Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:27:53.612Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
Series:   Elements in Language, Gender and Sexuality

Feminism, Corpus-assisted Research and Language Inclusivity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2024

Federica Formato
Federica Formato
Affiliation:
University of Brighton

Summary

This Element presents an investigation into the use of the gender inclusive strategy schwa in a corpus of tweets; the schwa is employed in Italian to overcome grammatical (feminine and masculine) morphological inflections, having at its core linguistic and social binarism. The investigation is set in a country where LGBTQIA communities still face institutional discrimination, yet it is contextualised in the growing work on inclusivity discussed in languages and contexts worldwide. The corpus is examined quantitatively and qualitatively, as well as read through a triangulation of two frameworks: Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies and Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis. The findings, obtained from corpus-assisted research and digital ethnography, show that the new linguistic strategy is used creatively, functionally, and not exclusively as a self-representation tool but is also a viable and powerful replacement for generic sexist language.
Get access

Keywords

gender inclusive languagegendered languagedigital ethnographyCADSFCDA
Type
Element
Information
Series: Elements in Language, Gender and Sexuality
Online ISBN: 9781009236379
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 28 November 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbou, J. (2011). Double gender marking in French: A linguistic practice of antisexism. Current Issues in Language Planning, 12(1), 55–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acanfora, F. (2020). La dversità è negli occhi di chi guarda. Superare il concetto di inclusione della diversità sul lavoro. www.fishcalabria.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Fabrizio-Acanfora_La-diversit%C3%A0-%C3%A8-negli-occhi-di-chi-guarda_compressed.pdf.Google Scholar
Acarno, C. (2020). Corpus-assisted discourse studies. In Fina, A. De & Georgakopoulou, A., eds., The Cambridge Handbook of Discourse Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 165–85.Google Scholar
Allen, S. H. & Mendez, S. N. (2018). Hegemonic heteronormativity: Toward a new era of queer family theory. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 10(1), 70–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, B. R. O. (1983). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. (2022). Pronouns and social justice in the linguistics classroom. Journal of Language and Sexuality, 11(2), 251–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Argyriou, K. (2022). Cross-cultural issues in trans terminology: Spanish and Greek applications of globalised language. Gender and Language, 16(4), 382–407.Google Scholar
Ashburn-Nardo, L. (2018). What can allies do? In Colella, A. & King, E., eds., The Handbook of Workplace Discrimination. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 373–86.Google Scholar
Baker, P. (2013). Will Ms ever be as frequent as Mr? A corpus-based comparison of gendered terms across four diachronic corpora of British English. Gender and Language, (4)1, 125–49.Google Scholar
Baker, P. (2018). Conclusion: Reflecting on reflective research. In Taylor, C. & Marchi, A., eds., Corpus Approaches to Discourse. London: Routledge, pp. 281–92.Google Scholar
Baker, P., Hardie, A. & McEnery, A. (2006). A Glossary of Corpus Linguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banegas, D. L. & López, M. F. (2021). Inclusive language in Spanish as interpellation to educational authorities. Applied Linguistics, 42(2), 342–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bazeley, P. & Kemp, L. (2012). Mosaics, triangles, and DNA: Metaphors for integrated analysis in mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 6, 55–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, A. (2006). The Guidebook to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Benozzo, A. (2013). Coming out of the credenza: An Italian celebrity unveils his ‘new’ gay self. Sexualities, 16(3–4), 336–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogetić, K. (2022a). Politics of resignification: Central and Eastern European perspectives on language and gender. Gender and Language, 16(3), 195–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogetić, K. (2022b). Language, gender and political symbolics: Insights from citizen digital discourses on gender‐sensitive language in Serbia. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 27(2), 1–21.Google Scholar
