Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T12:58:41.040Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

4 - Microstructure under Flow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 April 2021

By
Norman J. Wagner
Edited by
Norman J. Wagner  and
Jan Mewis
Norman J. Wagner
Affiliation:
University of Delaware
Jan Mewis
Affiliation:
KU Leuven, Belgium
Get access

Summary

The microstructure of colloidal suspensions, both at rest and under flow, is a function of the particle and fluid properties, interparticle potential, and processing or flow history. Indeed, complex, nonlinear rheological phenomena, such as thixotropy and shear thickening, are associated with significant changes in microstructure during flow and processing. A modern understanding of colloidal suspension rheology thus necessitates measurement of colloidal suspension microstructure under flow as well as at rest. Two popular classes of experimental methods for microstructure measurement are introduced and explained, namely confocal microscopy and scattering of light, neutrons, and x-rays.

Keywords

rheologymicrostructureconfocal microscopyneutron scatteringlight scatteringx-ray scattering
Type
Chapter
Information
Theory and Applications of Colloidal Suspension Rheology , pp. 155 - 172
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Mewis, J, Wagner, NJ. Colloidal Suspension Rheology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2012. 393 p.Google Scholar
Batchelor, GK. The effect of Brownian motion on the bulk stress in a suspension of spherical particles. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 1977;83(1):97.Google Scholar
Batchelor, GK. The stress system in a suspension of force-free particles. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 1970;41(3):545–570.Google Scholar
Russel, WB, Saville, DA, Schowalter, WR. Colloidal Dispersions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1989.Google Scholar
Glatter, O. Scattering Methods and Their Application in Colloid and Interface Science. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2018. 392 p.Google Scholar
Eberle, APR, Porcar, L. Flow-SANS and Rheo-SANS applied to soft matter. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science. 2012;17(1):33–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roe, RJ. Methods of X-ray and Neutron Scattering in Polymer Science. New York: Oxford University Press; 2000. 331 p.Google Scholar
Egres, R, Nettesheim, F, Wagner, NJ. Rheo-SANS investigation of acicular-precipitated calcium carbonate colloidal suspensions through the shear thickening transition. Journal of Rheology. 2006;50(5):685–709.Google Scholar
Pignon, F, Magnin, A, Piau, J-M. Butterfly light scattering pattern and rheology of a sheared thixotropic clay gel. Physical Review Letters. 1997;79(23):4689–4692.Google Scholar
Pignon, F, Magnin, A, Piau, JM. Thixotropic behavior of clay dispersions: Combinations of scattering and rheometric techniques. Journal of Rheology. 1998;42(6):1349–1373.Google Scholar
Philippe, AM, Baravian, C, Imperor-Clerc, M, Silva, JD, Paineau, E, Bihannic, I, et al. Rheo-SAXS investigation of shear-thinning behaviour of very anisometric repulsive disc-like clay suspensions. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 2011;23(19):194112.Google Scholar
Eberle, APR, Martys, N, Porcar, L, Kline, SR, George, WL, Kim, JM, et al. Shear viscosity and structural scalings in model adhesive hard-sphere gels. Physical Review E. 2014;89(5):050302(R).Google Scholar
Eberle, APR, Wagner, NJ, Akgun, B, Satija, SK. Temperature-dependent nanostructure of an end-tethered octadecane brush in tetradecane and nanoparticle phase behavior. Langmuir. 2010;26(5):3003–3007.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caputo, FE, Ugaz, VM, Burghardt, WR, Berret, J-F. Transient 1–2 plane small-angle x-ray scattering measurements of micellar orientation in aligning and tumbling nematic surfactant solutions. Journal of Rheology. 2002;46(4):927–946.Google Scholar
Sommer, MM. Mechanical Production of Nanoparticles in Stirred Media Mills [PhD]. Goettingen: Technical University of Erlangen-Nuernberg; 2007.Google Scholar
