Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-55f67697df-4ks9w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-05-08T11:26:28.479Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
Series:   Elements in Archaeological Perspectives on Materials and Technologies

Glazed Ceramics of the Islamic World 700–1600 CE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 April 2025

Moujan Matin  and
Michael Tite
Moujan Matin
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Michael Tite
Affiliation:
University of Oxford

Summary

Of all the material culture of the Islamic World prior to the sixteenth century, only ceramics survive in a way which forms a continuous representative visual history. As such, ceramics provide a unique collection of material from which to study the history of technology. The main technological developments associated with glazed Islamic ceramics were the introduction of tin-opacified glazes, stonepaste bodies, and an extended range of colorants. For each of these developments, consideration is given to the reasons why new technologies were introduced, from where the ideas for the new technologies originated, and why particular technological choices were made. In addition, brief consideration is given both to the very different glaze technologies employed in contemporary China, and to the subsequent spread of the glazed Islamic technology into Western Europe.
Get access

Keywords

ceramicsglazestechnologyinnovationsIslam
Type
Element
Information
Series: Elements in Archaeological Perspectives on Materials and Technologies
Online ISBN: 9781009582919
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 08 May 2025

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Element purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Aarab, A., Shojaee-Esfahani, A., Xu, S., and Yang, Y., 2025. Characterizing the earliest black and turquoise wares in 12th century Persia. Journal of Archaeological Sciences: Reports, 61, paper 104928 (11pgs).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akbari, A., 2019. Shaah-kureh, Kashan: Moassesseh-i Kashan, Khaneh-i Sufal [in Persian].Google Scholar
Al-Hassan, , 2009. An eighth century Arabic Treatise on the colouring of glass Kitāb al-Durra al-Maknūna (The Book of the Hidden Pearl) of Jābir Ibn Ḥayyān (c.721_c. 815), Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 19(01), 1–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allan, J. W., 1973. Abū’l-Qāsim’s Treatise on Ceramics, IRAN, 11, 111–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ardizzone, F., Pezzini, E., and Sacco, V., 2018. Chapter 18 Aghlabid Palermo: Written sources and archaeological evidence, in Anderson, G. D., Fenwick, C., and Rosser-Owen, M. (eds.), The Aghlabids and Their Neighbors: Art and Material Culture in Ninth-Century North Africa. Boston: Brill, 362–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, P., Hatcher, H., and Tite, M., 1997. Changes in Byzantine glazing technology from the ninth to thirteenth centuries, in d’archimbaud, Gabrielle Demians (ed.), La céramique médiévale en Méditerranée, Actes du 6e Congrès, Aix-en-Provence. Narration, Aix-en-Provence. 6, 225–229.Google Scholar
Bagci, Y., 2016. Colours of the Caliphs, Shades of the Thughur al Sham: Revisiting Early Islamic Ceramics from 1935–1948 Gozlukule Excavations in Tarsus (Southern Turkey), unpublished PhD thesis, Leiden: University of Leiden.Google Scholar
Bahgat, A. B., and Massoul, F., 1930. La Céramique Musulmane de l’Egypte, Cairo.Google Scholar
Ben Amara, A., Schvoerer, M., Daoulatli, A., and Rammah, M., 2001. ‘Jaune de Raqqada’ et autres couleurs de céramiques glaçurées aghlabides de Tunisie (IX – X siècles), Revue d’Archéométrie. Imprimerie de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale. 25, 179–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bazl, F., 1939. The ceramic arts (D): Contemporary techniques, in Pope, A. U. and Ackerman, Ph (eds.), A Survey of Persian Art, vol. IV, London: Oxford University Press, 1703–1706.Google Scholar
Beltrán, J., 2009. Pisa arcaica decorada en verde y/o manganeso de Barcelona y cerámica vidriada: Un contexto de la primera mitad del siglo XIII, Actas del VIII Congreso Internacional de Cerámica Medieval en el Mediterráneo, 2, 635–651.Google Scholar
Ben Amara, A., Schvoerer, M., Thierrin-Michael, G., and Rammah, M., 2005. Distinction de céramiques glaçurées aghlabides ou fatimides (IXe- XIe siècles, Ifriqiya) par la mise en évidence de diférences de texture au niveau de l’interface glaçure – terre cuite, Archéo-Sciences, 29, 35–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berti, G., 1995. Introduzione di nuove tecniche ceramiche nell’Italia centro-settentrionale, in Boldrini, E., and Francovich, R. (eds.), Acculturazione e mutamenti: Prospettive nell’archeologia medieval del Mediterraneo. Firenze: All’Insegna del Giglio, 263–283.Google Scholar
Blake, H., 2021. Archaic Maiolicas in the North, c. 1280–1450, in Mallet, J. V. G. and Sani, E. P. (eds.), Papers of a Symposium Held at Oxford in Celebration of Timothy Wilson’s Catalogue of Maiolica in the Ashmolean Museum. Oxford: Ashmolean Museum, 25–56.Google Scholar
Bongianino, U. V., 2014. ‘And their figures and colours should be different’ incised and carved glazed wares from Fustat (9th–12th century) in the Martin Collection (International Museum of Ceramics in Faenza) – part I, Faenza, 2, 28–48.Google Scholar
Bongianino, U. V., 2015. ‘And their figures and colours should be different’ incised and carved glazed wares from Fustat (9th–12th century) in the Martin Collection (International Museum of Ceramics in Faenza) – part II, Faenza, 2, 8–31.Google Scholar
