References
Achen, Christopher H. 2002. “Toward a new Political Methodology: Microfoundations and ART.” Annual Review of Political Science 5, no. 1: 423–450.
Ai, Chunrong, and Norton, Edward C.. 2003. “Interaction Terms in Logit and Probit Models.” Economics Letters 80, no. 1: 123–129.
Alesina, Alberto, Ardagna, Silvia, and Trebbi, Francesco. 2006. Who Adjusts and When? On the Political Economy of Reforms. Working Paper no. 12049. National Bureau of Economic Research.
Alesina, Alberto, Devleeschauwer, Arnaud, Easterly, William, Kurlat, Sergio, and Wacziarg, Romain. 2003. “Fractionalization.” Journal of Economic Growth 8, no. 2: 155–194.
Alesina, Alberto, and Drazen, Allan. 1991. “Why Are Stabilizations Delayed?” American Economic Review 81, no. 5: 1170–1188.
Alesina, Alberto, and Rosenthal, Howard. 1995. Partisan Politics, Divided Government, and the Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Altmann, Jeanne. 1974. “Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling Methods.” Behaviour 49, no. 3: 227–266.
Angrist, Joshua D. 2004. “Treatment Effect Heterogeneity in Theory and Practice.” The Economic Journal 114, no. 494: C52–C83.
Angrist, Joshua D., and Pischke, Jörn-Steffen. 2009. Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist’s Companion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Arellano, Manuel. 1987. “Estimators.” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 49: 431–434.
Arellano, Manuel, and Bond, Stephen. 1991. “Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations.” The Review of Economic Studies 58, no. 2: 277–297.
Bachrach, Peter, and Baratz, Morton S.. 1962. “Two Faces of Power.” American Political Science Review 56, no. 4: 947–952.
Bailey, Michael A. 2005. “Welfare and the Multifaceted Decision to Move.” American Political Science Review 99, no. 1: 125–135.
Bailey, Michael A., and Maltzman, Forrest. 2008. “Does Legal Doctrine Matter? Unpacking Law and Policy Preferences on the US Supreme Court.” American Political Science Review 102, no. 3: 369–384.
Baldwin, David A. 1995. “Security Studies and the End of the Cold War.” World Politics 48, no. 1: 117–141.
Baltagi, B., 2008. Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. Chichester: Wiley.
Banerjee, Abhijit V. 2007. Making Aid Work. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Barrett, Christopher B., and Carter, Michael R.. 2010. “The Power and Pitfalls of Experiments in Development Economics: Some Non-random Reflections.” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 32, no. 4: 515–548.
Bartels, Larry M. 1996. “Pooling Disparate Observations.” American Journal of Political Science 40, no. 3: 905–942.
Baum, J. Robert, and Locke, Edwin A.. 2004. “The Relationship of Entrepreneurial Traits, Skill, and Motivation to Subsequent Venture Growth.” Journal of Applied Psychology 89, no. 4: 587.
Beardsley, Kyle, and Asal, Victor. 2009. “Winning with the Bomb.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 53, no. 2: 278–301.
Bechtel, M. M., and Schneider, G.. 2010. “Eliciting Substance from ‘Hot Air’: Financial Market Responses to EU Summit Decisions on European Defense.” International Organization 64, no. 2: 199–223.
Beck, Nathaniel, Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede, and Beardsley, Kyle. 2006. “Space is More than Geography: Using Spatial Econometrics in the Study of Political Economy.” International Studies Quarterly 50, no. 1: 27–44.
Beck, Nathaniel, and Jackman, Simon. 1998. “Beyond Linearity by Default: Generalized Additive Models.” American Journal of Political Science 42, no. 2: 596.
Beck, Nathaniel, and Katz, Jonathan N.. 1995. “What To Do (and Not To Do) with Time-series Cross-section Data.” American Political Science Review 89, no. 3: 634–647.
Beck, Nathaniel, and Katz, Jonathan N.. 1996. “Nuisance vs. Substance: Specifying and Estimating Time-Series-Cross-Section Models.” Political Analysis 6: 1–36.
Beck, Nathaniel, and Katz, Jonathan N.. 2007. “Random Coefficient Models for Time-Series – Cross-Section Data: Monte Carlo Experiments.” Political Analysis 15, no. 2: 182–195.
Belsley, David A., Kuh, Edwin, and Welsch, Roy E.. 1980. Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity. Chichester: Wiley.
Ben-David, Dan, Lumsdaine, Robin L., and Papell, David H.. 2003. “Unit Roots, Postwar Slowdowns and Long-run Growth: Evidence from Two Structural Breaks.” Empirical Economics 28, no. 2: 303–319.
Berk, Richard A. 1983. “An Introduction to Sample Selection Bias in Sociological Data.” American Sociological Review 48, no. 3: 386–398.
Berry, William D., DeMeritt, Jacqueline H. R., and Esarey, Justin. 2010. “Testing for Interaction in Binary Logit and Probit Models: Is a Product Term Essential?” American Journal of Political Science 54, no. 1: 248–266.
Besley, Timothy, and Reynal-Querol, Marta. 2011. “Do Democracies Select more Educated Leaders?” American Political Science Review 105, no. 3 (2011): 552–566.
Bigsten, Arne. 2013. Globalization and Development: Rethinking Interventions and Governance. London and New York: Routledge.
Blalock, H. M. 1964. Causal Inferences in Nonexperimental Research. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Boehmke, Frederick J. 2003. “Using Auxiliary Data to Estimate Selection Bias Models, with an Application to Interest Group Use of the Direct Initiative Process.” Political Analysis 11, no. 3: 234–254.
Boehmke, Frederick J., Morey, Daniel S., and Shannon, Megan. 2006. “Selection Bias and Continuous-Time Duration Models: Consequences and a Proposed Solution.” American Journal of Political Science 50, no. 1: 192–207.
Boehmke, Frederick J., and Witmer, Richard. 2004. “Disentangling Diffusion: The Effects of Social Learning and Economic Competition on State Policy Innovation and Expansion.” Political Research Quarterly 57, no. 1: 39–51.
