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11 - Seasonality of primate births in relation to climate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2009

By
Charles Janson  and
Jennifer Verdolin
Edited by
Diane K. Brockman  and
Carel P. van Schaik
Charles Janson
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Evolution State University of New York, Stony Brook NY 11794–5245 USA
Jennifer Verdolin
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Evolution State University of New York, Stony Brook NY 11794–5245 USA
Diane K. Brockman
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Charlotte
Carel P. van Schaik
Affiliation:
Universität Zürich
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Summary

Introduction

It is well established that most primate populations show at least some seasonality in the frequency of births (Lancaster & Lee 1965; Lindburg 1987; Di Bitetti & Janson 2000). There are two major questions concerning this seasonality: (i) what determines the narrowness of the peak (if there is one)?, and (ii) what determines when the peak occurs? Because these two questions deal with distinct kinds of hypotheses and data analyses, we will treat them separately. In this chapter, we attempt to cover the background, current hypotheses, and observed patterns for each topic by analyzing quantitative birth data on 70 wild populations of primates; there are many more data sets on captive primates, but we do not deal with those here. To streamline the presentation, the details of how we acquired the data set and performed statistical analyses are given in Appendix 11.1. We conclude with a brief summary of the results and implications for primate responses to seasonal variation in general.

Before discussing adaptive hypotheses for birth seasonality, it is important to distinguish seasonality from synchrony. The patterns and causes of these two phenomena are distinct. High seasonality in births necessarily will produce a high level of synchrony, but the reverse is not true. Births can be synchronized within a group but less synchronized between groups. Factors that favor or cause within-group synchrony of births, such as predation on infants (Boinski 1987) and infanticide (Butynski 1982), may show little seasonality and thus may not select for high population-wide seasonality of births (Di Bitetti & Janson 2000).

Type
Chapter
Information
Seasonality in Primates
Studies of Living and Extinct Human and Non-Human Primates
 , pp. 307 - 350
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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