Bongianino, U. V., 2017. ‘And their figures and colours should be different’ incised and carved glazed wares from Fustat (9th–12th century) in the Martin Collection (International Museum of Ceramics in Faenza) – part III, Faenza, 1, 9–25.Google Scholar
Boucharlat, R., 1993. Pottery in Susa during the Seleucid, Parthian and early Sasanian Periods, in Finkbeiner, U. (ed.), Materialien zur Archäologie der Seleukiden – und Partherzeit im südlichen Babylonien und im Golfgebiet, Tübingen: Deutches Archäologisches Institute Abteilung Baghdad, 42–57.Google Scholar
Bouquillon, A., Coquinot, Y., and Doublet, C., 2012. Chapter III: Pottery study and analyses, in Rante, R. and Collinet, A. (eds.), Nishapur Revisited: Stratigraphy and Ceramics of the Qohandez. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 56–135.Google Scholar
Brughmans, T., and Poblome, J., 2016. Roman bazaar or market economy? Explaining tableware distributions through computational modelling, Antiquity, 90(350), 293–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burlot, J., Waksman, S. Y., Böhlendorf-Arslan, B. et al., 2018. The early Turkish Pottery productions in Western Anatolia: Provenances, contextualization and techniques, in Yenişehirlioğlu, F. (ed.), Proceedings of the 11th International Congress AIECM3 on Medieval and Modern Period Mediterranean Ceramics, Antalya, 19–24 October 2015. Ankara: Koç University VEKAM, 427–430.Google Scholar
Burlot, J., Waksman, S. Y., Bellot-Gurlet, L., and Simsek-Franci, G., 2020. The glaze production technology of an early Ottoman pottery (mid-14th–16th century): The case of ‘miletus ware’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 29, 1–11.Google Scholar
Burlot, J., and Waksman, S. Y., 2021. Cultural, technological, and economic changes in Western Anatolia: Observing the Byzantine-Ottoman transition (13th–15th Centuries) through Glazed Tableware, in Kontogiannis, N. D., Böhlendorf-Arslan, B., and Yenişehirlioğlu, F. (eds.), Glazed Wares as Cultural Agents in the Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman Lands. Istanbul: Koç University Press, 157–190.Google Scholar
Centlivres-Demont, M., 1971. Une communauté de potiers en Iran: le centre de Meybod (Yazd), Wiesbaden: L. Reichert in Kommision bei O. Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Cheng, M., 2016. Persian glazed ceramics: Evidence of early maritime Silk Road, Public Archaeology, 9, 5865.Google Scholar
Clark, R., Cridland, L., Kariuki, B., Harris, K., and Withnall, R., 1995. Synthesis, structural characterisation and Raman spectroscopy of the inorganics pigments lead tin yellow types I and II and lead antimony yellow: Their identification on medieval paintings and manuscripts, Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 16, 2577–2582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Degryse, P., Gonzalez, S. N., Vanhaecke, F., Dillis, S., and Ham-Meert, Van, 2024. The rise and fall of antimony: Sourcing the ‘colourless’ in Roman glass, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 53, 104344, 1–8.Google Scholar
Di Febo, R., Fernández, M. M., Capelli, C. et al., 2012. Noves dades sobre la producció de ceràmica medieval de Barcelona. La caracterització arqueomètrica del taller del Carrer de Carders, Quaderns D’Arqueologia I Historia de La Ciutat De Barcelona (Quarhis), Epoca II, Numero 08, 150–164. Barcelona: Museu D’Historia De Barcelona.Google Scholar
Fiorentino, S., 2021. A Tale of two legacies: Byzantine and Egyptian influences in the manufacture and supply of glass Tessarea under the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 AD), Heritage, 4, 2810–2834.Google Scholar
Franchi, R., Tonghini, C., Paloschi, F., and Soldi, M., 1995. Medieval Syrian Fritware: Materials and manufacturing techniques, in Vincenzini, P. (ed.), The Ceramics Cultural Heritage, TECHNA- Monographs in Materials and Society 2, Faenza: Techna, 197–205.Google Scholar
Freestone, I.C., Yeğingil, Z., and Arık, R., 2009. Scientific analysis of glazed tile from the Seljuq Palace of Kubad-Âbâd, Lake Beyşehir, Turkey, in McCarthy, B., Chase, E. Salzman, Cort, L. Allison, Douglas, J. G., and Jett, P. (eds.), Scientific Research on Historic Asian Ceramics: Proceedings of the Fourth Forbes Symposium at the Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, DC: Archetype Publications, 3–8.Google Scholar
Frierman, J. D., 1970. Physical and chemical properties of some medieval near eastern glazed, in Berger, R. (ed.), Scientific Methods in Medieval Archeology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 379–388.Google Scholar
Frye, R., 1975. The SĀMĀNIDS, in Frye, R. (ed.), The Cambridge History of Iran, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 136–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gayraud, R.P., Vallauri, L., 2017. Fouilles d’Isṭabl ʻAntar : Céramiques d’ensembles des IXe et Xe siècles, Le Caire: Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire.Google Scholar
Gill, M. S., Rehren, Th., and Freestone, I., 2014. Tradition and indigeneity in Mughal architectural glazed tiles, Journal of Archaeological Science, 49, 546–555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, M. S., and Rehren, Th., 2017. An analytical evaluation of historic glazed tiles from Makli and Lahore, Pakistan, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 16, 266–275.Google Scholar
Golombek, L., Mason, R., and Proctor, P., 2014. Persian Pottery in the First Global Age: The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grabar, O., Holod, R., Knustad, J., and Trousdale, W., 1978. City in the Desert: Qasr al-Hayr East, 2 vols, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Guichard, P., 2015. Esplendor y fragilidad de al-Andalus, Granada: Fundación El Legado andalusí.Google Scholar