Böhm, K., Schmid, A., Götze, R., Landwehr, C., and Rothgang, H.. 2013. “Five Types of OECD Healthcare Systems: Empirical Results of a Deductive Classification.” Health Policy 113, no. 3: 258–269.
Boix, Carles. 2011. “Democracy, Development, and the International System.” American Political Science Review 105, no. 4: 809–828.
Bollen, Kenneth A. 1989. Introduction to Structural Equation Models with Latent Variables. New York: Wiley.
Bound, John, Brown, Charles, and Mathiowetz, Nancy. 2001. “Measurement Error in Survey Data.” Handbook of Econometrics 5: 3705–3843.
Box, George E. P. 1976. “Science and Statistics.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 71, no. 356: 791–799.
Box, George E. P., and Draper, Norman Richard. 1987. Empirical Model-building and Response Surfaces. New York: Wiley.
Bracht, Glenn H., and Glass, Gene V.. 1968. “The External Validity of Experiments.” American Educational Research Journal 5, no. 4: 437–474.
Brambor, Thomas, Clark, William Roberts, and Golder, Matt. 2006. “Understanding Interaction Models: Improving Empirical Analyses.” Political Analysis 14, no. 1: 63–82.
Brand, Jennie E., and Thomas, Juli Simon. 2013. “Causal Effect Heterogeneity.” In Morgan, Stephen L. (ed.), Handbook of Causal Analysis for Social Research, pp. 189–213. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Braumoeller, Bear F. 2008. “Systemic Politics and the Origins of Great Power Conflict.” American Political Science Review 102, no. 1: 77–93.
Breen, R. 1996. Regression Models: Censored, Sample Selected, or Truncated Data. Vancouver: Sage.
Breitung, J., and Pesaran, M. H.. 2008. “Unit Roots and Cointegration in Panels.” In Mátyás, László and Sevestre, Patrick (eds.), The Econometrics of Panel Data, pp. 279–322. Berlin: Springer.
Brillinger, David R. 2002. “John W. Tukey’s Work on Time Series and Spectrum Analysis”. The Annals of Statistics 30, no. 6: 1535–1575.
Budge, Ian. 2001. Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments, 1945–1998. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, and Smith, Alastair. 2005. The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Caliendo, Marco, and Hujer, Reinhard. 2006. “The Microeconometric Estimation of Treatment Effects – An Overview.” Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv 90, no. 1: 199–215.
Calmfors, Lars, and Driffill, John. 1988. “Centralization of Wage Bargaining.” Economic Policy 6, no. 1: 14–61.
Cameron, A. Colin, and Trivedi, Pravin K.. 2010. Microeconometrics Using Stata. College Station: Stata.
Campos, Julia, Ericsson, Neil R., and Hendry, David F.. 2005. General-to-specific Modeling: An Overview and Selected Bibliography. International Finance Discussion Papers No. 838. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
Carey, John M., and Hix, Simon. 2011. “The Electoral Sweet Spot: Low-Magnitude Proportional Electoral Systems.” American Journal of Political Science 55, no. 2: 383–397.
Carroll, R. J., Ruppert, D., and Stefanski, L. A.. 1995. Nonlinear Measurement Error Models. Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability. New York: Chapman and Hall.
Cartwright, Nancy. 2010. “What are Randomised Controlled Trials Good for?” Philosophical Studies 147, no. 1: 59–70.
Cartwright, Nancy, and Hardie, Jeremy. 2012. Evidence-based Policy: A Practical Guide to Doing it Better. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Castles, Francis G., and Mair, Peter. 1984. “Left–right Political Scales: Some ‘Expert’ Judgements.” European Journal of Political Research 12, no. 1: 73–88.
Cederman, Lars-Erik, Buhaug, Halvard, and Rød, Jan Ketil. 2009. “Ethno-nationalist Dyads and Civil War: A GIS-based Analysis.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 53, no. 4: 496–525.
Cheibub, José Antonio, Gandhi, Jennifer, and Vreeland, James Raymond. 2010. “Democracy and Dictatorship Revisited.” Public Choice 143, no. 1–2: 67–101.
Chow, Gregory C. 1960. “Tests of Equality between Sets of Coefficients in Two Linear Regressions.” Econometrica 28: 591–605.
Claeskens, Gerda, and Hjort, Nils Lid. 2008. Model Selection and Model Averaging. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Clarke, Kevin A. 2005. “The Phantom Menace: Omitted Variable Bias in Econometric Research.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 22, no. 4: 341–352.
Clarke, Kevin A., and Primo, David M.. 2012. A Model Discipline. Political Science and the Logic of Representations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cobb-Clark, Deborah A., and Crossley, Thomas. 2003. “Econometrics for Evaluations: An Introduction to Recent Developments.” Economic Record 79, no. 247: 491–511.
Cornfield, J., Haenszel, W., Hammond, E. C., Lilienfeld, A. M., Shimkin, M. B., and Wynder, E. L.. 1959. “Smoking and Lung Cancer: Recent Evidence and a Discussion of Some Questions.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 22: 173–203.
Cronbach, Lee J. 1982. “In Praise of Uncertainty.” New Directions for Evaluation 15: 49–58.
Cronbach, Lee J., and Shapiro, Karen. 1982. Designing Evaluations of Educational and Social Programs. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Cumming, Geoff. 2012. Understanding the New Statistics: Effect Sizes, Confidence Intervals, and Meta-Analysis. New York: Routledge.
Darmofal, David. 2015. Spatial Analysis for the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Davidov, Eldad, Meuleman, Bart, Cieciuch, Jan, Schmidt, Peter, and Billiet, Jaak. 2014. “Measurement Equivalence in Cross-national Research.” Annual Review of Sociology 40: 55–75.
Davidson, R., and MacKinnon, J. G., 2004. Econometric Theory and Methods. New York: Oxford University Press.
Davidsson, Per, and Delmar, Frederic. 2012. “Dealing with Heterogeneity Problems and Causal Effect Estimation in Entrepreneurship Research.” Unpublished working paper.
Davies, James C. 1962. “Toward a Theory of Revolution.” American Sociological Review 27, no. 1: 5–19.
