Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T18:54:50.156Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

7 - Massive Transfusion Protocols in Trauma Care

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 January 2010

John E. Forestner
Affiliation:
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Parkland Memorial Hospital, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
Charles E. Smith
Affiliation:
Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
Get access

Summary

Objectives

  • Describe planning and implementation of a massive transfusion protocol (MTP) for a large urban trauma service.

  • Stress the coordination and education effort involving many hospital services prior to introduction of the protocol.

  • Review the available data on clotting function during rapid exsanguination, and the optimal distribution of blood products for fluid resuscitation (packed red blood cells, plasma, platelets, cryoprecipitate, and recombinant Factor VIIa) during ongoing blood loss.

  • Discuss the difficulty of designing research in trauma patients to demonstrate significant benefit to these patients caused by the MTP.

  • Present preliminary outcome data using the MTP (compared with prospectively gathered historical control data collected in the year prior to introduction of the MTP), which shows a decrease in the number of blood products required for fluid resuscitation in surgery, implying some benefit in trauma patients by providing control of coagulopathy.

INTRODUCTION

The design and implementation of a massive transfusion protocol (MTP) for use in trauma care in a large urban hospital is described. The MTP provides rapidly bleeding patients with automatic regular shipments of blood products to facilitate fluid resuscitation during emergency care and surgery. Design of the protocol, particularly the choice of ratio between packed red blood cells, plasma, and platelets at each stage of resuscitation, is discussed based on results of recent studies concerning the need for volume support, oxygen delivery, and coagulation support during ongoing blood loss and surgery.

Type
Chapter
Information
Trauma Anesthesia , pp. 121 - 132
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Holcomb, JG, Hess, JR. Early massive trauma transfusion: State of the art. Editors' introduction. J Trauma 2006;60:S1–2. Symposium, S1–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dutton, RP, Carson, JL. Indications for early red blood cell transfusion. J Trauma 2006;60:S35–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kauvar, DS, Lefering, R, Wade, CE. Impact of hemorrhage on trauma outcome: An overview of epidemiology, clinical presentations, and therapeutic considerations. J Trauma 2006;60: S3–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Repine, TB, Perkins, JG, Kauvar, DS, Blackborne, L. The use of fresh whole blood in massive transfusion. J Trauma 2006;60:S59–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malone, DL, Dunne, J, Tracy, JK, Putnam, AT, Scalea, TM, Napolitano, LM. Blood transfusion, independent of shock severity, is associated with worse outcome in trauma. J Trauma 2003;54: 898–905; discussion 905–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Norda, R, Tynell, E, Akerblom, O. Cumulative risks of early fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and platelet transfusion in Europe. J Trauma 2006;60:S41–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holcomb, JG. Impact of hemorrhage on trauma outcome: An overview of epidemiology, clinical presentations, and therapeutic considerations. J Trauma 2006;60:discussion S11.Google Scholar
Hardy, J-F, Moerloose, P, Samama, M. Massive transfusion and coagulopathy: Pathophysiology and implications for clinical management. Can J Anesth 2004;51:293–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, DJ, Pernell, BJ, Weinstein, SL, Olson, JD. Packed red blood cells in acute blood loss: Dilutional coagulopathy as cause of surgical bleeding. Anesth Analg 1995;80:336–42.Google ScholarPubMed
Hampton S. Personal communication.
Martinowitz, U. Impact of hemorrhage on trauma outcome: An overview of epidemiology, clinical presentations, and therapeutic considerations. J Trauma 2006;60:discussion S11.Google Scholar
Hirshberg, A, Dugas, M, Banez, EI, Scott, BG, Wall, MJ Jr, Mattox, KL. Minimizing dilutional coagulopathy in exsanguinating hemorrhage: A computer simulation. J Trauma 2003;54: 454–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hiippala, ST, Myllyla, GJ, Vahtera, E. Hemostatic factors and replacement of major blood loss with plasma-poor red cell concentrates. Anesth Analg 1995;81:360–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Ketchum, L, Hess, JR, Hiippala, ST. Indications for early fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and platelet transfusion in trauma. J Trauma 2006;60:S51–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malone, DL, Hess, JR, Fingerhut, A. Massive transfusion practices around the globe and a suggestion for a common massive transfusion protocol. J Trauma 2006;60:S91–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haas, T, Innerhofer, P, Kuhbacher, G, Fries, D. Novoseven for treatment of coagulopathy. Anesthesiology 2005;100:54–8.Google Scholar
Dutton, RP, McCunn, M, Hyder, M, et al. Factor VIIa for correction of traumatic coagulopathy. J Trauma 2004;57:709–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allen, GA, Hoffman, M, Roberts, HR, Monroe, DM III. Recombinant activated factor VII: Its mechanism of action and role in the control of hemorrhage. Can J Anesth 2002;49:S7–14.Google ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Massive Transfusion Protocols in Trauma Care
    • By John E. Forestner, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Parkland Memorial Hospital, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
  • Edited by Charles E. Smith, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
  • Book: Trauma Anesthesia
  • Online publication: 18 January 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547447.010
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Massive Transfusion Protocols in Trauma Care
    • By John E. Forestner, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Parkland Memorial Hospital, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
  • Edited by Charles E. Smith, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
  • Book: Trauma Anesthesia
  • Online publication: 18 January 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547447.010
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Massive Transfusion Protocols in Trauma Care
    • By John E. Forestner, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Parkland Memorial Hospital, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
  • Edited by Charles E. Smith, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
  • Book: Trauma Anesthesia
  • Online publication: 18 January 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547447.010
Available formats
×