Guillermina, J., Peli, A., and Makariou, S., 2005. Suse: terres cuites islamiques, Gand: Snoeck, Paris: Musée du Louvre.Google Scholar
Gulmini, M., Giannini, R., Lega, A. M., Manna, G., and Mirti, P., 2013. Technology of production of Ghaznavid Glazed Pottery from Bust and Lashkar-i Bazar (Afghanistan), Archaeometry, 55(4), 569–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guy, J., 2005. Early ninth-century Chinese export ceramics and the Persian Gulf connection: The Belitung shipwreck evidence, in Findakly, Éditions (ed.), Chine-Méditerranée, Routes et échanges de la céramique jusqu’au XVIe Siècle, TAOCI, Paris: Musée Guimet, vol. 4, 9–20.Google Scholar
Hallett, J., 2000. Trade and Innovation: The Rise of the Pottery Industry in Abbasid Basra, unpublished DPhil thesis, Trinity College, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Hamed, I., 1988. Introduction à l’étude archéologique des deux routes syrienne et égyptienne de pélerinage au nord-ouest de l’Arabie Saoudite, unpublished PhD thesis, Université de Provence.Google Scholar
Hill, D. V., 2006. The Materials and Technology of Glazed Ceramics from the Deh Luran Plain, Southwestern Iran: A Study in Innovation, BAR International Series.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, E., 2021. The decline of Green-Glazed Jars after the early Abbasid Period, Islamic Law and Society. Oxford: John and Erica Hedges, 28, 415–457.Google Scholar
Henderson, J., 1989. Iznik Ceramics: A Technical Examination, in Iznik– the Pottery of Ottoman Turkey (eds. Atasoy, N. and Raby, J. ), 65–69, 84–87, London: Alexandria Press.Google Scholar
Henderson, J., and Raby, J., 1989. The technology of sixteenth-century Turkish tiles: An interim statement on the origins of the Iznik industry, World Archaeology, 21, 115–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henshaw, C. M., 2010. Early Islamic Ceramics and Glazes of Akhsiket, Uzbekistan, Unpublished PhD dissertation, Department of Archaeology, University of College London.Google Scholar
Holakooei, P., de Laprouse, J. F., Car., F. et al., 2019. Non-invasive scientific studies on the provenance and technology of early Islamic ceramics from Afrasiyab and Nishapur, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 24, 759–772.Google Scholar
Holakooei, P., Mishmastnehi, M., Moloodi Arani, A., Röhrs, S., and Franke, U., 2023. Materials and technique of lajvardina ceramics from the thirteenth to fourteenth century Iran, Archaeological and Anthropological Studies, 15(33), 1–15.Google Scholar
Hourani, G. F., 1995. Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times, Revised and expanded by John Carswel, Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hurst, D., and Freestone, I., 1996. Lead glazing technique from a medieval kiln site at Hanley Swan, Worcestershire, Medieval Ceramics, 20, 13–18.Google Scholar
Jenkins-Madina, M., 2006. Raqqa Revisited: Ceramics of Ayyubid Syria, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.Google Scholar
Kennet, D., 2004. Sasanian and Islamic Pottery from Ras al-Khaimah: Classification Chronology and Analysis of Trade in the Western Indian Ocean, British Archaeological Reports International Series 1248/Society for Arabian Studies Monographs 1, Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Kervran, M., 1977. Les niveaux islamiques du secteur oriental de l’Apadana, II. – Le matériel céramique, Cahiers de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Iran, 7, 75–161.Google Scholar
Kevran, M., 1979. Une sucrerie d’époque islamique sur la rive droite du chaour à Suse: II, le material archaeologique, Cahiers de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Iran, 10, 177–237.Google Scholar
Kiefer, Ch., 1956. Les Céramiques siliceuses d’Anatolie et du Moyen Orient, Bulletin de la Société française de Céramique, 30, 3–24.Google Scholar
Kingery, W. D., and Vandiver, P. B., 1986. Ceramic Masterpieces: Art, Structure and Technology, New York: The Free Press, 135–147.Google Scholar
Klesner, C. E., MacDonald, B. L., Dussubieux, L., Akymbek, Y., and Vandiver, P. B., 2019. Local production and long-distance trade of Islamic glazed ceramics in Central Asia: a compositional analysis of ceramics from Southern Kazakhstan by NAA and LA-ICP-MS, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 26, 101905.Google Scholar
Klesner, C., Renson, V., Akymbek, Y., and Killick, D., 2021. Investigation of provenances of Early Islamic lead glazes from northern Central Asia using elemental and lead isotope analyses, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 13(203), 1–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koss, K., McCarthy, B., Chase, E. S., and Smith, D., 2009. Analysis of Persian Painted Minai Ware, in McCarthy, B., Chase, E. S., Cort, L. A., Douglas, J. G., and Jett, P. (eds.), Scientific Research on Historic Asian Ceramics: Proceedings of Fourth Forbes Symposium at the Freer Gallery of Art, London: Archetype Publications, 33–47.Google Scholar
Krahl, R. (ed.), 2001. Shipwrecked: Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds, Exhibition Catalogue, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, Singapore: National Heritage Board.Google Scholar
Kühn, H., 1968. Lead-tin yellow, Studies in Conservation, 13, 1, 7–33.Google Scholar
Lane, A., 1947. Early Islamic Pottery: Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Persia, London: Faber & Faber.Google Scholar
Lane, A., 1957a. Later Islamic Pottery: Persia, Syria, Egypt, Turkey, London: Faber & Faber.Google Scholar
Lane, A., 1957b. The Ottoman Pottery of Isnik, Ars Orientalis, 2, 247–81.Google Scholar
Logar, N., 1995. Die Keramik des mittelalterlichen Wohnkomplexes in Resafa, Damaszener Mitteilumgen, 8, 269–291.Google Scholar