De Boef, Suzanna, and Keele, Luke. 2008. “Taking Time Seriously.” American Journal of Political Science 52, no. 1: 184–200.
Deaton, Angus. 2010, “Instruments, Randomization, and Learning about Development.” Journal of Economic Literature 48, no. 2: 424–455.
DeBell, Matthew. 2013. “Harder than it Looks: Coding Political Knowledge on the ANES.” Political Analysis 21, no. 4: 393–406.
Doering, Holger. 1995. Parliaments and Majority Rule in Western Europe. Frankfurt: Campus.
Duhem, P. M. M. 1954 [1906]. La Théorie physique: son objet, sa structure. The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory. Translated by Wiener, Philip P.. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Duncan, Otis Dudley. 1975. Introduction to Structural Equation Models. New York: Academic Press.
Editors. 2015. “Editorial Statement on Negative Findings.” Health Economics 24: 505.
Efron, Bradley. 1979. “Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife.” The Annals of Statistics 7, no. 1: 1–26.
Efron, Bradley, and Gong, Gail. 1983. “A Leisurely Look at the Bootstrap, the Jackknife, and Cross-validation.” The American Statistician 37, no. 1: 36–48.
Egorov, Georgy, Guriev, Sergei, and Sonin, Konstantin. 2009. “Why Resource-poor Dictators Allow Freer Media: A Theory and Evidence from Panel Data.” American Political Science Review 103, no. 4: 645–668.
Enders, Walter, and Sandler, Todd. 2005. “After 9/11 Is It All Different Now?” Journal of Conflict Resolution 49, no. 2: 259–277.
Enders, Walter. 2008. Applied Econometric Time Series. Chichester: Wiley.
Esarey, J., and Danneman, N.. 2015. “A Quantitative Method for Substantive Robustness Assessment.” Political Science Research and Methods 3, no. 1: 95–111.
Evans, Geoffrey. 1998. “On Tests of Validity and Social Class: Why Prandy and Blackburn are Wrong.” Sociology 32, no. 1: 189–202.
Falbo, Toni. 1977. “Multidimensional Scaling of Power Strategies.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35, no. 8: 537–547.
Falk, Armin, and Heckman, James J.. 2009. “Lab Experiments are a Major Source of Knowledge in the Social Sciences.” Science 326, no. 5952: 535–538.
Fearon, James D. 2003. “Ethnic and Cultural Diversity by Country.” Journal of Economic Growth 8, no. 2: 195–222.
Fearon, James D., and Laitin, David D.. 2003. “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War.” American Political Science Review 97, no. 1: 75–90.
Feld, Lars P., and Savioz, Marcel R.. 1997. “Direct Democracy Matters for Economic Performance: An Empirical Investigation.” Kyklos 50, no. 4: 507–538.
Feldstein, Martin. 1982. “Inflation, Tax Rules and Investment: Some Econometric Evidence.” Econometrica 41: 825–862.
Fernandez, Raquel, and Rodrik, Dani. 1991. “Resistance to Reform: Status Quo Bias in the Presence of Individual-Specific Uncertainty”. American Economic Review 81, no. 5: 1146–1155.
Fisher, Irving. 1973. “I Discovered the Phillips Curve: ‘A Statistical Relation between Unemployment and Price Changes’”. Journal of Political Economy 81, no. 2, Part 1: 496–502.
Fisher, Ronald A. 1925. Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
Fisher, Ronald A. 1958. “Cancer and Smoking.” Nature 182, no. 4635: 596.
Fisher, Ronald A. 1966. The Design of Experiments. New York: Hafner.
Folke, Olle, Hirano, Shigeo, and Snyder, James M.. 2011. “Patronage and Elections in US States.” American Political Science Review 105, no. 3: 567–585.
Fox, John. 1991. Regression Diagnostics: An Introduction. London: Sage.
Frank, Kenneth A. 2000. “Impact of a Confounding Variable on a Regression Coefficient.” Sociological Methods and Research 29, no. 2: 147–194.
Frank, Kenneth, and Min, Kyung-Seok. 2007. “Indices of Robustness for Sample Representation.” Sociological Methodology 37, no. 1: 349–392.
Franzese, Robert J. 1999. “Partially Independent Central Banks, Politically Responsive Governments, and Inflation.” American Journal of Political Science 43: 681–706.
Franzese, Robert J. 2003. “Multiple Hands on the Wheel: Empirically Modeling Partial Delegation and Shared Policy Control in the Open and Institutionalized Economy.” Political Analysis 11, no. 4: 445–474.
Freedman, David A. 1991. “Statistical Models and Shoe Leather.” Sociological Methodology 21, no. 2: 291–313.
Freedman, David A. 2009. “Diagnostics Cannot have Much Power against General Alternatives.” International Journal of Forecasting 25, no. 4: 833–839.
Galton, Francis. 1889. “Personal Identification and Description.” Journal of Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 18: 177–191.
Ganzach, Yoav. 1997. “Misleading Interaction and Curvilinear Terms.” Psychological Methods 2, no. 3: 235.
Ganzach, Yoav. 1998. “Nonlinearity, Multicollinearity and the Probability of Type II Error in Detecting Interaction.” Journal of Management 24, no. 5: 615–622.
Garrett, Geoffrey, and Mitchell, Deborah. 2001. “Globalization, Government Spending and Taxation in the OECD.” European Journal of Political Research 39, no. 2: 145–177.
Gehlbach, Scott, Sonin, Konstantin, and Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina. 2010. “Businessman Candidates.” American Journal of Political Science 54, no. 3: 718–736.
Gelman, A., and Stern, H.. 2006. “The Difference between ‘Significant’ and ‘Not Significant’ is Not Itself Statistically Significant.” The American Statistician 60, no. 4: 328–331.
Gerber, Alan S., and Huber, Gregory A.. 2009. “Partisanship and Economic Behavior: Do Partisan Differences in Economic Forecasts Predict Real Economic Behavior?” American Political Science Review 103, no. 3: 407–426.
