Top Predators in Marine Ecosystems: Their Role in Monitoring and Management

C. J. Camphuysen

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511541964

The sustainable exploitation of the marine environment depends upon our capacity to develop systems of management with predictable outcomes. Unfortunately, marine ecosystems are highly dynamic and this property could conflict with the objective of sustainable exploitation. This book investigates the theory that the population and behavioural dynamics of predators at the upper end of marine food chains can be used to assist with management. Since these species integrate the dynamics of marine ecosystems across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, they offer new sources of information that can be formally used in setting management objectives. This book examines the current advances in the understanding of the ecology of marine predators and will investigate how information from these species could be used in management.

‘Each section of the volume has an extensive bibliography which may be one of its most valuable contents allowing an easy access to the many published sources on the subject. It is indexed in a detailed fashion and will be a valuable addition to a botanical library… an invaluable contribution to the marine conservation literature … I would strongly recommend this book to all biologists to rectify any imbalance that may have occurred in their scientific education’

Source: Biologist

' … an interesting and important book … packed with scientific knowledge …'

Source: Fish and Fisheries

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Contents

Frontmatter
pp i-iv
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Contents
pp v-vii
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List of contributors
pp viii-xii
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Preface
pp xiii-xiv
- By Ian Boyd, Director of the Sea Mammal Research Unit University of St Andrews, Sarah Wanless, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
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1 - Introduction
pp 1-10
- By I. L. Boyd, Director Sea Mammal Research Unit, Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK, S. Wanless, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Banchory Research Station, Hill of Brathens, Banchory AB31 4BW, UK
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2 - Effects of fisheries on ecosystems: just another top predator?
pp 11-27
- By A. W. Trites, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4, V. Christensen, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4, D. Pauly, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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3 - Physical forcing in the southwest Atlantic: ecosystem control
pp 28-45
- By P. N. Trathan, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK, E. J. Murphy, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK, J. Forcada, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK, J. P. Croxall, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK, K. Reid, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK, S. E. Thorpe, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
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4 - The use of biologically meaningful oceanographic indices to separate the effects of climate and fisheries on seabird breeding success
pp 46-62
- By B. E. Scott, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK, J. Sharples, Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Bidston Observatory, Birkenhead CH43 7RA, UK, S. Wanless, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Banchory Research Station, Hill of Brathens, Banchory AB31 4BW, UK, O. N. Ross, University of Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Southampton Oceanography Centre, Empress Dock, Southampton S14 3ZH, UK, M. Frederiksen, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Banchory Research Station, Hill of Brathens, Banchory AB31 4BW, UK, F. Daunt, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Banchory Research Station, Hill of Brathens, Banchory AB31 4BW, UK
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5 - Linking predator foraging behaviour and diet with variability in continental shelf ecosystems: grey seals of eastern Canada
pp 63-81
- By W. D. Bowen, Marine Fish Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada B2Y 1A, C. A. Beck, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Marine Mammals Section, Anchorage, Alaska 99518, S. J. Iverson, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1, D. Austin, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1, J. I. MCMillan, Marine Fish Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada B2Y 1A
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6 - Distribution and foraging interactions of seabirds and marine mammals in the North Sea: multispecies foraging assemblages and habitat-specific feeding strategies
pp 82-97
- By B. E. Scott, S. Wanless
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7 - Spatial and temporal variation in the diets of polar bears across the Canadian Arctic: indicators of changes in prey populations and environment
pp 98-117
- By S. J. Iverson, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1, I. Stirling, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5, S. L. C. Lang, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1
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8 - Biophysical influences on seabird trophic assessments
pp 118-130
- By W. A. Montevecchi, Cognitive and Behavioural Ecology Program, Memorial University St John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9, S. Garthe, Centre for Research and Technology Westkuste, University of Kiel Hafentörn, D-25761 Büsum, Germany, G. K. Davoren, Zoology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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9 - Consequences of prey distribution for the foraging behaviour of top predators
pp 131-142
- By I. J. Staniland, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK, P. Trathan, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK, A. R. Martin, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
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10 - Identifying drivers of change: did fisheries play a role in the spread of North Atlantic fulmars?
pp 143-156
- By P. M. Thompson, Lighthouse Field Station, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cromarty VI11 8YJ, UK
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11 - Monitoring predator–prey interactions using multiple predator species: the South Georgia experience
pp 157-176
- By J. P. Croxall, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
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12 - Impacts of oceanography on the foraging dynamics of seabirds in the North Sea
pp 177-190