Marchesi, H., Thiriot, J., and Vallauri, L., 1997. Marseille, les ateliers de potiers du XIIIe s. et le quartier Sainte-Barbe (Ve-XVIIIe s.), Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martínez Ferreras, V., Fusaro, A., Gurt Esparraguera, J. M., et al., 2019. The Islamic Ancient Termez through the lens of ceramics: A new archaeological and archaeometric study, IRAN, 58(2),1–29.Google Scholar
Mason, R. B., 1991. Petrography of Islamic ceramics. in Middleton, A. and Freestone, I. C. (eds.), Recent Developments in Ceramic Petrology, London: British Museum Occasional Paper no. 81, 185–209.Google Scholar
Mason, R. B., 1994. Islamic Glazed Pottery: 700–1250, Unpublished DPhil dissertation, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Mason, R. B., 1996. The response I: Petrography and provenance of Timurid ceramics, in Golombek, L., Mason, R. B., and Bailey, G. A. (eds.), Tamerlane’s Tableware: A New Approach to the Chinoiserie Ceramics of Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Iran, Costa Meza, Toronto: Mazda Publishers in association with the Royal Ontario Museum, 16–56.Google Scholar
Mason, R. B., 2004. Shine Like the Sun: lustre-Painted and Associated Pottery from the Medieval Middle East, Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers in association with Royal Ontario Museum.Google Scholar
Mason, R. B., and Keall, J., 1990. Petrography of Islamic Pottery from Fustat, Journal of the American Research Centre in Egypt, 27, 165–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, R. B., and Tite, M. S., 1994. The beginnings of Islamic stonepaste technology, Archaeometry, 36(1), 77–91.Google Scholar
Mason, R. B., and Tite, M. S., 1997. The beginnings of the tin-opacification of pottery glazes, Archaeometry, 39, 41–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, R. B., Tite, M. S., Paynter, S., and Salter, C., 2001. Advances in polychrome ceramics in the Islamic World of the 12th century AD, Archaeometry, 43(2), 191–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masuya, T., 1997. The Ilkhanid Phase of Takht-i Sulaiman, Unpublished PhD dissertation, New York University.Google Scholar
Matin, M., 2016. Revisiting the origins of Islamic glazed pottery: A technological examination of 8th–10th century AD ceramics from Islamic lands, University of Oxford, Unpublished DPhil thesis.Google Scholar
Matin, M., 2019. Tin-based opacifiers in archaeological glass and ceramic glazes: A review and new perspectives, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 11(4), 1155–1167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matin, M., 2020. The technology of medieval Islamic ceramics: A study of two persian manuscripts, in Watson, O. (ed.), Ceramics of Iran: Islamic Pottery in the Sarikhani Collection, New Haven: Yale University Press, 459–487.Google Scholar
Matin, M., 2022. A medieval stonepaste ceramic production site in Moshkin Tepe, Iran: ceramics, wasters, and manufacturing equipment, IRAN, 62(2), 1–15.Google Scholar
Matin, M., and Matin, M., 2012. Egyptian fainece glazing by the cementation method part 1: An investigation of the glazing powder composition and glazing mechanism, Journal of Archaeological Science, 39(3), 763–776.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matin, M., and Ownby, M., 2023. Early stonepaste ceramic technology in Fustat, Egypt, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 104 105, 1–9.Google Scholar
Matin, M., and Pollard, M., 2015. Historical accounts of Cobalt Ore processing from the Kashan Mine, Iran, IRAN, v.53/1, 171–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matin, M., and Pollard, M., 2017. From ore to pigment: A description of the minerals and an experimental study of Cobalt ore processing from the Kāshān mine, Iran, Archaeometry, 59(4), 731–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matin, M., Tite, M., and Watson, O., 2018. On the origins of tin-opacified ceramics glazes: new evidence from early Islamic Egypt, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Iran, and Central Asia, Journal of Archaeological Sciences, 97, 42–66.Google Scholar
McCarthy, B. E., 1996. Microstructural and compositional studies of the technology and durability of ceramic glazes from Nippur, Iraq, ca. 250BC – 1450 AD, unpublished PhD thesis, Baltimore: John Hopkins University.Google Scholar
McClary, R. P., 2016. A new approach to mina’i wares: Chronology and decoration, Persica, 25, 1–20.Google Scholar
McClary, R. P., 2022. Rare and Complex Wares: A study of vessels and sherds decorated with both Mina’i and Lustre techniques, Journal of Material Cultures in the Museum World, 3, 235–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mishmastnehi, M., 2018. Technical and Archaeological Studies of Persian Windmills and their Millstones in Eastern Iran, Unpublished PhD dissertation, Freie Universität Berlin.Google Scholar
Molera, J., Pradell, T., Salvadó, N., and Vendrell-Saz, M., 1999, Evidence of tin oxide recrystallization in opacified lead glazes, Journal of American Ceramic Society, 82(10), 2871–2875.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molera, J., Mesquida, M., Pérez-Arantegui, J., Pradell, T., and Vendrell, M., 2001. Luster recipes from medieval workshop in Paterna, Archaeometry, 43(4), 455–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molera, J., Bayes, C., Roura, P., Crespo, D., and Pradell, T., 2007. Key Parameters in the Production of Mesieval Lustre Colors and Shines, Journal of American Ceramic Society, 90(7), 2245–2254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molera, J., Martínez Ferreras, V., Fusaro, A. et al., 2020. Islamic glazed ware from ancient Termez (southern Uzbekistan): Raw materials and techniques, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 102169, 1–11.Google Scholar