Gerber, Alan S., and Huber, Gregory A.. 2010. “Partisanship, Political Control, and Economic Assessments.” American Journal of Political Science 54, no. 1: 153–173.
Gibbons, Stephen, Neumayer, Eric, and Perkins, Richard. 2015. “Student Satisfaction, League Tables and University Applications: Evidence from Britain.” Economics of Education Review 48: 148–164.
Gibbons, Stephen, and Overman, Henry G.. 2012. “Mostly Pointless Spatial Econometrics?” Journal of Regional Science 52, no. 2: 172–191.
Gibler, Douglas M., and Tir, Jaroslav. 2010. “Settled Borders and Regime Type: Democratic Transitions as Consequences of Peaceful Territorial Transfers.” American Journal of Political Science 54, no. 4: 951–968.
Gill, Jeff. 1999. “The Insignificance of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing.” Political Research Quarterly 52, no. 3: 647–674.
Gleditsch, Kristian S., and Ward, Michael D.. 1997. “Double Take a Reexamination of Democracy and Autocracy in Modern Polities.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 41, no. 3: 361–383.
Goodman, S. N. 1992. “A Comment on Replication, p-values and Evidence.” Statistics in Medicine 11, no. 7: 875–879.
Granger, Clive W. J. 1996. “Can we Improve the Perceived Quality of Economic Forecasts?” Journal of Applied Econometrics 11, no. 5: 455–473.
Granovetter, Mark. 1978. “Threshold Models of Collective Behavior.” American Journal of Sociology 83, no. 6: 1420–1443.
Griliches, Z., and Mason, W. M.. 1972. “Education, Income, and Ability.” Journal of Political Economy 80, no. 3: S74–S103.
Gross, J. H. 2015. “Testing What Matters (If You Must Test at All): A Context-Driven Approach to Substantive and Statistical Significance.” American Journal of Political Science 59, no. 3: 775–788.
Grossman, G., and Krueger, A.. 1995. “Economic Environment and the Economic Growth.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 110, no. 2: 353–377.
Hafner-Burton, Emilie M., Helfer, Laurence R., and Fariss, Christopher J.. 2011. “Emergency and Escape: Explaining Derogations from Human Rights Treaties.” International Organization 65, no. 4: 673–707.
Hainmueller, Jens, and Hangartner, Dominik. 2013. “Who gets a Swiss Passport? A Natural Experiment in Immigrant Discrimination.” American Political Science Review 107, no. 1: 159–187.
Hamilton, James D. 1994. Time Series Analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Hamilton, James D. 2003. “What is an Oil Shock?” Journal of Econometrics 113, no. 2: 363–398.
Hammond, E. C., 1964. “Smoking in Relation to Mortality and Morbidity. Findings in First Thirty-four Months of Follow-up in a Prospective Study Started in 1959.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 32, no. 5: 1161–1188.
Hanmer, Michael J., and Kalkan, Kerem Ozan. 2013. “Behind the Curve: Clarifying the Best Approach to Calculating Predicted Probabilities and Marginal Effects from Limited Dependent Variable Models.” American Journal of Political Science 57, no. 1: 263–277.
Hansen, Bruce E. 1996. “Methodology: Alchemy or Science: Review Article.” Economic Journal 106, no. 438: 1398–1413.
Hays, Jude C., and Franzese, Robert J.. 2009. “A Comparison of the Small-sample Properties of Several Estimators for Spatial-lag Count Models.” Unpublished working paper, University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana.
Heckman, James J. 1979. “Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error.” Econometrica 47, no. 1: 153–161.
Heckman, James J. 1990. “Varieties of Selection Bias.” American Economic Review 80, no. 2: 313–318.
Heckman, James J. 2005. “The Scientific Model of Causality.” Sociological Methodology 35, no. 1: 1–97.
Heckman, James J., Smith, Jeffrey, and Clements, Nancy. 1997. “Making the Most out of Programme Evaluations and Social Experiments: Accounting for Heterogeneity in Programme Impacts.” The Review of Economic Studies 64, no. 4: 487–535.
Heckman, James J., Urzua, Sergio, and Vytlacil, Edward. 2006. “Understanding Instrumental Variables in Models with Essential Heterogeneity.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 88, no. 3: 389–432.
Heckman, James, and Vytlacil, Edward. 2005. “Structural Equations, Treatment, Effects and Econometric Policy Evaluation.” Econometrica 73, no. 3: 669–738.
Helm, David T. 2000. “The Measurement of Happiness.” American Journal on Mental Retardation 105, no. 5: 326–335.
Hendry, David F. 2002. “Applied Econometrics without Sinning.” Journal of Economic Surveys 16, no. 4: 591–604.
Hendry, David F., and Krolzig, Hans-Martin. 2005. “The Properties of Automatic GETS Modelling.” The Economic Journal 115, no. 502: C32–C61.
Hendry, David F., Pagan, A. R., and Sargan, J. D.. 1984. “Dynamic specification.” Handbook of Econometrics 2: 1023–1100.
Hilbe, Joseph M. 2011. Negative Binomial Regression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hills, Peter, and Argyle, Michael. 2002. “The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: A Compact Scale for the Measurement of Psychological Well-being.” Personality and Individual Differences 33, no. 7: 1073–1082.
Ho, D. E., Imai, K., King, G., and Stuart, E. A.. 2007. “Matching as Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence in Parametric Causal Inference.” Political Analysis 15, no. 3: 199–236.
Hoeting, Jennifer A., Madigan, David, Raftery, Adrian E., and Volinsky, Chris T.. 1999. “Bayesian Model Averaging: A Tutorial.” Statistical Science 14, no. 4: 382–401.
Hogan, Michael J. 1992. The End of the Cold War: Its Meaning and Implications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Holland, Paul W. 1986. “Statistics and Causal Inference.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 81, no. 396: 945–960.
Honaker, James, and King, Gary. 2010. “What to do about Missing Values in Time-series Cross-section Data.” American Journal of Political Science 54, no. 2: 561–581.
Hoover, Kevin D., and Perez, Stephen J.. 1999. “Data Mining Reconsidered: Encompassing and the General-to-specific Approach to Specification Search.” The Econometrics Journal 2, no. 2: 167–191.
