Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- List of Contributors
- The Social Life of Emotions
- Introduction: A World of Emotion
- PART I THE INTERPERSONAL CONTEXT
- PART II THE INTRAGROUP CONTEXT
- PART III THE INTERGROUP CONTEXT
- 11 Intergroup Emotions
- 12 Intergroup Contact and the Central Role of Affect in Intergroup Prejudice
- 13 Judgments of Deserving and the Emotional Consequences of Stigmatization
- 14 Group-based Emotions and Intergroup Behavior
- 15 Interpreting the Ingroup's Negative Actions Toward Another Group
- 16 Intergroup Schadenfreude
- Index
- References
11 - Intergroup Emotions
Emotion as an Intergroup Phenomenon
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 April 2011
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- List of Contributors
- The Social Life of Emotions
- Introduction: A World of Emotion
- PART I THE INTERPERSONAL CONTEXT
- PART II THE INTRAGROUP CONTEXT
- PART III THE INTERGROUP CONTEXT
- 11 Intergroup Emotions
- 12 Intergroup Contact and the Central Role of Affect in Intergroup Prejudice
- 13 Judgments of Deserving and the Emotional Consequences of Stigmatization
- 14 Group-based Emotions and Intergroup Behavior
- 15 Interpreting the Ingroup's Negative Actions Toward Another Group
- 16 Intergroup Schadenfreude
- Index
- References
Summary
That emotions arise in intergroup contexts is of course uncontroversial. We are thrilled when our national team wins the World Cup against stiff competition, angry when protesters in another country burn our flag, excited as the party we voted for wins the election, and disgusted when local college students brawl drunkenly with a neighboring school. Despite the obvious impetus that intergroup behavior is to emotions, the idea that emotions may actually be intergroup phenomena is not so much controversial as it is, at least in social psychology, unconsidered. Emotion is typically assumed to be an individual phenomenon, triggered when an individual interprets events as either favoring or harming his or her personal goals or desires in the context of whether he or she has the personal resources to cope or not. Yet such approaches do not seem to fully capture the kinds of emotions evoked by our examples. Unless we are a member of the national team, caught by mistake in the demonstration, up for election, or one of those actually involved in the brawl, none of these events may impact us directly or personally. Yet because these events touch those we are close to, those we identity with, those we feel part of or one with, we, too, experience emotion.
Our attempts to explain such emotional experiences have led us to consider emotion as an intergroup phenomenon.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Social Life of Emotions , pp. 227 - 245Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2004
References
, , & (1999). Images and affect: A functional analysis of out-group stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 78–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison Wesley
Batson, C. D. (1987). Self-report ratings of empathic emotion. In N. Eisenberg & J. Strayer (Eds.), Empathy and its development. Cambridge studies in social and emotional development (pp. 356–360). New York: Cambridge University Press
, , , , , , & (1999). Two threats to the common good: Self-interested egoism and empathy and empathy-induced altruism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 3–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , & (1995). Immorality from empathy-induced altruism: When compassion and justice conflict. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 1042–1054CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Branscombe, N., Doosje, B., & McGarty, C. (2002). Antecedents and consequences of collective guilt. In Mackie, D. M. & Smith, E. R. (Eds.), From prejudice to intergroup emotions: Differentiated reactions to social groups (pp. 49–66). New York: Psychology Press
Brewer, M. B., & Alexander, M. G. (2002). Intergroup emotions and images. In D. M. Mackie & E. R. Smith (Eds.), From prejudice to intergroup emotions: Differentiated reactions to social groups (pp. 209–226). New York: Psychology Press
Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. (1998). Intergroup relations. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th Edition, Vol. 2; pp. 554–594). New York: McGraw-Hill
, & (1986). Choice behavior in social dilemmas: Effects of social identity, group size, and decision framing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50 (3), 543–549CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, R. J., & Gaertner, S. L. (2001). The Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Intergroup processes. Malden, MA: Blackwell Press
, , , , , & (1976). Basking in reflected glory: Three football field studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 366–375CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , & (1998). Guilty by association: When one's group has a negative history. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 872–886CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dovidio, J. F., Brigham, J. C., Johnson, B. T., & Gaertner, S. L. (1996). Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination: Another look. In N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Stereotypes and stereotyping (pp. 276–319). New York: Guilford
, , & (2002). Implicit and explicit prejudice and interracial interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 62–68CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2000). Emotion, regulation, and moral development. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 665–697CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1998). Prosocial development. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & N. Eisenberg (Volume Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (5th Edition; pp. 701–778). New York: Wiley
Fiske, S. T. (1998). Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (4th Edition, Vol. 2; pp. 357–411). New York: McGraw-Hill
, , & (2001). Emotional consequences of categorizing victims of negative outgroup behavior as ingroup or outgroup. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 4 (4), 317–326CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, & (1995). Beyond the enemy image and spiral model: Cognitive-strategic research after the cold war. International Organization, 49, 415–450CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogg, M. A., & Abrams, D. (1988). Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes. London: Routledge
Kemper, T. D. (1990). Social relations and emotions: A structural approach. In T. D. Kemper (Ed.), Research agendas in the sociology of emotions (pp. 207–237). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press
Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. London: Oxford University Press
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer-Verlag
, , & (2000). Intergroup emotions: Explaining offensive action tendencies in an intergroup context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 602–616CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, & (1998). Intergroup relations: Insights from a theoretically integrative approach. Psychological Review, 105, 499–529CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, & (1988). The relation of empathy to aggression and externalizing/antisocial behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 324–344CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1997). Generalized intergroup contact effects on prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 173–185CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , & (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 741–763CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sedikides, C., & Brewer, M. B. (Eds.). (2001). Individual self, relational self, collective self. Philadelphia: Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis
Sedikides, C., Schopler, J., & Insko, C. A. (Eds.). (1998). Intergroup cognition and intergroup behavior. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
Silver, M. D. (2001). The multidimensional nature of ingroup identification: Correlational and experimental evidence. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University
Silver, M. D. (2002). On the multidimensional nature of ingroup identification. Unpublished data
Smith, E. R. (1993). Social identity and social emotions: Toward new conceptualizations of prejudice. In D. M. Mackie & D. L. Hamilton (Eds.), Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception (pp. 297–315). San Diego: Academic PressCrossRef
Smith, E. R. (1999). Affective and cognitive implications of group membership becoming part of the self: New models of prejudice and of the self-concept. In D. Abrams & M. Hogg (Eds.), Social identity and social cognition (pp. 183–196). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers
, & (1996). An in-group becomes part of the self: Response time evidence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 635–642CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, E. R., & Ho, C. (2002). Prejudice as intergroup emotion: Integrating relative deprivation and social comparison explanations of prejudice. In I. Walker & H. Smith (Eds.), Relative deprivation: Specification, development, and integration. Boulder: Westview Press
Smith, E. R., Miller, D. A., & Mackie, D. M. (2002). Effects of intergroup contact and political predispositions on prejudice: Role of intergroup emotions. Unpublished manuscript, Purdue University
Smith, H. J., & Kessler, T. (this volume). Group-based emotions and intergroup behavior: The case of relative deprivation
Smith-Lovin, L. (1990). Emotion as the confirmation and disconfirmation of identity: An affect control model. In T. D. Kemper (Ed.), Research agendas in the sociology of emotions (pp. 238–270). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press
Spears, R. & Leach, C. W. (this volume). Intergroup Schadenfreude: Conditions and Consequences
Tajfel, H. (1982). Social identity and intergroup relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
, & (1972). Race and relative deprivation in the urban United States. Race, 13 (4), 461–486CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , & (1997). The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 73–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 71
- Cited by