Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T18:23:48.038Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 8 - Psychopharmacology of Chronic Aggression and Violence in Forensic Settings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 June 2024

Mary Davoren
Affiliation:
Broadmoor Hospital and West London NHS Trust
Harry G. Kennedy
Affiliation:
Trinity College Dublin
Get access

Summary

The goal of this chapter is to show the reader a systematic approach to the assessment and treatment of aggression and violence arising from psychosis and a review of evidence-based pharmacological interventions for aggression and violence arising from impulsivity in the context of traumatic brain injury or neurocognitive disorder. In turn, we consider an algorithmic approach to the assessment and treatment of psychotically driven aggression and violence, the approach to treatment-resistance in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, data-supported treatment of aggression and violence related to traumatic brain injury, and, finally, data-supported pharmacological treatment of aggression and violence in the context of major neurocognitive disorder.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Swanson, JW, Holzer, CE, Ganju, VK et al. Violence and psychiatric disorder in the community: evidence from the epidemiologic catchment area surveys [erratum appears in Hospital & Community Psychiatry 1991; 42 (9): 954–5]. Hospital & Community Psychiatry 1990; 41: 761–70.Google Scholar
Stevens, H, Agerbo, E, Dean, K et al. Offending prior to first psychiatric contact: a population-based register study. Psychological Medicine 2012; 42: 2673–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fazel, S, Wolf, A, Palm, C et al. Violent crime, suicide, and premature mortality in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders: a 38-year total population study in Sweden. Lancet Psychiatry 2014; 1: 4454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stahl, SM, Morrissette, DA, Cummings, M et al. California State Hospital Violence Assessment and Treatment (Cal-VAT) guidelines. CNS Spectrums 2014; 19: 449–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meyer, JM, Cummings, MA, Proctor, G et al. Psychopharmacology of persistent violence and aggression. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2016; 39: 541–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quanbeck, CD, McDermott, BE, Lam, J et al. Categorization of aggressive acts committed by chronically assaultive state hospital patients. Psychiatric Services 2007; 58: 521–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kennedy, HG. Therapeutic uses of security: mapping forensic mental health services by stratifying risk. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2002; 8: 433–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonta, J, Andrews, DA. Risk-Need-Responsivity Model for Offender Assessment and Rehabilitation. Ottawa, Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2007.Google Scholar
Kaneko, K. Negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia: two key symptoms negatively influencing social functioning. Yonago Acta Medica 2018; 61: 91102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dack, C, Ross, J, Papadopoulos, C et al. A review and meta-analysis of the patient factors associated with psychiatric in-patient aggression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2013; 127: 255–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merritt, K, McGuire, P, Egerton, A. Relationship between glutamate dysfunction and symptoms and cognitive function in psychosis. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2013; 4: 151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howes, OD, McCutcheon, R, Agid, O et al. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis (TRRIP) working group consensus guidelines on diagnosis and terminology. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2017; 174: 216–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galling, B, Roldan, A, Hagi, K et al. Antipsychotic augmentation vs. monotherapy in schizophrenia: systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. World Psychiatry 2017; 16: 7789.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nucifora, FC Jr, Woznica, E, Lee, BJ et al. Treatment resistant schizophrenia: clinical, biological, and therapeutic perspectives. Neurobiology of Disease 2019; 131: 104257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kane, J, Honigfeld, G, Singer, J et al. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic: a double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Archives of General Psychiatry 1988; 45: 789–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stroup, TS, Gerhard, T, Crystal, S et al. Comparative effectiveness of clozapine and standard antipsychotic treatment in adults with schizophrenia. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2016; 173: 166–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yoshimura, B, Yada, Y, So, R et al. The critical treatment window of clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: secondary analysis of an observational study. Psychiatry Research 2017; 250: 6570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krakowski, MI, Czobor, P, Citrome, L et al. Atypical antipsychotic agents in the treatment of violent patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 2006; 63: 622–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, D, Larkin, F, Sengupta, S et al. Clozapine: an effective treatment for seriously violent and psychopathic men with antisocial personality disorder in a UK high-security hospital. CNS Spectrums 2014; 19: 391402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siever, LJ. Neurobiology of aggression and violence. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2008; 165: 429–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenbloom, MH, Schmahmann, JD, Price, BH. The functional neuroanatomy of decision-making. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2012; 24: 266–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nash, RP, Weinberg, MS, Laughon, SL et al. Acute pharmacological management of behavioral and emotional dysregulation following a traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of the literature. Psychosomatics 2019; 60: 139–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hicks, AJ, Clay, FJ, Hopwood, M et al. The efficacy and harms of pharmacological interventions for aggression after traumatic brain injury-systematic review. Frontiers in Neurology 2019; 10: 1169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tangamornsuksan, W, Chaiyakunapruk, N, Somkrua, R et al. Relationship between the HLA-B*1502 allele and carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatology 2013; 149: 1025–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, FM, Bickett, AK, Norton, JH et al. Effectiveness of amantadine hydrochloride in the reduction of chronic traumatic brain injury irritability and aggression. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2014; 29: 391–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sami, MB, Faruqui, R. The effectiveness of dopamine agonists for treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms post brain injury and stroke. Acta Neuropsychiatrica 2015; 27: 317–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hammond, FM, Malec, JF, Zafonte, RD et al. Potential impact of amantadine on aggression in chronic traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2017; 32: 308–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hammond, FM, Sherer, M, Malec, JF et al. Amantadine effect on perceptions of irritability after traumatic brain injury: results of the amantadine irritability multisite study. Journal of Neurotrauma 2015; 32: 1230–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cummings, J, Lai, TJ, Hemrungrojn, S et al. Role of donepezil in the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 2016; 22: 159–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gareri, P, Putignano, D, Castagna, A et al. Retrospective study on the benefits of combined memantine and cholinesterase inhibitor treatment in aged patients affected with Alzheimer’s disease: the MEMAGE study. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 2014; 41: 633–40.Google ScholarPubMed
Seitz, DP, Adunuri, N, Gill, SS et al. Antidepressants for agitation and psychosis in dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; CD008191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maust, DT, Kim, HM, Seyfried, LS et al. Antipsychotics, other psychotropics, and the risk of death in patients with dementia: number needed to harm. JAMA Psychiatry 2015; 72: 438–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deardorff, WJ, Grossberg, GT. Behavioral and psychological symptoms in Alzheimer’s dementia and vascular dementia. Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2019; 165: 532.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reus, VI, Fochtmann, LJ, Eyler, AE et al. The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline on the use of antipsychotics to treat agitation or psychosis in patients with dementia. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2016; 173: 543–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Devanand, DP, Mintzer, J, Schultz, S et al. The antipsychotic discontinuation in Alzheimer disease trial: clinical rationale and study design. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2012; 20: 362–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallagher, D, Herrmann, N. Antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of agitation and aggression in dementia: do they have a place in therapy? Drugs 2014; 74: 1747–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suzuki, H, Gen, K. Clinical efficacy of lamotrigine and changes in the dosages of concomitantly used psychotropic drugs in Alzheimer’s disease with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: a preliminary open-label trial. Psychogeriatrics 2015; 15: 32–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tampi, RR, Tampi, DJ. Efficacy and tolerability of benzodiazepines for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias 2014; 29: 565–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ogloff, JR, Daffern, M. The dynamic appraisal of situational aggression: an instrument to assess risk for imminent aggression in psychiatric inpatients. Behavioral Sciences & the Law 2006; 24: 799813.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hankin, CS, Bronstone, A, Koran, LM. Agitation in the inpatient psychiatric setting: a review of clinical presentation, burden, and treatment. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 2011; 17: 170–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaaler, AE, Iversen, VC, Morken, G et al. Short-term prediction of threatening and violent behaviour in an Acute Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit based on patient and environment characteristics. BMC Psychiatry 2011; 11: 44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volavka, J, Citrome, L. Pathways to aggression in schizophrenia affect results of treatment. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2011; 37: 921–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joshi, A, Krishnamurthy, VB, Purichia, H et al. ‘What’s in a name?’ Delirium by any other name would be as deadly: a review of the nature of delirium consultations. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 2012; 18: 413–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruberg, SJ, Chen, L, Stauffer, V et al. Identification of early changes in specific symptoms that predict longer-term response to atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2011; 11: 23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lopez, LV, Kane, JM. Plasma levels of second-generation antipsychotics and clinical response in acute psychosis: a review of the literature. Schizophrenia Research 2013; 147: 368–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siskind, D, Siskind, V, Kisely, S. Clozapine response rates among people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: data from a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2017; 62: 772–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lally, J, Tully, J, Robertson, D et al. Augmentation of clozapine with electroconvulsive therapy in treatment resistant schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research 2016; 171: 215–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stein-Parbury, J, Reid, K, Smith, N et al. Use of pro re nata medications in acute inpatient care. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2008; 42: 283–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plantier, D, Luaute, J. Drugs for behavior disorders after traumatic brain injury: systematic review and expert consensus leading to French recommendations for good practice. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 2016; 59: 4257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keszycki, RM, Fisher, DW, Dong, H. The hyperactivity-impulsivity-irritiability-disinhibition-aggression-agitation domain in Alzheimer’s disease: current management and future directions. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2019; 10: 1109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×