Hoover, Kevin D., and Perez, Stephen J.. 2004. “Truth and Robustness in Cross-country Growth Regressions.” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 66, no. 5: 765–798.
Høyland, Bjørn, Moene, Karl, and Willumsen, Fredrik. 2012. “The Tyranny of International Index Rankings.” Journal of Development Economics 97, no. 1: 1–14.
Hsee, Christopher K., and Tang, Judy Ningyu. 2007. “Sun and Water: On a Modulus-based Measurement of Happiness.” Emotion 7, no. 1: 213–218.
Hsiao, Cheng. 2003. Analysis of Panel Data. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hsiao, Cheng, Mountain, Dean C., Chan, M. W. Luke, and Tsui, Kai Y.. 1989. “Modeling Ontario Regional Electricity System Demand Using a Mixed Fixed and Random Coefficients Approach.” Regional Science and Urban Economics 19, no. 4: 565–587.
Hsiao, Cheng, and Pesaran, M. Hashem. 2004. Random Coefficient Panel Data Models. Paper No. 4.2. Institute of Economic Policy Research (IEPR).
Hsiao, Cheng, and Pesaran, M. Hashem. 2008. “Random Coefficient Models.” In Mátyás, László and Sevestre, Patrick (eds.), The Econometrics of Panel Data, pp. 185–213. Berlin: Springer.
Hug, Simon. 2003. “Selection Bias in Comparative Research: The Case of Incomplete Data Sets.” Political Analysis 11, no. 3: 255–274.
Huntington, Samuel P. 1996. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Imai, Kosuke, Keele, Luke, Tingley, Dustin, and Yamamoto, Teppei. 2011. “Unpacking the Black Box of Causality: Learning about Causal Mechanisms from Experimental and Observational Studies.” American Political Science Review 105, no. 4: 765–789.
Imai, Kosuke, King, Gary, and Stuart, Elizabeth A.. 2008. “Misunderstandings between Experimentalists and Observationalists about Causal Inference.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 171, no. 2: 481–502.
Imbens, Guido W. 2010. “Better LATE than Nothing.” Journal of Economic Literature 48: 399–423.
Jaccard, James, and Turrisi, Robert. 2003. Interaction Effects in Multiple Regression. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage.
Jackman, Simon. 1999. “Correcting Surveys for Non-response and Measurement Error using Auxiliary Information.” Electoral Studies 18, no. 1: 7–27.
Jaggers, Keith, and Marshall, Monty. 2007. Polity IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800–2007. Database Codebook. Center for Systemic Peace. http://www.systemicpeace.org/ (last access 3 April 2017).
Kam, Cindy, and Franzese, Robert J.. 2009. Modeling and Interpreting Interactive Hypotheses in Regression Analysis. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Kammann, Richard, Farry, Marcelle, and Herbison, Peter. 1984. “The Analysis and Measurement of Happiness as a Sense of Well-being.” Social Indicators Research 15, no. 2: 91–115.
Katz, Michael L., and Shapiro, Carl. 1985. “Network Externalities, Competition, and Compatibility.” American Economic Review 75, no. 3: 424–440.
Kaufman, D., Kraay, A., and Mastruzzi, M.. 2010. The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analysis. Working Paper no. 5430. World Bank Policy Research.
Keane, M. P. 2010. “Structural vs. Atheoretic Approaches to Econometrics.” Journal of Econometrics 156, no. 1: 3–20.
Keefer, Philip, Neumayer, Eric, and Plümper, Thomas. 2011. “Earthquake Propensity and the Politics of Mortality Prevention.” World Development 39, no. 9: 1530–1541.
Keefer, Philip, and Stasavage, David. 2002. “Checks and Balances, Private Information, and the Credibility of Monetary Commitments.” International Organization 56, no. 4: 751–774.
Keele, Luke John. 2008. Semiparametric Regression for the Social Sciences. Chichester: Wiley.
Kennedy, Peter. 2008. A Guide to Econometrics. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
King, Gary, Honaker, James, Joseph, Anne, and Scheve, Kenneth. 2001. “Analyzing Incomplete Political Science Data: An Alternative Algorithm for Multiple Imputation.” American Political Science Association 95, no. 1: 49–69.
King, Gary, Keohane, Robert O., and Verba, Sidney. 1994. Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
King, Gary, and Zeng, Langche. 2001a. “Explaining Rare Events in International Relations.” International Organization 55, no. 3: 693–715.
King, Gary, and Zeng, Langche. 2001b. “Logistic Regression in Rare Events Data.” Political Analysis 9, no. 2: 137–163.
Kozma, Albert, and Stones, M. J.. 1980. “The Measurement of Happiness: Development of the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH).” Journal of Gerontology 35, no. 6: 906–912.
Krolzig, Hans-Martin, and Hendry, David F.. 2001. “Computer Automation of General-to-specific Model Selection Procedures.” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 25, no. 6: 831–866.
Kuha, Jouni, and Temple, Jonathan. 2003. “Covariate Measurement Error in Quadratic Regression.” International Statistical Review 71, no. 1: 131–150.
Kuznets, Simon. 1955. “Economic Growth and Income Inequality.” American Economic Review 45, no. 1: 1–28.
Kyung, Minjung, Gill, Jeff, and Casella, George. 2010. “Estimation in Dirichlet Random Effects Models.” The Annals of Statistics 38, no. 2: 979–1009.
Langbein, Laura, and Knack, Stephen. 2010. “The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Six, One, or None?” Journal of Development Studies 46, no. 2: 350–370.
Lassen, David Dreyer, and Serritzlew, Søren. 2011. “Jurisdiction Size and Local Democracy: Evidence on Internal Political Efficacy from Large-scale Municipal Reform.” American Political Science Review 105, no. 2: 238–258.
Lau, Lawrence J. 1986. “Functional Forms in Econometric Model Building.” Handbook of Econometrics 3: 1515–1566.
Leamer, Edward E. 1978. Specification Searches: Ad hoc Inference with Nonexperimental Data. Chichester: Wiley.