Bonnett, A. (2016). The Geography of Nostalgia: Global and Local Perspectives on Modernity and Loss. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bonnin, J. E. & Coronel, A. A. (2021). Attitudes toward gender-neutral Spanish: Acceptability and adoptability. Frontiers in Sociology, 6, 629616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Booij, G. E. (2012). The Grammar of Words: An Introduction to Linguistic Morphology. 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Borba, R. (2019). Gendered politics of enmity: Language ideologies and social polarisation in Brazil. Gender and Language, 13(4), 423–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borba, R. (2022). Enregistering ‘gender ideology’: The emergence and circulation of a transnational anti-gender language. Journal of Language and Sexuality, 11(1), 57–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borba, R., Hall, K. & Hiramoto, M. (2020). Feminist refusal meets enmity. Gender and Language, 14(1), 1–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brezina, V., Weill–Tessier, P. & McEnery, A. (2020). #LancsBox v. 5.x. [software]. http://corpora.lancs.ac.uk/lancsbox.Google Scholar
Burnett, H. & Pozniak, C. (2021). Political dimensions of gender inclusive writing in Parisian universities. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 25(5), 808–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calder, J. (2020). Language, gender and sexuality in 2019: Interrogating normativities in the field. Gender & Language, 14(4), 429–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calder, J. (2022). Interrogating the role of the cisgender listening subject in the study of queer and trans voices. Lavender Language and Linguistics 28, University of Catania, 21–23 May.Google Scholar
Callahan, I. & Loscocco, K. (2023). The prevalence and persistence of homophobia in Italy. Journal of Homosexuality, 70(2), 228–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cameron, D. (1995). Verbal Hygiene. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Coady, A. (2022). Language ideologies in inclusive language debates in France (2000–22). Attitudes towards Gender-Inclusive Language: A Multinational Perspective. Queen Mary University of London, 8–9 September. http://qmul.pfalzgraf.net/coady-ppt.pdf.Google Scholar
Collins, P. H. (2019). Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Conrod, K. (2020). Pronouns and gender in language. In Hall, K. & Barrett, E., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Language and Sexuality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190212926.013.63.Google Scholar
Conrod, K. (2022). Variation in English gendered pronouns: Analysis and recommendations for ethics in linguistics. Journal of Language and Sexuality, 11(2), 141–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Consoli, S. & Ganassin, S. (eds.). (2023). Reflexivity in Applied Linguistics: Opportunities, Challenges, and Suggestions. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cordoba, S. (2022). Non-binary Gender Identities: The Language of Becoming. Abingdon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coupland, N. & Jaworski, (2012). Sociolinguistic perspectives on metalanguage: Reflexivity, evaluation and ideology. In Jaworski, A., Coupland, N. & Galasinski, D., eds., Metalanguage: Social and ideological perspectives. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 1–51.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, K. W. (2017). On intersectionality: Essential writings. New York: New Press.Google Scholar
Crowley, A. (2022). Language ideologies and legitimacy among nonbinary YouTubers. Journal of Language and Sexuality, 11(2), 165–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dame-Griff, E. C. (2022). What do we mean when we say ‘Latinx?’ Definitional power, the limits of inclusivity, and the (un/re) constitution of an identity category. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 15(2), 119–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, J. (2017). Doing Reflexivity: An Introduction. Bristol: Policy Press.Google Scholar
Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act. Chicago, IL: Aldine (Original work published 1970).Google Scholar
Di Cristofaro, M. (2023). Corpus Approaches to Language in Social Media. Abingdon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckert, P. & McConnell-Ginet, S. (1992). Think practically and look locally: Language and gender as community-based practice. Annual Review of Anthropology, 21(1), 461–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egbert, J. & Baker, P. (2020). Using Corpus Methods to Triangulate Linguistic Analysis. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Egbert, J. & Schnur, E. (2018). The role of the text in corpus and discourse analysis: Missing the trees for the forest. In Taylor, C. & Marchi, A., eds., Corpus Approaches to Discourse. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 159–73.Google Scholar
Evolvi, G. (2023). The World Congress of Families: Anti-gender Christianity and digital far-right populism. International Journal of Communication, 17, 2805–22.Google Scholar
Facchini, I. (2021). Linguaggio non binario in interpretazione di conferenza: Uno studio sperimentale sull’applicabilità dello schwa in interpretazione consecutiva dall’inglese in italiano. Unpublished MA Thesis. Università di Bologna.Google Scholar
