Functional imaging of other anxiety disorders

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511782091.021

20 - Functional imaging of other anxiety disorders

from Section III - Anxiety Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 January 2011

Oliver Tüscher ,

Daniel J. Zimmerman and

David A. Silbersweig

Edited by

Martha E. Shenton and

Bruce I. Turetsky

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Oliver Tüscher: Affiliation:
Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
Daniel J. Zimmerman: Affiliation:
Department of Neurology andDepartment of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
David A. Silbersweig: Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
Martha E. Shenton: Affiliation:
VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Bruce I. Turetsky: Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania

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Summary

Panic disorder is a common and incapacitating mental disorder (primary as well as comorbid: PD lifetime prevalence 1.6–4.7% and 12-month prevalence in other mental disorders ~69%; Alonso and Lepine,2007; Kessler et al., 2005). It is characterized by the recurrent, unexpected attacks of multiple somatic (e.g. palpitations, sweating, paresthesias, feeling of shortness of breath or choking) and cognitive fear symptoms (e.g. derealization or depersonalization, fear of losing control or dying), which can occur with or without agoraphobia (fear of experiencing panic in situations from which escape might be difficult). The condition is diagnosed if such panic attacks are followed by persistent concerns about having additional attacks, worry about the implications of the attack or its consequences, and a significant change in the behavior related to the attacks (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).

Brain imaging in panic disorders

Structural and functional neuroimaging studies have contributed enormously to the understanding of the neural substrates of PD. To date, some 200 human neuroimaging studies have been performed using a wide variety of imaging techniques ranging from computed tomography (CT) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), resting state cerebral blood flow (CBF) and receptor binding studies, to functional PET, SPECT and MRI studies using “panicogen” drug challenge (e.g. lactate, CO2, yohimbine) or cognitive activation paradigms (for reviews see Damsa et al., 2009; Engel et al., 2009; Graeff and Del-Ben, 2008; Rauch et al., 2003).

Keywords

amygdala anterior cingulate anxiety disorders posttraumatic stress disorder FMRI panic disorders

Type: Chapter
Information: Understanding Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Insights from Neuroimaging
, pp. 288 - 294

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511782091.021 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2010

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