Leamer, Edward E. 1983. “Let’s Take the Con out of Econometrics.” American Economic Review 73, no. 1: 31–43.
Leamer, Edward E. 1985. “Sensitivity Analyses Would Help.” American Economic Review 75, no. 3: 308–313.
Lemons, John, Shrader-Frechette, Kristin, and Cranor, Carl. 1997. “The Precautionary Principle: Scientific Uncertainty and Type I and Type II Errors.” Foundations of Science 2, no. 2: 207–236.
Leung, Siu Fai, and Yu, Shihti. 1996. “On the Choice between Sample Selection and Two-part Models.” Journal of Econometrics 72, no. 1: 197–229.
Levine, Ross, and Renelt, David. 1992. “A Sensitivity Analysis of Cross-country Growth Regressions.” American Economic Review 82, no. 4: 942–963.
Lewis, Brian N., and Cook, Jenny A.. 1968. “Some Comments and Recommendations Concerning Inter-coder Reliability.” Psychological Reports 22, no. 3c: 1213–1225.
Lipsmeyer, Christine S., and Zhu, Ling. 2011. “Immigration, Globalization, and Unemployment Benefits in Developed EU States.” American Journal of Political Science 55, no. 3: 647–664.
Lohr, Sharon. 2009. Sampling: Design and Analysis. Boston: Cengage Learning.
Lukes, Steven. 1974. Power: A Radical View. London: Macmillan.
Maddala, Gangadharrao S. 1998. “Recent Developments in Dynamic Econometric Modelling: A Personal Viewpoint.” Political Analysis 7: 59–87.
Magnus, Jan R. 1999. “The Success of Econometrics.” De Economist 147, no. 1: 55–71.
Manski, Charles F. 1990. “Nonparametric Bounds on Treatment Effects.” American Economic Review 80, no. 2: 319–323.
Manski, Charles F. 1995. Identification Problems in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Martin, Cathie Jo, and Swank, Duane. 2004. “Does the Organization of Capital Matter? Employers and Active Labor Market Policy at the National and Firm Levels.” American Political Science Review 98, no. 4: 593–611.
Martin, Cathie Jo, and Swank, Duane. 2008. “The political origins of coordinated capitalism: Business organizations, party systems, and state structure in the age of innocence.” American Political Science Review 102, no. 2: 181–198.
McAleer, Michael. 1994. “Sherlock Holmes and the Search for Truth: A Diagnostic Tale.” Journal of Economic Surveys 8, no. 4: 317–370.
Montgomery, J. M., and Nyhan, B.. 2010. “Bayesian model averaging: Theoretical developments and practical applications.” Political Analysis 18, no. 2: 245–270.
Morgan, Stephen L., and Todd, Jennifer J.. 2008. “A Diagnostic Routine for the Detection of Consequential Heterogeneity of Causal Effects.” Sociological Methodology 38, no. 1: 231–281.
Morgan, Stephen L., and Winship, Christopher. 2015. Counterfactuals and Causal Inference, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mukherjee, Bumba, and Singer, David Andrew. 2010. “International Institutions and Domestic Compensation: The IMF and the Politics of Capital Account Liberalization.” American Journal of Political Science 54, no. 1: 45–60.
Munck, Gerardo L., and Verkuilen, Jay. 2002. “Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy Evaluating Alternative Indices.” Comparative Political Studies 35, no. 1: 5–34.
Neumayer, Eric. 2002. “Do Democracies Exhibit Stronger International Environmental Commitment? A Cross-country Analysis.” Journal of Peace Research 39, no. 2: 139–164.
Neumayer, Eric, and Plümper, Thomas. 2010. “Spatial Effects in Dyadic Data.” International Organization 64, no. 1: 145–166.
Neumayer, Eric, and Plümper, Thomas. 2011. “Foreign Terror on Americans.” Journal of Peace Research 48, no. 1: 3–17.
Neumayer, Eric, and Plümper, Thomas. 2012. “Conditional Spatial Policy Dependence: Theory and Model Specification.” Comparative Political Studies 45, no. 7: 819–849.
Neumayer, Eric, and Plümper, Thomas. 2016a. “W.” Political Science Research and Methods 4, no. 1: 175–193.
Neumayer, Eric, and Plümper, Thomas. 2016b. “Inequalities of Income and Inequalities of Longevity: A Cross-country Study.” American Journal of Public Health 106, no. 1: 160–165.
Neumayer, Eric, Plümper, Thomas, and Barthel, Fabian. 2014. “The Political Economy of Natural Disaster Damage.” Global Environmental Change 24: 8–19.
Neumayer, Eric, Plümper, Thomas, and Epifanio, Mariaelisa. 2014. “The ‘Peer-effect’ in Counterterrorist Policies.” International Organization 68, no. 1: 211–234.
Nickell, S. 1981. Biases in Dynamic Models with Fixed Effects. Econometrica 49, no. 6: 1417–1426.
Nielsen, Richard A., Findley, Michael G., Davis, Zachary S., Candland, Tara, and Nielson, Daniel L.. 2011. “Foreign Aid Shocks as a Cause of Violent Armed Conflict.” American Journal of Political Science 55, no. 2: 219–232.
Nordås, R., and Davenport, C.. 2013. “Fight the Youth: Youth Bulges and State Repression.” American Journal of Political Science 57, no. 4: 926–940.
Nordhaus, William D. 1975. “The Political Business Cycle.” Review of Economic Studies 42, no. 2: 169–190.
Nosek, B. A., et al. 2015. “Estimating the Reproducibility of Psychological Science.” Science 349, no. 6251: aac4716-1-aac4716-8.
Pan, Wei, and Frank, Kenneth A.. 2003. “A Probability Index of the Robustness of a Causal Inference.” Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 28, no. 4: 315–337.
Peach, J. T., and Webb, J. L.. 1983. “Randomly specified macroeconomic models: Some implications for model selection.” Journal of Economic Issues 17, no. 3: 697–720.
Pearl, Judea. 2000. “Causal Inference without Counterfactuals: Comment.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 94, no. 450: 428–431.