Hipp, JB, Richards, JJ, Wagner, NJ. Structure-property relationships of sheared carbon black suspensions determined by simultaneous rheological and neutron scattering measurements. Journal of Rheology. 2019;63(3):423–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurnon, AK, Wagner, NJ. Microstructure and rheology relationships for shear thickening colloidal dispersions. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 2015;769:242–276.Google Scholar
Gurnon, AK, Godfrin, PD, Wagner, NJ, Eberle, APR, Butler, P, Porcar, L. Measuring material microstructure under flow using 1–2 plane flow-small angle neutron scattering. Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments. 2014(84):e51068.Google Scholar
Liberatore, MW, Nettesheim, F, Wagner, NJ, Porcar, L. Spatially resolved small-angle neutron scattering in the 1–2 plane: A study of shear-induced phase-separating wormlike micelles. Physical Review E. 2006;73(2):020504.Google Scholar
Kalman, D. Microstructure and Rheology of Concentrated Suspensions of Near Hard-Sphere Colloids. Newark: University of Delaware; 2010.Google Scholar
Foss, DR, Brady, JF. Structure, diffusion and rheology of Brownian suspensions by Stokesian dynamics simulation. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 2000;407:167–200.Google Scholar
Bergenholtz, J, Brady, JF, Vicic, M. The non-Newtonian rheology of dilute colloidal suspensions. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 2002;456:239–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, NJ, Ackerson, BJ. Analysis of nonequilibrium structures of shearing colloidal suspensions. Journal of Chemical Physics. 1992;97(2):1473–1483.Google Scholar
McMullan, JM, Wagner, NJ. Directed self-assembly of suspensions by large amplitude oscillatory shear flow. Journal of Rheology. 2009;53(3):575–588.Google Scholar
López-Barrón, CR, Porcar, L, Eberle, APR, Wagner, NJ. Dynamics of melting and recrystallization in a polymeric micellar crystal subjected to large amplitude oscillatory shear flow. Physical Review Letters. 2012;108(25):258301.Google Scholar
López-Barrón, CR, Wagner, NJ, Porcar, L. Layering, melting, and recrystallization of a close-packed micellar crystal under steady and large-amplitude oscillatory shear flows. Journal of Rheology. 2015;59(3):793–820.Google Scholar
Maranzano, BJ, Wagner, NJ. Flow-small angle neutron scattering measurements of colloidal dispersion microstructure evolution through the shear thickening transition. Journal of Chemical Physics. 2002;117(22):10291–10302.Google Scholar
D’Haene, P, Mewis, J, Fuller, GG. Scattering dichroism measurements of flow-induced structure of a shear thickening suspension. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 1993;156(2):350–358.Google Scholar
Wagner, NJ, Fuller, GG, Russel, WB. The dichroism and birefringence of a hard‐sphere suspension under shear. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1988;89(3):1580–1587.Google Scholar
Bender, JW, Wagner, NJ. Optical measurement of the contributions of colloidal forces to the rheology of concentrated suspensions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 1995;172(1):171–184.Google Scholar
Cwalina, CD, Wagner, NJ. Material properties of the shear-thickened state in concentrated near hard-sphere colloidal dispersions. Journal of Rheology. 2014;58(4):949–967.Google Scholar
Lee, Y-F, Luo, Y, Brown, SC, Wagner, NJ. Experimental test of a frictional contact model for shear thickening in concentrated colloidal dispersions. Journal of Rheology. 2020;64(2):267–282.Google Scholar
Morris, JF. A review of microstructure in concentrated suspensions and its implications for rheology and bulk flow. Rheologica Acta. 2009;48(8):909–923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, JF. Shear thickening of concentrated suspensions: Recent developments and relation to other phenomena. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. 2020;52(1):121–144.Google Scholar
Seto, R, Giusteri, GG, Martiniello, A. Microstructure and thickening of dense suspensions under extensional and shear flows. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 2017;825:R3.Google Scholar
