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from Observations of Supernovae and the Cosmic Distance Scale
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010
Extragalactic supernova rates are reviewed. The main uncertainties in calculated rates are due to (1) the influence of the (still poorly known) luminosity function of supernova of a given type on “control times”, to (2) uncertain corrections for possible inclination – dependent bias in supernova discovery probabilities, and (3) interstellar absorption. The total supernova rate in late-type galaxies is found to be ∼ 2(Ho/75)2 supernovae (SNe) per century per 1010 LB(⊙). This is consistent with the rate of 3 SNe per century that is derived from the historical data on Galactic supernovae. It is, however, a source of some concern that none of the three Galactic SNe expected to have occurred during the last century was actually observed!
The expansion velocities of SNe Ia are found to correlate strongly with parent galaxy Hubble type. This relation is in the sense that low expansion velocities are only observed for those SNe Ia that occur in early-type galaxies. This suggests that V(exp) correlates with the ages of SNe Ia progenitors. It is speculated that the progenitors of a few SNe Ia with high V(exp) values in E and S0 galaxies were formed during recent starbursts.
SNe Ia rates appear to be enhanced in post-starburst galaxies. It is suggested that supernova rates might be quite high in the recently discovered population of faint blue galaxies at intermediate redshifts.
Extragalactic Supernova Rates
The first estimate of extragalactic supernova rates was made by Zwicky (1938), who introduced the idea that “control time” was a critical factor needed to determine the supernova frequency.
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