Morgan, P., and Leatherby, J., 1971. Excavated ceramics from Sirjan, in Allan, J. and Roberts, C. (eds.), Syria and Iran: Three Studies in Medieval Ceramics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 23–173.Google Scholar
Moroni, B., and Conti, C., 2006. Technological features of Renaissance pottery from Deruta (Umbria, Italy): An experimental study, Applied Clay Science, 33, 230–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khusraw, Nassir, 2001. Book of Travels, edited and translated by W. S. Thackston, Costa Mesa.Google Scholar
Norris, D., and Watson, O., 2021. Illuminating the imperceptible, researching Mina’i ceramics with digital imaging techniques, Journal of Imaging, 7(11), 233, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Northedge, A., Bamber, A., and Roaf, M., 1988. Excavations at ‘Āna: Qal’a Island, Warminster: British School of Archaeology in Iraq and the Directorate of Antiquities by Aris & Philips.Google Scholar
Northedge, A., Kennet, D., 1994. The Samarra Horizon, in Grube, E. (ed.), Cobalt and Lustre, The Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Art, V IX, Oxford: Khalili Research Centre, University of Oxford, 21–35.Google Scholar
O’Kane, B., 2011. Tiles of many Hues: The development or Iranian Cuerda Seca tiles and the transfer of tilework technology, in Bloom, J. M. and Blair, S. S. (eds.), And Diverse Are Their Hues: Color in Islamic Art and Culture. London: Yale University Press, 177–203.Google Scholar
Osete-Cortina, L., Doménech-Carbó, M. T., Doménech, A., Yusá-Marco, D. J., and Ahmadi, H., 2010. Multimethod analysis of Iranian Ilkhanate ceramics from the Takht-e Soleyman Palace, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 397, 319–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Öztürk, Ç., Şimşek-Franci, G., and Kuşoğlu, İ. M., 2022. An archaeometric assessment study of Seljuk period glazed tiles from Kılıçarslan Square (Konya, Turkey), Heritage Science, 10, 174, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pace, M., Bianco Prevot, A., Mirti, P., and Venco Ricciardi, R., 2008. The technology of production of Sasanian glazed pottery from Veh Ardasir (Central Iraq), Archaeometry, 50(4), 591–605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paynter, S.C., 2001. The development of vitreous materials in the ancient Near East and Egypt, Unpublished DPhil thesis, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Paynter, S., 2008. Links between glazes and glass in mid-2nd millennium BC Mesopotamia and Egypt, in Shortland, A. J., Rehren, Th, and Freestone, I. C. (eds.), From Mine to Microscope, Oxford: Oxbow Books, 93–108.Google Scholar
Paynter, S., Okyar, F., Wolf, S., and Tite, M. S., 2004. The production technology of Iznik pottery – a reassessment, Archaeometry, 46, 421–437.Google Scholar
Peix, J., Fernández, M. M., and Garrigós, J. B., 2021. The case of black and green tin glazed pottery from Barcelona between 13th and 14th century: Analysing its production and its decorations, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 38(3), 1–16.Google Scholar
Philon, H., 1980. Early Islamic Ceramics, Athens: Benaki Museum.Google Scholar
Porter, V., and Watson, O., 1987. ‘Tell Minis’ wares, in Allan, J. and Roberts, C. (eds.), Syria and Iran: Three Studies in Medieval Ceramics, Oxford: Published by Oxford University Press for the Board of the Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford, 175–248.Google Scholar
Poulsen, V., 1957. Les poteries médiévales, in Rus, P. J., Poulsen, V., and Hammershaimb, E. (eds.), Hama: Fouilles et recherches de la Fondation Carlsberg 1931–1938, IV/2, Copenhagen: Nationalmuseet, 115–283.Google Scholar
Pradell, T., 2016. Lustre and nanostructure- ancient technologies revisited, in P. Dillman, L. Bellot-Gurlet, and Nenner, I. (eds.), Nanoscience and Cultural Heritage, Paris: Atlantis Press, 3–39.Google Scholar
Pradell, T., Molera, J., Smith, A. D., and Tite, M. S., 2008. Early Islamic lustre from Egypt, Syria and Iran (10th to 13th century AD). Journal of Archaeological Science, 35, 2649–2662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Priestman, S. M. N., 2005. Settlement and Ceramics in Southern Iran: An Analysis of the Sasanian and Islamic Periods in the Williamson Collection, Durham: Unpublished MA thesis, Department of Archaeology, Durham University.Google Scholar
Priestman, S. M. N., 2011. Opaque Glazed Wares: The definition, dating and distribution of a key Iraqi ceramic export in the Abbasid period, Iran, 49, 89–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Priestman, S. M. N., 2016. The Silk Road or the Sea? Sasanian and Islamic Exports to Japan, Journal of Islamic Archaeology, 3(1), 1–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Priestman, S. M. N., 2021. Ceramic Exchange and the Indian Ocean Economy (AD 400–1275), Volume I: Analysis, London: The British Museum.Google Scholar
Rawson, J., Tite, M. S., and Hughes, M. J., 1988. The export of Tang Sancai wares: Some recent research, Transaction of the Oriental Ceramic Society, 52, 39–62.Google Scholar
Redford, S., 1995. Medieval ceramics from Samsat, Turkey, Archéologie Islamique, 5, 54–80.Google Scholar
Rodziewicz, M., 1976. Alexandrie I: La céramique romaine tardive d’Alexandrie, Warsaw: Editions scientifiques de Pologne.Google Scholar
Rodziewicz, M., 1978. La céramique émaillée copte de Kom el Dikka, Études et Traveaux, 10, 337–345.Google Scholar
Rodziewicz, M., 1983. Egyptian glazed pottery of the eighth to ninth centuries, Bulletin de la société d’archéologie copte, 25, 73–75.Google Scholar
Rogers, J. M., Ward, R. M., 1988. Suleyman the Magnificent, London: British Museum Publications.Google Scholar
