedb.com/en/markets/bg/all (Accessed: 12.04.2021).Google Scholar
The e-Commerce Market in Russia (2021) [Online]. Available at: https://ecommercedb.com/en/markets/ru/all (Accessed: 28.06.2021).Google Scholar
Tjon Pian Gi, M. and Spielvogel, J. (2021) [Online]. E-Commerce is Shifting How European Grocery Retailers Seek Profitable Growth [Online]. Available at: www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/e-commerce-is-shifting-how-european-grocery-retailers-seek-profitable-growth (Accessed: 04.07.2021).Google Scholar
Top 100 E-Commerce Retailers in Europe (2020) [Online]. Available at: www.retail-index.com/E-commerceretail.aspx (Accessed: 02.07.2021).Google Scholar
Top Sites Ranking for Lifestyle and Fashion Apparel (2021) [Online]. Available at: www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ukraine/category/lifestyle/fashion-and-apparel/ (Accessed: 04.07.2021).Google Scholar
Tsiotsou, R. H. (2019). Rate my Firm: Cultural Differences in Service Evaluations. Journal of Services Marketing, 33(7), 815–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turpin, K., Jędrak, D., Pop, S., and Michnikowska, K. (2021). Exceeding Borders – CEE-17 Retail Report in Times of the Pandemic, Colliers International [Online]. Available at: www.colliers.com/en-pl/news/kondycja-rynkow-handlowych-w-regionie-europy-srodkowo-wschodniej-w-pandemii (Accessed: 16.06.2021).Google Scholar
United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (2021) [Online]. Available at: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ungegn/divisions/#division-14 (Accessed: 04.03.2021).Google Scholar
Van Rompaey, S. (2021). Online Food Retailer Rohlik Plans European Expansion with Dirsuptive Business Model [Online]. Available at: www.retaildetail.eu/en/news/food/online-food-retailer-rohlik-plans-european-expansion-disruptive-business-model (Accessed: 01.08.2021).Google Scholar
Verscheueren, Ch., Läubli, D., Laizet, F., and D’Auria, G., eds. (2021). Disruption and Uncertainty. The State of Grocery Retail 2021 in Europe, New York: McKinsey & Company.Google Scholar
Wamboye, E., Tochkov, K., and Sergi, B. S. (2015). Technology Adoption and Growth in sub-Saharan African Countries. Comparative Economic Studies, 57, 136–67.Google Scholar
Yakovlev, A. (2021). On Big Cycles in Development of Global Capitalism. In Gerocs, T. and Ricz, J., eds., The Post-Crisis Developmental State. Perspectives from the Global Peryphery, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 3353.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

The Economics of Digital Shopping in Central and Eastern Europe
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

The Economics of Digital Shopping in Central and Eastern Europe
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

The Economics of Digital Shopping in Central and Eastern Europe
Available formats
×