Pearl, Judea. 2015. “Detecting Latent Heterogeneity.” Sociological Methods and Research (published online; forthcoming in print). doi: 10.1177/0049124115600597.
Pemstein, Daniel, Meserve, Stephen A., and Melton, James. 2010. “Democratic Compromise: A Latent Variable Analysis of Ten Measures of Regime Type.” Political Analysis 18, no. 4: 426–449.
Perkins, Richard, and Neumayer, Eric. 2013. “The Ties that Bind: The Role of Migrants in the Uneven Geography of International Telephone Traffic.” Global Networks 13, no. 1: 79–100.
Pesaran, M. Hashem, Pettenuzzo, Davide, and Timmermann, Allan. 2006. “Forecasting Time Series Subject to Multiple Structural Breaks.” The Review of Economic Studies 73, no. 4: 1057–1084.
Pietryka, Matthew T., and MacIntosh, Randall C.. 2013. “An Analysis of ANES Items and Their Use in the Construction of Political Knowledge Scales.” Political Analysis 21, no. 4: 407–429.
Plümper, Thomas, and Neumayer, Eric. 2009. “Famine Mortality, Rational Political Inactivity, and International Food Aid.” World Development 37, no. 1: 50–61.
Plümper, Thomas, and Neumayer, Eric. 2010a. “The Level of Democracy during Interregnum Periods: Recoding the Polity2 Score.” Political Analysis 18, no. 2: 206–226.
Plümper, Thomas, and Neumayer, Eric. 2010b. “Model Specification in the Analysis of Spatial Dependence.” European Journal of Political Research 49, no. 3: 418–442.
Plümper, Thomas, and Neumayer, Eric. 2013. “Health Spending, Out-of-pocket Contributions, and Mortality Rates.” Public Administration 91, no. 2: 403–418.
Plümper, Thomas, Schneider, Christina J., and Troeger, Vera E.. 2006. “The Politics of EU Eastern Enlargement: Evidence from a Heckman Selection Model.” British Journal of Political Science 36, no. 1: 17–38.
Plümper, Thomas, and Traunmüller, Richard. 2016. “The Sensitivity of Sensitivity Tests.” Unpublished manuscript, Vienna and Frankfurt.
Plümper, Thomas, and Troeger, Vera E.. 2007. “Efficient Estimation of Time-invariant and Rarely Changing Variables in Finite Sample Panel Analyses with Unit Fixed Effects.” Political Analysis 15, no. 2: 124–139.
Plümper, Thomas, and Troeger, Vera E.. 2011. “Fixed-effects Vector Decomposition: Properties, Reliability, and Instruments.” Political Analysis 19, no. 2: 147–164.
Plümper, Thomas, and Troeger, Vera E.. 2016. “Fixed Effects Models and Dynamic Model Misspecification.” Unpublished manuscript, Warwick and Vienna.
Plümper, Thomas, Troeger, Vera E., and Manow, Philip. 2005. “Panel Data Analysis in Comparative Politics: Linking Method to Theory.” European Journal of Political Research 44, no. 2: 327–354.
Plümper, Thomas, Troeger, Vera E., and Winner, Hannes. 2009. “Why is There no Race to the Bottom in Capital Taxation?” International Studies Quarterly 53, no. 3: 761–786.
Przeworski, Adam, Alvarez, M., Cheibub, J. A., and Limongi, F.. 2000. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-being in the World, 1950–1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Puhani, Patrick. 2000. “The Heckman Correction for Sample Selection and its Critique.” Journal of Economic Surveys 14, no. 1: 53–68.
Quine, Willard. 1951. Mathematical Logic. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Rainey, C. 2014. “Arguing for a Negligible Effect.” American Journal of Political Science 58, no. 4: 1083–1091.
Ravallion, Martin. 2012. “Fighting Poverty One Experiment at a Time: A Review of Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo’s Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty.” Journal of Economic Literature 50, no. 1: 103–114.
Rivera-Batiz, F. L. 1999. “Undocumented Workers in the Labor Market: An Analysis of the Earnings of Legal and Illegal Mexican Immigrants in the United States.” Journal of Population Economics 12, no. 1: 91–116.
Rodrik, Dani. 1996. “Understanding Economic Policy Reform.” Journal of Economic Literature 34, no. 1: 9–41.
Rosenbaum, Paul R. 1991. “A Characterization of Optimal Designs for Observational Studies.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 53, no. 3: 597–610.
Rosenbaum, Paul R. 2002. Observational Studies. New York: Springer.
Rosenbaum, Paul R. 2010. Design of Observational Studies. New York: Springer.
Royston, Patrick, and Altman, Douglas G.. 1994. “Regression using Fractional Polynomials of Continuous Covariates: Parsimonious Parametric Modelling.” Applied Statistics 43, no. 3: 429–467.
Rubin, Donald B. 1974. “Estimating Causal Effects of Treatments in Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies.” Journal of Educational Psychology 66, no. 5: 688.
Rubin, Donald B. 1976. “Inference and Missing Data.” Biometrika 63, no. 3: 581–592.
Rubin, Donald B. 2008. “For Objective Causal Inference, Design Trumps Analysis.” The Annals of Applied Statistics 2, no. 3: 808–840.
Ruggeri, Andrea, Gizelis, Theodora-Ismene, and Dorussen, Han. 2011. “Events Data as Bismarck’s Sausages? Intercoder Reliability, Coders’ Selection, and Data Quality.” International Interactions 37, no. 3: 340–361.
Ryder, Norman B. 1964. “Notes on the Concept of a Population.” American Journal of Sociology 69, no. 5: 447–463.
Sala-i-Martin, Xavier X. 1997. “I just ran Two Million Regressions.” American Economic Review 82, no. 2: 178–183.
Sala-i-Martin, Xavier X., Doppelhofer, Gernot, and Miller, Ronald I.. 2004. “Determinants of Long-Term Growth: A Bayesian Averaging of Classical Estimates (BACE) Approach.” American Economic Review 94, no. 4: 813–835.
Salganik, Matthew J., and Heckathorn, Douglas D.. 2004. “Sampling and Estimation in Hidden Populations Using Respondent-driven Sampling.” Sociological Methodology 34, no. 1: 193–240.