Röhrs, S., Dumazet, A., Kuntz, K., and Franke, U., 2022. Bodies and Glazes of architectural ceramics from the Ilkhanid period at Takht-e Soleyman (North-Western Iran), Minerals, 12(158), 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooksby, H. P., 1964. A yellow cubic lead tin oxide opacifier in ancient glasses, Physics and Chemistry of Glasses, 5, 20–25.Google Scholar
Rottenborg, R., and Blanke, L., 2017. Jarash in the Islamic Ages (c. 700–1200 CE): A critical review, Levant, 40(3), 312–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rugiadi, M., 2010. Processing Iranian Glazed Pottery of the Masjid-i Jum’a in Isfahan, in Matthiae, P., Pinnock, F., Nigro, L., and Marchetti, N. (eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, 3, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 173–190.Google Scholar
Rugiadi, M., 2011. The emergence of Siliceous-Paste in Iran in the last quarter of the 11th century and related issues: The dated assemblage from the Southern Domed Hall of the Great Mosque of Isfahan’, Proceedings of the 6th ICAANE Congress, Rome, 5–10 May 2008, ‘Sapienza’ Universit. di Roma, Vicino & Medio Oriente XV, 233–248.Google Scholar
Rugiadi, M., 2016. Stonepaste Technology in Syria and Iran, in Canby, S., Beyazit, D., Rugiadi, M., and Peacock, A. C. S. (eds.), Court and Cosmos: The Great Age of the Seljuqs. New Haven: Yale University Press, 179–187.Google Scholar
Sacco, V., 2017. Le ceramiche invetriatedi età islámica a Palermo; nuovi dati dalle sequenze del quartiere della Kalsa, Archeol Mediev, 49, 337–366.Google Scholar
Salinas, E., and Pradell, T., 2018. The transition from lead transparent to tin-opacifed productions in the western Islamic lands: al-Andalus, c. 875–929 CE, Journal of Archaeological Science, 45, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salinas, E., and Pradell, T., 2020. Madīnat al-Zahrā’ or Madīnat Qurtuba? First evidences of the Caliphate tin glaze production of ‘verde y manganeso’ ware, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 12, paper 207(19pgs).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salinas, E., Pradell, T., Matin, M., and Tite, M. S., 2019. From tin- to antimony-based yellow opacifiers in the early Islamic Egyptian glazes: Regional influences and ruling dynasties, Journal of Archaeological Sciences: Reports, 29, 1–12.Google Scholar
Salinas, E., Reynolds, P., and Pradell, T., 2022. Technological changes in the glazed wares of northern Tunisia in the transition from Fatimid to Zirid rule, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 14, 224–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salinas, E., Reynolds, P., Tite, M. S., and Pradell, T., 2020. Polychrome glazed ware production in Tunisia during the Fatimid-Zirid period: New data on the question of the introduction of tin glazes in western Islamic lands, Journal of Archaeological Sciences: Reports, 34, 1026–1032.Google Scholar
Sauvaget, J., 1948. Tessons de Rakka, Ars Islamica, XIII–XIV, 31–45.Google Scholar
Sardar, M., 2015. NISHAPUR. vii. Excavations by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nishapur-07-met-excavations.Google Scholar
Sarre, F., 1925. Die Keramik von Samarra, Berlin: D. Reimer.Google Scholar
Sarre, F., 1930–31. The Seljuk and Early Osmanli Pottery of Miletus, Transactions of the Oriental Ceramic Society (1930–1931), 7, 20–23.Google Scholar
Scanlon, G. T., 1984. Mamluk pottery: More evidence from Fustat, Muqarnas, 2, 115–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schibille, N., 2011. Late Byzantine mineral soda high alumina glasses from Asia Minor: A new primary glass production group, PLoS ONE, 6(4), e18970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sedighian, H., 2010. Barresi Baastaanshenasi Sofaalhaay-e Eslami-e Mohavateh Moshkin Tepe Parandak, Unpublished master’s dissertation, University of Tehran [In Persian].Google Scholar
Shishkina, G. V., and Pavchinskaja, L. V., 1992. Terres secrètes de Samarcande: Céramiques du VIIIe au XIIIe siècle, Institut du Monde Arabe; Paris, 26 June- 27 Septembre 1992; Musée de Normandie.Google Scholar
Siméon, P., 2012. Les ateliers de potiers en Asie centrale, entre Samarqand et Nishapur : approche critique, de la conquête musulmane au XIIe siècle, Atti del IXCongresso Internazionale sulla Ceramica Medievale nel Mediterraneo, Venice, 1, 15–21.Google Scholar
Siméon, P., 2017. Buff Ware Pottery: New Considerations; Typology, Chronology and Futuwwa Evidence, Tribu, Jahbruch des Linden-Museums, 66, 105–129.Google Scholar
Simsek, G., SimsekUnsalan, O., SimsekBayraktar, K., Colomban, Ph., 2019, On-site pXRF analysis of glaze composition and colouring agents of “Iznik” tiles at Edirne mosques (15th and 16th-centuries), Ceramics International, 45(1), 595–605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C. S., 1981. A Search for Structure: Selected Essays on Science, Art and History, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Smith, D. T., 2006. Appendix 2: Compositional analysis of early-thirteenth-centruy ceramics from Raqqa and related sites, in Jenkins-Madina, M. (ed.), Raqqa Revisited: Ceramics of Ayyubid Syria, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 221–237.Google Scholar
Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC; Arthur M. Sackler Gallery; National Heritage Board, Singapore; Singapore Tourism Board, 2011. Shipwrecked, Tang treasures and monsoon winds.Google Scholar
Soustiel, J., 1985. La céramique islamique : le guide du connaisseur, Fribourg: Office du Livre.Google Scholar