Jogun, SM, Zukoski, CF. Rheology and microstructure of dense suspensions of plate-shaped colloidal particles. Journal of Rheology. 1999;43(4):847–871.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pignon, F, Magnin, A, Piau, JM, Cabane, B, Lindner, P, Diat, O. A yield stress thixotropic clay suspension: Investigation of structure by light, neutron, and X-ray scattering. Physical Review E. 1997;56(3):3281–3289.Google Scholar
Prasad, V, Semwogerere, D, Weeks, ER. Confocal microscopy of colloids. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 2007;19(11):113102.Google Scholar
Furst, EM, Squires, TM. Microrheology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2017. 451 p.Google Scholar
Dullens, RPA, Aarts, D, Kegel, WK. Direct measurement of the free energy by optical microscopy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2006;103(3):529-31.Google Scholar
Cheng, X, McCoy, JH, Israelachvili, JN, Cohen, I. Imaging the microscopic structure of shear thinning and thickening colloidal suspensions. Science. 2011;333(6047):1276–1279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brady, JF, Bossis, G. Stokesian dynamics. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. 1988;20:111–157.Google Scholar
Silbert, LE, Farr, RS, Melrose, JR, Ball, RC. Stress distributions in flowing aggregated colloidal suspensions. Journal of Chemical Physics. 1999;111(10):4780–4789.Google Scholar
Kalman, DP, Wagner, NJ. Microstructure of shear-thickening concentrated suspensions determined by flow-USANS. Rheologica Acta. 2009;48(8):897–908.Google Scholar
Pandey, R, Spannuth, M, Conrad, JC. Confocal imaging of confined quiescent and flowing colloid-polymer mixtures. Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments. 2014;(87):e51461.Google Scholar
Gao, C, Kulkarni, SD, Morris, JF, Gilchrist, JF. Direct investigation of anisotropic suspension structure in pressure-driven flow. Physical Review E. 2010;81(4):041403.Google Scholar
Richards, JJ, Gagnon, CVL, Krzywon, JR, Wagner, NJ, Butler, PD. Dielectric rheoSANS – simultaneous interrogation of impedance, rheology and small angle neutron scattering of complex fluids. Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments. 2017;(122):e55318.Google Scholar
Genz, U, Helsen, JA, Mewis, J. Dielectric spectroscopy of reversibly flocculated dispersions during flow. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 1994;165(1):212–220.Google Scholar
Laun, HM, Bung, R, Hess, S, Loose, W, Hess, O, Hahn, K, et al. Rheological and small-angle neutron-scattering investigation of shear-induced particle structures of concentrated polymer dispersions submitted to plane Poiseuille and Couette-flow. Journal of Rheology. 1992;36(4):743.Google Scholar
Bharati, A, Hudson, SD, Weigandt, KM. Poiseuille and extensional flow small-angle scattering for developing structure–rheology relationships in soft matter systems. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science. 2019;42:137–146.Google Scholar
Corona, PT, Ruocco, N, Weigandt, KM, Leal, LG, Helgeson, ME. Probing flow-induced nanostructure of complex fluids in arbitrary 2D flows using a fluidic four-roll mill (FFoRM). Scientific Reports. 2018;8(1):15559.Google Scholar
Dutta, SK, Mbi, A, Arevalo, RC, Blair, DL. Development of a confocal rheometer for soft and biological materials. Review of Scientific Instruments. 2013;84(6):063702.Google Scholar
Wang, X, Yi, H, Gdor, I, Hereld, M, Scherer, NF. Nanoscale resolution 3D snapshot particle tracking by multifocal microscopy. Nano Letters. 2019;19(10):6781–6787.Google Scholar
Porcar, L, Pozzo, D, Langenbucher, G, Moyer, J, Butler, PD. Rheo–small-angle neutron scattering at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research. Review of Scientific Instruments. 2011;82(8):083902.Google Scholar
Richards, JJ, Wagner, NJ, Butler, PD. A strain-controlled RheoSANS instrument for the measurement of the microstructural, electrical, and mechanical properties of soft materials. Review of Scientific Instruments. 2017;88(10):105115.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×