- By F. Daunt, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Banchory Research Station, Hill of Brathens, Banchory AB31 4BW, UK, S. Wanless, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Banchory Research Station, Hill of Brathens, Banchory AB31 4BW, UK, G. Peters, Centre d'Ecologie et Physiologie Energétiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France, S. Benvenuti, Dipartimento di Etologia, Ecologia ed Evoluzione, Università di Pisa, Via Volta 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy, J. Sharples, Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Bidston Observatory, Birkenhead CH43 7RA, UK, D. Grémillet, Centre d'Ecologie et Physiologie Energétiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 23 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France, B. Scott, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
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13 - Foraging energetics of North Sea birds confronted with fluctuating prey availability
pp 191-210
- By M. R. Enstipp, Centre d'Ecologie et Physiologie Energétiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 23 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France, F. Daunt, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Banchory Research Station, Hill of Brathens, Banchory AB31 4BW, UK, S. Wanless, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Banchory Research Station, Hill of Brathens, Banchory AB31 4BW, UK, E. M. Humphreys, Earth Biosphere Institute and School of Biology, Ecology and Evolution Group, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK, K. C. Hamer, Earth Biosphere Institute and School of Biology, Ecology and Evolution Group, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK, S. Benvenuti, Dipartimento di Etologia, Ecologia ed Evoluzione, Università di Pisa, Via Volta 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy, D. Grémillet, Centre d'Ecologie et Physiologie Energétiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 23 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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14 - How many fish should we leave in the sea for seabirds and marine mammals?
pp 211-222
- By R. W. Furness, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow C12 8QQ, UK
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15 - Does the prohibition of industrial fishing for sandeels have any impact on local gadoid populations?
pp 223-235
- By S. P. R. Greenstreet, Fisheries Research Services, Marine Laboratory, PO Box 101, Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK
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16 - Use of gannets to monitor prey availability in the northeast Atlantic Ocean: colony size, diet and foraging behaviour
pp 236-248
- By K. C. Hamer, Earth Biosphere Institute and School of Biology, Ecology and Evolution Group, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK, S. Lewis, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Banchory Research Station, Hill of Brathens, Banchory AB31 4BW, UK, S. Wanless, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Banchory Research Station, Hill of Brathens, Banchory AB31 4BW, UK, R. A. Phillips, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK, T. N. Sherratt, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottowa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada, E. M. Humphreys, Earth Biosphere Institute and School of Biology, Ecology and Evolution Group, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK, J. Hennicke, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, D-20146 Germany, S. Garthe, Centre for Research and Technology Westkuste, University of Kiel Hafentörn, D-25761 Büsum, Germany
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17 - Population dynamics of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at South Georgia: sampling with predators provides new insights
pp 249-261
- By K. Reid, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK, E. J. Murphy, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK, J. P. Croxall, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK, P. N. Trathan, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
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18 - The functional response of generalist predators and its implications for the monitoring of marine ecosystems
pp 262-274
- By C. Asseburg, Centre for Conservation Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9LZ, UK, J. Harwood, Centre for Conservation Science and Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK, J. Matthiopoulos, Sea Mammal Research Unit and Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK, S. Smout, Centre for Conservation Science and Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
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19 - The method of multiple hypotheses and the decline of Steller sea lions in western Alaska
pp 275-293
- By N. Wolf, MRAG Americas, 110 South Hoover Boulevard, Suite 212, Tampa, Florida 33609, USA, J. Melbourne, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, California 95064, USA, M. Mangel, Center for Stock Assessment Research, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, California 95064, USA
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20 - Modelling the behaviour of individuals and groups of animals foraging in heterogeneous environments
pp 294-309
- By J. G. Ollason, Oceanlab, School of Biological Sciences, The College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Ellon AB41 6AA, UK, J. M. Yearsley, Culterty Field Station, The School of Biological Sciences, The College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Ellon AB41 6AA, UK, K. Liu, Culterty Field Station, The School of Biological Sciences, The College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Ellon AB41 6AA, UK, N. Ren, Oceanlab, The School of Biological Sciences, The College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Ellon AB41 6AA, UK
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21 - The Scenario Barents Sea study: a case of minimal realistic modelling to compare management strategies for marine ecosystems
pp 310-323
- By T. Schweder, Norwegian Computing Center, Box 114 Blindern, 0314 Oslo, Norway
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22 - Setting management goals using information from predators
pp 324-346
- By A. J. Constable, Australian Antarctic Division, Australian Department of Environment and Heritage, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
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23 - Marine reserves and higher predators
pp 347-360
- By S. K. Hooker, Sea Mammal Research Unit, Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
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24 - Marine management: can objectives be set for marine top predators?
pp 361-369
- By M. L. Tasker
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Index
pp 370-378
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Top Predators in Marine Ecosystems

Their Role in Monitoring and Management

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