Tamari, V., 1995. Abbasid Blue-on-White Ware, in Allan, J. (ed.), Islamic Art in the Ashmolean Museum, Part two, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Testolini, V., 2018. Ceramic technology and cultural change in Sicily from the 6th to the 11th century AD. PhD thesis, University of Sheffield. https://doi.org/10.15131/shef.data.11567910.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thiriot, J., 1997. Les fours pour la preparation des glacures dans le monde mediterraneen, in Demians d’Archimbaud, G. (ed.), La Céramique médiévale en Méditerranée. Actes du VIe Congrès de l’AIECM2. Aix-en-Provence (13-18 novembre 1995), Aix-en-Provence: Narration Editions, 513–522.Google Scholar
Ting, C., and Taxel, I., 2020. Indigeneity and innovation of early Islamic glaze technology, the case of the Coptic Glazed Ware, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 12(27), 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tite, M. S., 1988. Inter-relationship between Chinese and Islamic ceramics from 9th to 16th century A.D., in Farquhar, R. M., Hancock, R. G. V., and Pavlish, L. A. (eds.), Proceedings of the 26th International Archaeometry Symposium, Archaeometry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 30–34.Google Scholar
Tite, M. S., 1989. Iznik pottery: An investigation of the methods of production, Archaeometry, 31, 115–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tite, M. S., 1991. Technological investigations of Italian Renaissance ceramics, in Wilson, T. (ed.), Italian Renaissance Pottery, London: British Museum Press, 280–285.Google Scholar
Tite, M. S., 1992. The impact of electron microscopy on ceramic studies, in Pollard, A. M. (ed.), New Developments in Archaeological Science (Proceedings of the British Academy vol. 77). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 111–131.Google Scholar
Tite, M. S., 2009. The production technology of Italian maiolica: A reassesment, Journal of Archaeological Science, 36, 2065–2080.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tite, M. S., and Maniatis, Y., 1975. Examination of Ancient pottery using the scanning electron microscope, Nature, 257, 122–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tite, M. S., and Shortland, A. J., 2004. Report on the scientific examination of a glazed brick from Susa: Glazes, in Stoller, T., Slotta, R., and Vatandoust, A. (eds.), Persiens Antike Pracht – Band 2, Bochum: Deutschen Bergbau-Museums Bochum, 388–390.Google Scholar
Tite, M. S., Freestone, I. C., Meeks, N., and Bimson, M., 1982. The use of scanning electron microscopy in the technological examination of ancient ceramics, in Olin, J. S. and Franklin, A. D. (eds.), Archaeological Ceramics, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 109–120.Google Scholar
Tite, M. S., Freestone, I., Mason, R. et al., 1998. Lead glazes in antiquity—methods of production and reasons for use, Archaeometry, 40, 241–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tite, M. S., Freestone, I. C., and Bimson, M., 1983. Egyptian Faience: an investigation of the methods of production, Archaeometry, 25 (1), 17–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tite, M. S., and Shortland, A. J., 2008, Production Technology of Faience and Related early Vitreous Materials, Oxford: Oxford University School of Archaeology, Monograph 72.Google Scholar
Tite, M. S., Watson, O., Pradell, T., et al. 2015. Revisiting the beginnings of tin-opacified Islamic glazes, Journal of Archaeological Science, 57, 80–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tite, M. S., Shortland, A. J., Schibille, N., and Degryse, P., 2016. New data on the soda flux used in the production of Iznik glazes and Byzantine glasses, Archaeometry, 58, 57–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tite, M. S., Wolf, S., and Mason, R. B., 2011. The technological development of stonepaste ceramics from the Islamic Middle East, Journal of Archaeological Science, 38(3), 570–580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tonghini, C., 1994. The Fine Wares of Ayyubid Syria, in Grube, E. J. (ed.), Cobalt and Lustre: The First Centuries of Islamic Pottery, Oxford: Nour Foundation, 249–294.Google Scholar
Tonghini, C., 1995. A new Islamic pottery sequence in Syria: Tell Shahin, Levant, XXVII, 197–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tonghini, C., 1998. Qal’at Jabar Pottery: A Study of a Syrian Fortified Site in the Late 11th-14th Centuries, Council for British Research in the Levant (CBRL), Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Turner, W. E. S., and Rooksby, H. P., 1961. Further historical studies based on X-ray diffraction methods of the reagents employed in making opal and opaque glasses, Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum, 8, 1–6.Google Scholar
Vendrell, M., Molera, J., and Tite, M. S., 2007. Optical properties of tin-opacified glazes, Archaeometry, 42(2), 325–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vorderstrasse, T., 2005. Al-Mina: A Port of Antioch from Late Antiquity to the End of the Ottomans, Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten.Google Scholar
Waagé, F. O., 1948. Antioch-on-the-Orontes IV, Part One: Ceramics and Islamic Coins, Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Walmsley, A., 2001. Turning east: The appearance of Islamic cream wares in Jordan, the end of antiquity? in Villeneuve, E. and Watson, P. M. (eds.), La Céramique Byzantine et Proto-Islamique en Syrie-Jordanie (IVe-VIIIe siècles apr. J.-C.) Actes du Colloque tenu à Amman les 3,4 et 5 décembre 1994, Beirut: Institut Français d’Archéologie du Proche Orient, 305–313.Google Scholar
Walmsley, A., 2007. Early Islamic Syria: An Archaeological Assessment, London: Duckworth.Google Scholar