Fielding, N. G. & Fielding, J. L. (1986). Linking Data. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flick, U. (2017). Mantras and myths: The disenchantment of mixed-methods research and revisiting triangulation as a perspective. Qualitative Inquiry, 23(1), 46–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Formato, F. (2014). Language use and gender in the Italian parliament. PhD thesis. Lancaster University. https://core.ac.uk/reader/42413990.Google Scholar
Formato, F. (2016). Linguistic markers of sexism in the Italian media: A case study of ministra and ministro. Corpora, 11(3), 371–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Formato, F. (2019). Gender, Ideology and Discourse in Italian. Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Formato, F. (forthcoming). How is gendered language commented on and explained? An overview of speakers supporting or rebelling against a gendered system-justification frame in Italian. In Venuti, M., Vigo, F. & Campisi, E., eds., Strategies of Inclusion and Exclusion in Online and Offline Interaction. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Formato, F. & Somma, A. L. (2023). Gender inclusive language in Italy: A sociolinguistic overview. Journal of Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology, 5(1), 22–40.Google Scholar
Formato, F. & Tantucci, V. (2020). Uno: A corpus linguistic investigation of intersubjectivity and gender. Journal of Language and Discrimination, 4(1), 51–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gheno, V. (2022). Femminili Singolari+: Il Femminismo È nelle Parole. Florence: Effequ.Google Scholar
Gillings, M., Mautner, G. & Baker, P. (2023). Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
González Vázquez, I., Klieber, A. & Rosola, M. (forthcoming). Beyond pronouns. Gender visibility and neutrality across languages. In Luvell, A. and Lepore, E., eds., Oxford Handbook of Applied Philosophy of Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gruzd, A., Wellman, B. & Takhteyev, Y. (2011). Imagining Twitter as an imagined community. American Behavioral Scientist, 55(10), 1294–1318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hekanaho, L. (2022). A thematic analysis of attitudes towards English nonbinary pronouns. Journal of Language and Sexuality, 11(2), 190–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hine, C. (2000). Virtual Ethnography. London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hipkins, D. (2011). ‘Whore-ocracy’: Show girls, the beauty trade-off, and mainstream oppositional discourse in contemporary Italy. Italian Studies, 66(3), 413–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaworski, A., Coupland, N. & Galasinski, D. (eds.). (2012). Metalanguage: Social and Ideological Perspectives. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Kinsley, K. & Russell, E. (2024). Redoing Linguistic Worlds: Unmaking Gender Binarities, Remaking Gender Pluralities. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Kolek, V. (2022). Nonbinary Czech language: Characteristics and discourse. Gender and Language, 16(3), 265–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konnelly, L., Bjorkman, B. M. & Airton, L. (2022). Towards an engaged linguistics: Nonbinary pronouns as a site of advocacy in research and teaching. Journal of Language and Sexuality, 11(2), 133–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kosnick, K. (2019). The everyday poetics of gender-inclusive French: Strategies for navigating the linguistic landscape. Modern & Contemporary France, 27(2), 147–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lange, M. B. (2022) Attitudes towards gender-fair language within German academia. Comparing positions adopted by university guidelines for gender-fair language with attitudes found amongst medical and gender researchers. Attitudes towards Gender-Inclusive Language: A Multinational Perspective. Queen Mary University of London, 8–9 September. http://qmul.pfalzgraf.net/lange-ppt.pdf.Google Scholar
Lazar, M. M. (2005). Politicizing gender in discourse: Feminist critical discourse analysis as political perspective and praxis. In Lazar, M. M., ed., Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis. Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 1–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazar, M. M. (2007). Feminist critical discourse analysis: Articulating a feminist discourse praxis. Critical Discourse Studies, 4(2), 141–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazar, M. M. (2014). Feminist critical discourse analysis. In Ehrlich, S., Meyerhoff, M. & Holmes, J., eds., The Handbook of Language, Gender and Sexuality. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 180–99.Google Scholar
Lazar, M. M. (2017). Feminist critical discourse analysis. In Flowerdew, J. & Richardson, J. E., eds., The Routledge Handbook of Critical Discourse Studies. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 372–87.Google Scholar
Leap, W. L. (2003). Language and gendered modernity. In Holmes, J. & Meyerhoff, M., eds., The Handbook of Language and Gender. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 401–22.Google Scholar
Leppänen, S., Kytölä, S., Jousmäki, H., Peuronen, S. & Westinen, E. (2014). Entextualization and resemiotization as resources for identification in social media. In Seargeant, P. & Tagg, C., eds., The Language of Social Media: Identity and Community on the Internet. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 112–36.Google Scholar