Sartori, Anne E. 2003. “An Estimator for Some Binary-Outcome Selection Models without Exclusion Restrictions.” Political Analysis 11, no. 2: 111–138.
Schafer, Joseph L., and Graham, John W.. 2002. “Missing Data: Our View of the State of the Art.” Psychological Methods 7, no. 2: 147–177.
Scheve, Kenneth, and Slaughter, Matthew J.. 2004. “Economic Insecurity and the Globalization of Production.” American Journal of Political Science 48, no. 4: 662–674.
Schindler, Kati, and Brück, Tilman. 2011. The Effects of Conflict on Fertility in Rwanda. Discussion paper no. 1143. German Institute for Economic Research.
Schleiter, Petra, and Morgan-Jones, Edward. 2009. “Constitutional Power and Competing Risks: Monarchs, Presidents, Prime Ministers, and the Termination of East and West European Cabinets.” American Political Science Review 103, no. 3: 496–512.
Schmitt, Carina. 2016. “Panel Data Analysis and Partisan Variables: How Periodization Does Influence Partisan Effects.” Journal of European Public Policy 23, no. 10: 1442–1459.
Sekhon, Jasjeet S. 2007. Alternative Balance Metrics for Bias Reduction in Matching Methods for Causal Inference. Survey Research Center, University of California, Berkeley.
Sekhon, Jasjeet S. 2009. “Opiates for the Matches: Matching Methods for Causal Inference.” Annual Review of Political Science 12: 487–508.
Shadish, William R., Cook, Thomas D., and Campbell, Donald Thomas. 2002. Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Belmont: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Sieberer, Ulrich. 2011. “The Institutional Power of Western European Parliaments: A Multidimensional Analysis.” West European Politics 34, no. 4: 731–754.
Sigelman, Lee, and Zeng, Langche. 1999. “Analyzing Censored and Sample-selected Data with Tobit and Heckit models.” Political Analysis 8, no. 2: 167–182.
Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., and Simonsohn, U.. 2011. “False-Positive Psychology: Undisclosed Flexibility in Data Collection and Analysis Allows Presenting Anything as Significant.” Psychological Science 22, no. 11: 1359–1366.
Solow, R. M. 1956. “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 70, no. 1: 65–94.
Steenbergen, Marco, and Jones, Bradford. 2002. “Modeling Multilevel Data Structures.” American Journal of Political Science 46: 218–237.
Stegmüller, Daniel. 2011. “Apples and Oranges? The Problem of Equivalence in Comparative Research.” Political Analysis 19: 471–487.
Stevens, Stanley Smith. 1946. “On the Theory of Scales of Measurement.” Science 103: 677–680.
Strijbis, Oliver. 2013. “Prototypical Weighting toward a Solution for Macrosociological Comparisons of Fuzzy Cases.” Sociological Methods and Research 42, no. 4: 458–482.
Swamy, Paravastu A. V. B. 1970. “Efficient Inference in a Random Coefficient Regression Model.” Econometrica 38, no. 2: 311–323.
Temple, Jonathan R. W. 1998. “Robustness Tests of the Augmented Solow Model.” Journal of Applied Econometrics 13, no. 4: 361–375.
Thomas, Melissa A. 2010. “What Do the Worldwide Governance Indicators Measure?” European Journal of Development Research 22, no. 1: 31–54.
Tobler, Waldo R. 1970. “A Computer Movie Simulating Urban Growth in the Detroit Region.” Economic Geography 46: 234–240.
Treier, Shawn, and Jackman, Simon. 2008. “Democracy as a Latent Variable.” American Journal of Political Science 52, no. 1: 201–217.
Tsebelis, George. 1995. “Decision Making in Political Systems: Veto Players in Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, Multicameralism and Multipartyism.” British Journal of Political Science 25, no. 3: 289–325.
Tsebelis, George. 1999. “Veto Players and Law Production in Parliamentary Democracies: An Empirical Analysis.” American Political Science Review 93, no. 3: 591–608.
Tucker, Joshua A., Pacek, Alexander C., and Berinsky, Adam J.. 2002. “Transitional Winners and Losers: Attitudes toward EU Membership in Post-Communist Countries.” American Journal of Political Science 46, no. 3: 557–571.
Valliant, Richard, Dorfman, Alan H., and Royall, Richard M.. 2000. Finite Population Sampling and Inference: A Prediction Approach. Chichester: Wiley.
Vanhanen, Tatu. 2000. “A New Dataset for Measuring Democracy, 1810–1998.” Journal of Peace Research 37, no. 2: 251–265.
Vella, Francis. 1998. “Estimating Models with Sample Selection Bias: A Survey.” Journal of Human Resources 33, no. 1: 127–169.
Vreeland, James Raymond. 2008. “The Effect of Political Regime on Civil War.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 52, no. 3: 401–425.
Wansbeek, Tom, and Meijer, Erik. 2000. Measurement Error and Latent Variables in Econometrics. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Jr.Ward, J. H. 1963. “Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 58: 236–244.
Watters, John K., and Biernacki, Patrick. 1989. “Targeted Sampling: Options for the Study of Hidden Populations.” Social Problems 36, no. 4: 416–430.
Western, Bruce. 1998. “Causal Heterogeneity in Comparative Research: A Bayesian Hierarchical Modelling Approach.” American Journal of Political Science 42, no. 4: 1233.
Wilson, Sven E., and Butler, Daniel M.. 2007. “A Lot More to Do: The Sensitivity of Time-series Cross-section Analyses to Simple Alternative Specifications.” Political Analysis 15, no. 2: 101–123.
Winship, Christopher, and Morgan, Stephen L.. 1999. “The Estimation of Causal Effects from Observational Data.” Annual Review of Sociology 25: 659–706.
Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. 2000. Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, 1st edn. Cincinnati: South-Western Educational Publishing.
Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. 2010. Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Ziliak, S. T., and McCloskey, D. N.. 2008. The Cult of Statistical Significance: How the Standard Error Costs us Jobs, Justice, and Lives. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