Walton, M. S. and Tite, M. S., 2010. Production technology of Roman lead glazed pottery and its continuance into late antiquity, Archaeometry, 52, 733–759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, O., 1976. Persian Lustre-painted Pottery: The Rayy and Kashan Styles, Transactions of the Oriental Ceramic Society, XL, 1–20.Google Scholar
Watson, O., 1985a. Persian Lustre Ware, London: Faber and Faber.Google Scholar
Watson, O., 1985b. Fakes and Forgeries of Islamic Pottery, The V&A Album, 4, 38–46.Google Scholar
Watson, O., 1987. Islamic pots in Chinese style, The Burlington Magazine, 129(1010), 304–206.Google Scholar
Watson, O., 1994. Documentary Mina’i and Abu Zaid’s Bowls’, in Hillenbrand, R. (ed.), The Art of the Saljuqs in Iran and Anatolia, Costa Mesa: Mazda, 170–180.Google Scholar
Watson, O., 1999a. Fritware: Fatimid Egypt or Saljuq Iran? in Barrucand, M. (ed.), L’Egypte Fatimide; son art et son histoire, Paris: Universite de Paris-Sorbonne, 299–310.Google Scholar
Watson, O., 1999b. VIII. Report on the Glazed Ceramics, in P. A. Miglus (ed.), Ar-Raqqa I: Die Frühislamische Keramik von Tell Aswad, Mainz, 81–87, Taf. 94–99.Google Scholar
Watson, O., 2004. Ceramics from Islamic Lands, London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Watson, O., 2014. Revisiting Samarra: The rise of Islamic glazed pottery, in Gonnella, J., Abdellatif, R. and Struth, S. (eds.), Beiträge zur Islamischen Kunst und Archäologie, Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert, 4, 125–144.Google Scholar
Watson, O., 2015. Pottery and Light, in Blair, Sh and Bloom, J. (eds.), God is the Light of Heavens and the Earth: Light in Islamic Art and Architecture, Biennial Hamad Bin Khalifa Symposium on Islamic Art and Culture (5th, 2013, Palermo, Italy), New Haven: Yale University Press in association with Qatar Foundation, Virginia Commonwealth University, and Virginia Commonwealth University School of the Arts in Qatar, 157–175.Google Scholar
Watson, O., 2020. Ceramics of Iran: Islamic Pottery from Sarikhani Collection, London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Watson, O., 2024. Minaʾi from Fustat: An Iranian Spoke in a Fatimid Ceramic Wheel, Blair, Sheila S., Bloom, Jonathan M., and Williams, Sandra (eds), Iranian Art from the Sassanians to the Islamic Republic, Essays in Honour of Linda Komaroff, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 239–248.Google Scholar
Watt, J. C. Y., 1979. Notes on the use of cobalt in later Chinese ceramics, Ars Orientalis, 11, 63–85.Google Scholar
Wen, R., 2012. The Cobalt Blue Pigment Used on Islamic Ceramics and Chinese Blue-and-white Porcelain, unpublished DPhil dissertation, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Wen, W., 2018. Chinese ceramics in the Islamic World from the 8th to 10th centuries CE, Unpublished DPhil thesis, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Wen, R., and Pollard, M., 2014. The pigments applied to Islamic mina’i wares and the correlation with Chinese blue-and-white porcelain, Archaeometry, 58(1), 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weyl, W. A., 1951. Coloured Glasses: Society of Glass Technology. London: Dawson.Google Scholar
Wickham, C., 2023. The Donkey and the Boat: Reinterpreting the Mediterranean Economy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 950–1180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitcomb, D., 1989. Glazed ceramics from the excavations at Aqaba, Jordan, Journal of the American Research Centre in Egypt, 26, 167–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitcomb, D., 1991. Glazed ceramics of the Abbasid period from the Aqaba excavations, Transactions of the Oriental Ceramic Society (1990-91), 55, 43–65.Google Scholar
Whitcomb, D., 1999. Hadir Qinnasrin, The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1998-1999 Annual Report, 76–83.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, D., 1979. Islamic Glazed Pottery in Iraq and the Persian Gulf: The ninth and tenth centuries, Annali dell’Instituto Orientale di Napoli, 39, 45–61.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, D., 1978. The origins of Italian maiolica, Archaeology, 31, 42–49.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, D., 1972. Excavations at Siraf, Fifth Interim Report, IRAN, 10, 63–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, C. K., 1947. Fashion and Technique in Persian Pottery, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 6(3), 99–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, C. K., 1959. The Kilns of Nishapur, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, New Series, 17(9), 235–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, C. K., 1973. Nishapur: Pottery of the Early Islamic Period, New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin.Google Scholar
Williamson, A. G., 1971. Regional distribution of medieval Persian pottery in the light of recent investigations, in Allan, J. and Roberts, C. (eds.), Syria and Iran: Three Studies in Medieval Ceramics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 11–22.Google Scholar
Wood, N., Doherty, C., and Rosser-Owen, M., 2009. A technological study of Iraqi copies of Chinese Changsha and Chinese Sancai wares found at Samarra–together with some Chinese originals, Gu Taoci Kexue Jishu, 8, 154–180.Google Scholar
Wright, H., 1984. Early Seafarers of the Comoro Islands: The Dembeni Phase of the IXth-Xth Centuries A.D., Azania, 19, 13–59.Google Scholar
Wulff, H. E., 1966. The Traditional Crafts of Persia, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Glazed Ceramics of the Islamic World 700–1600 CE
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Glazed Ceramics of the Islamic World 700–1600 CE
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Glazed Ceramics of the Islamic World 700–1600 CE
Available formats
×