Lomotey, B. A. (2018). Making Spanish gender fair: A review of anti-sexist language reform attempts from a language planning perspective. Current Issues in Language Planning, 19(4), 383–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maestri, G. & Somma, A.L. (2020). Il Sessismo nella Lingua Italiana: Trent’anni Dopo Alma Sabatini. Pavia: Blonk.Google Scholar
Makice, K. (2009). Twitter API. Up and Running: Learn How to Build Applications with the Twitter API. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media.Google Scholar
Marchi, (2022). GET BACK! Retrieving nostalgia: Challenges of using CADS to analyse phenomena which defy lexicalisation. Corpora & Discourse International Conference. University of Bologna, 26–28 August.Google Scholar
McMillan, D. W. & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of community: A definition and theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(1), 6–23.3.0.CO;2-I>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melendez, S. & Crowley, A. (2022). Pronoun practices in the higher education classroom. Journal of Language and Sexuality, 11(2), 264–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, S. (2008). Language and Sexism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mioni, A. M. & Arnuzzo-Lanszweert, A. M. (1979). Sociolinguistics in Italy. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 21, 81–107.Google Scholar
Motschenbacher, H. (2014). Grammatical gender as a challenge for language policy: The (im)possibility of non-heteronormative language use in German versus English. Language Policy, 13, 243–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nardone, C. (2018). ‘Women and work’: A cross-linguistic corpus-assisted discourse study in German and in Italian. Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis across Disciplines, 10(1), 167–16.Google Scholar
Nartey, M. (2024). Women’s voice, agency and resistance in Nigerian blogs: A feminist critical discourse analysis. Journal of Gender Studies, 33(4), 418–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nodari, R. (2022) Attitudes and stereotypes of gender inclusive strategies in Italian. Attitudes towards Gender-Inclusive Language: A Multinational Perspective. Queen Mary University of London, 8–9 September. http://qmul.pfalzgraf.net/nodari-ppt.pdf.Google Scholar
Partington, A. (2003). Book review: Gillings, M. et al. (2023) Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies. Cambridge Element. Journal of Corpora and Discourse Studies, 6(1), 53–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Partington, A. (2006). Metaphors, motifs and similes across discourse types: Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS) at work. In Stefanowitsch, A. & Gries, S. T., eds., Corpus-based Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 267–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Partington, A. (2023). Book review: Gillings, M., Mautner, G. & Baker, P. (2023) Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies. Cambridge Elements. Journal of Corpora and Discourse Studies, 6(1), 53–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Partington, A., Duguid, A. & Taylor, C. (2013). Patterns and Meanings in Discourse: Theory and Practice in Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS), vol. 55. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paterson, L. (2019). Interview with Erin Carrie and Rob Drummond of the Accentism Project. Journal of Language and Discrimination, 3(1), 76–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paterson, L. (ed.). (2023). The Routledge Handbook of Pronouns. Abingdon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pauwels, A., & Winter, J. (2006). Gender inclusivity or ‘grammar rules OK’? Linguistic prescriptivism vs linguistic discrimination in the classroom. Language and Education, 20(2), 128–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pershai, A. (2017). The language puzzle: Is inclusive language a solution? In Braithwaite, A. & Orr, C., eds., Everyday Women’s and Gender Studies. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 55–8.Google Scholar
Pierucci, M.C. (2021) Car* tutt*: Degli usi dell’asterisco di genere nelle scritture pubbliche, fra diniego consapevole e adozione spontanea. In Bombi, R., ed., La Comunicazione Istituzionale ai Tempi della Pandemia: Da Sfida a Opportunità. Rome: Il Calamo, pp. 193–206.Google Scholar
Popič, D. & Gorjanc, V. (2018). Challenges of adopting gender-inclusive language in Slovene. Suvremena Lingvistika, 44(86), 329–50.Google Scholar
