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20 - Liquid and liquid–gas spouting of solids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2011

By
Željko B. Grbavčić ,
Howard Littman  and
Morris H. Morgan III
Edited by
Norman Epstein  and
John R. Grace
Norman Epstein
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia, Vancouver
John R. Grace
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia, Vancouver
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Summary

The spouted bed technique permits agitation of particles too coarse for fluidizing with a gas when excellent heat and mass transfer characteristics and intimate fluid–particle contacting are important. Liquid spouting has attracted much less interest, as coarse particles can be easily fluidized in this medium. However, recent advances in biotechnology and renewed interest in wastewater treatment have sparked new applications of liquid-spouted beds, particularly those incorporating a gas phase.

Liquid spouting

As discussed elsewhere in this book, a spouted bed can form when a fluid jet blows vertically upward along the center line of a vertical column, forming a spout in which fast-moving fluid and entrained particle mixing occur, surrounded by an annular region densely packed with particles moving slowly downward and inward. The spout is topped by a spillover fountain. Fluid percolates through the annulus from the spout. In a spout-fluid bed (see Chapter 6), additional fluid is introduced at the bottom of the annulus. Several fluid–particle patterns are possible, depending on the magnitude of the external annular fluid introduced to the annulus bottom:

  1. (1) Spouting with irrigation: beds in which the external annular fluid velocity, Ua0, is restricted to a velocity that keeps the annular velocity UaH ≤ Umf.

  2. (2) Spout-fluidization: beds in which the annulus is partly or completely fluidized; the level at which fluid velocity reaches Umf depends on the external annular flowrate. If Ua0 = Umf, the annulus is completely fluidized.

  3. (3) Jet-fluidized beds: beds in which the bed depth is deeper than the maximum spoutable bed height. When the fluid is a liquid, such beds exhibit two zones: a lower spouted bed region and an upper fluidized bed zone.

Type
Chapter
Information
Spouted and Spout-Fluid Beds
Fundamentals and Applications
 , pp. 321 - 336
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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