Postill, J. & Pink, S. (2012). Social media ethnography: The digital researcher in a messy web. Media International Australia, 145(1), 123–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raby, R. (2005). What is resistance? Journal of Youth Studies, 8(2), 151–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radke, H. R., Kutlaca, M., Siem, B., Wright, S. C. & Becker, J. C. (2020). Beyond allyship: Motivations for advantaged group members to engage in action for disadvantaged groups. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 24(4), 291–315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Renström, E. A., Lindqvist, A. & Sendén, M.G. (2022). The multiple meanings of the gender-inclusive pronoun hen: Predicting attitudes and use. European Journal of Social Psychology, 52(1), 71–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosola, M. (in preparation). Gender-fair strategies in Italian between visibility and neutrality.Google Scholar
Russell, E. (2024). Ciro è morto o morta? Symbolic power and discursive effablity. In Kinsley, K. & Russell, E., eds., Redoing Linguistic Worlds: Unmaking Gender Binarities, Remaking Gender Pluralities. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, pp. 269–301.Google Scholar
Safina, E. S. (forthcoming). ‘I NOSTRX CORPX RESISTONO’: A corpus analysis of Italian gender neutralization strategies in transfeminist online communities. In Burnett, S. & Vigo, F., eds., Battlefield Linguistics: Contemporary Contestations of Language, Gender, and Sexuality. Berlin: De Gruyter-Mouton.Google Scholar
Sauntson, H. (2023). Reflexivity, emerging expertise, and Mi[S-STEP]s: A collaborative self-study of two TESOL teacher educators. In Consoli, S. & Ganassin, S., eds., Reflexivity in Applied Linguistics: Opportunities, Challenges and Suggestions. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 171–89.Google Scholar
Scharrón-del Río, M. R. & Aja, A. A. (2020). Latinx: Inclusive language as liberation praxis. Journal of Latinx Psychology, 8(1), 7–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sczesny, S., Moser, F. & Wood, W. (2015). Beyond sexist beliefs: How do people decide to use gender-inclusive language? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(7), 943–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaw, S. (2020). Women, Language and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheydaei, I. (2021). Gender identity and nonbinary pronoun use: Exploring reference strategies for referents of unknown gender. Gender and Language, 15(3), 369–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slemp, K. (2021). Attitudes towards varied inclusive language use in Spanish on Twitter. Working Papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York, 1, 60–74. https://wally.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/default/article/view/6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slemp, K., Black, M. & Cortiana, G. (2020). Reactions to gender-inclusive language in Spanish on Twitter and YouTube. Actes du congrès annuel de l’Association canadienne de linguistique 2020. Proceedings of the 2020 Annual Conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association. https://cla-acl.ca/pdfs/actes-2020/Slemp_Black_Cortiana_CLA-ACL2020.pdf.Google Scholar
Somma, A. L. (2023). Whatsapp audio to Federica Formato, 14 April.Google Scholar
Sulis, G. & Gheno, V. (2022). The debate on language and gender in Italy, from the visibility of women to inclusive language (1980s–2020s). The Italianist, 42(1), 153–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, C. & Marchi, A. (2018). Corpus Approaches to Discourse: A Critical Review. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Thornton, A. (2022). Genere e igiene verbale: L’uso di forme con ə in italiano. Annali del Dipartimento di Studi Letterari, Linguistici e Comparati. Sezione linguistica, 11, 11–54.Google Scholar
Tusting, K. (ed.). (2019). The Routledge Handbook of Linguistic Ethnography. Abingdon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varis, P. & Hou, M. (2019). Digital approaches in linguistic ethnography. In Tusting, K., ed., The Routledge Handbook of Linguistic Ethnography. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 229–40.Google Scholar
Vergoossen, H. P., Pärnamets, P., Renström, E. A. & Gustafsson Sendén, M. (2020). Are new gender-neutral pronouns difficult to process in reading? The case of hen in Swedish. Frontiers in Psychology, (11), 574356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
West, C. & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender and Society, 1(2), 125–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zappavigna, M. (2014). Coffee tweets: Bonding around the bean on Twitter. In Seargeant, P. & Tagg, C., eds., The Language of Social Media: Identity and Community on the Internet. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 139–10.Google Scholar
Zappavigna, M. (2017). Twitter. In Hoffmann, C. R. & Bublitz, W., eds., Pragmatics of Social Media. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 201–24.Google Scholar
Zimman, L. (2017). Transgender language reform: Some challenges and strategies for promoting trans-affirming, gender-inclusive language. Journal of Language and Discrimination, 1(1), 84–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Feminism, Corpus-assisted Research and Language Inclusivity
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Feminism, Corpus-assisted Research and Language Inclusivity
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Feminism, Corpus-assisted Research and Language Inclusivity
Available formats
×