Book contents
- Roma Rights and Civil Rights
- Roma Rights and Civil Rights
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- 1 Historical Comparisons: From Slavery to World War II
- 2 Historical Comparisons: From the Cold War to Eastern Enlargement
- 3 Resistance and the Nation
- 4 Minority Protections and Conditionality
- 5 Minority Protections and Internal Governance
- 6 Filmic Representations
- Conclusion
- Select Bibliography
- Index
- References
Select Bibliography
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 May 2020
Book contents
- Roma Rights and Civil Rights
- Roma Rights and Civil Rights
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- 1 Historical Comparisons: From Slavery to World War II
- 2 Historical Comparisons: From the Cold War to Eastern Enlargement
- 3 Resistance and the Nation
- 4 Minority Protections and Conditionality
- 5 Minority Protections and Internal Governance
- 6 Filmic Representations
- Conclusion
- Select Bibliography
- Index
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Roma Rights and Civil RightsA Transatlantic Comparison, pp. 174 - 196Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2020
References
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Bartlett, William et al., European Parl., Evaluation of the EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies (2015).Google Scholar
Chopin, Isabelle et al., European Comm’n, Roma and the Enforcement of Anti-Discrimination Law (2017).Google Scholar
Council of the European Union, Council Recommendation of 9 December 2013 on Effective Roma Integration Measures in the Member States, 2013 O.J. (C 378) 1.Google Scholar
European Comm’n, 35 Years of Eurobarometer: European Integration as Seen by the Public Opinion in the Member States of the European Union 1973–2008 (2008).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Answer Given by Ms. Jourová on Behalf of the Commission to the European Parliament, June 19, 2015Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Answer Given by Ms. Jourová on Behalf of the Commission to the European Parliament (Nov. 24, 2016), http://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8–2016-007070-ASW_EN.pdf.Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Effective Roma Integration Measures in the Member States, Communication from the Comm’n to the European Parl., the Council, the European Econ. and Soc. Comm. and the Comm. of the Regions (2016).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, An EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies up to 2020, COM (2011) 173 final (Apr. 5, 2011).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Midterm Review of the EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies, Communication from the Comm’n to the European Parl. and the Council (2017).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, National Roma Integration Strategies: A First Step in the Implementation of the EU Framework, Communication to the European Parl., the Council, the European Econ. and Soc. Comm. and the Comm. of the Regions (2012).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Regular Report from the Commission on Bulgaria’s Progress Towards Accession (2003).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Regular Report from the Commission on Czech Republic’s Progress Towards Accession (1999).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Regular Report from the Commission on Slovakia’s Progress toward Accession ( 1998 ).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Regular Report from the Commission on Slovakia’s Progress toward Accession (1999).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Report on the Implementation of the EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies (2014).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Special Eurobarometer 393: Discrimination in the EU in 2012 (2012), http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/archives/ebs/ebs_393_en.pdf.Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Special Eurobarometer 437: Discrimination in the EU in 2015 (2015), https://data.europa.eu/euodp/en/data/dataset/S2077_83_4_437_ENG.Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Special Eurobarometer: Discrimination in the European Union (2006), http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/archives/ebs/ebs_263_en.pdf.Google Scholar
European Platform for Roma Inclusion, Joint Position of the Roma Civil Society on the 10th Annual EU Roma Platform Meeting, 10th Meeting of the European Platform for Roma Inclusion (2016).Google Scholar
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, Introducing FRA: The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights, European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (May 2014), https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2014/introducing-fra-eu-agency-fundamental-rights.Google Scholar
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, The Racial Equality Directive: Application and Challenges (2012).Google Scholar
Farkas, Lilla, European Comm’n, Report on Discrimination of Roma Children in Education (2014).Google Scholar
Presidency Conclusions, Copenhagen European Council (June 21–22, 1993).Google Scholar
Bartlett, William et al., European Parl., Evaluation of the EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies (2015).Google Scholar
Chopin, Isabelle et al., European Comm’n, Roma and the Enforcement of Anti-Discrimination Law (2017).Google Scholar
Council of the European Union, Council Recommendation of 9 December 2013 on Effective Roma Integration Measures in the Member States, 2013 O.J. (C 378) 1.Google Scholar
European Comm’n, 35 Years of Eurobarometer: European Integration as Seen by the Public Opinion in the Member States of the European Union 1973–2008 (2008).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Answer Given by Ms. Jourová on Behalf of the Commission to the European Parliament, June 19, 2015Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Answer Given by Ms. Jourová on Behalf of the Commission to the European Parliament (Nov. 24, 2016), http://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8–2016-007070-ASW_EN.pdf.Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Effective Roma Integration Measures in the Member States, Communication from the Comm’n to the European Parl., the Council, the European Econ. and Soc. Comm. and the Comm. of the Regions (2016).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, An EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies up to 2020, COM (2011) 173 final (Apr. 5, 2011).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Midterm Review of the EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies, Communication from the Comm’n to the European Parl. and the Council (2017).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, National Roma Integration Strategies: A First Step in the Implementation of the EU Framework, Communication to the European Parl., the Council, the European Econ. and Soc. Comm. and the Comm. of the Regions (2012).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Regular Report from the Commission on Bulgaria’s Progress Towards Accession (2003).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Regular Report from the Commission on Czech Republic’s Progress Towards Accession (1999).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Regular Report from the Commission on Slovakia’s Progress toward Accession ( 1998 ).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Regular Report from the Commission on Slovakia’s Progress toward Accession (1999).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Report on the Implementation of the EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies (2014).Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Special Eurobarometer 393: Discrimination in the EU in 2012 (2012), http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/archives/ebs/ebs_393_en.pdf.Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Special Eurobarometer 437: Discrimination in the EU in 2015 (2015), https://data.europa.eu/euodp/en/data/dataset/S2077_83_4_437_ENG.Google Scholar
European Comm’n, Special Eurobarometer: Discrimination in the European Union (2006), http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/archives/ebs/ebs_263_en.pdf.Google Scholar
European Platform for Roma Inclusion, Joint Position of the Roma Civil Society on the 10th Annual EU Roma Platform Meeting, 10th Meeting of the European Platform for Roma Inclusion (2016).Google Scholar
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, Introducing FRA: The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights, European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (May 2014), https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2014/introducing-fra-eu-agency-fundamental-rights.Google Scholar
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, The Racial Equality Directive: Application and Challenges (2012).Google Scholar
Farkas, Lilla, European Comm’n, Report on Discrimination of Roma Children in Education (2014).Google Scholar
Presidency Conclusions, Copenhagen European Council (June 21–22, 1993).Google Scholar
Achim, Viorel, The Roma in Romanian History (Richard Davies trans., 2004) (1998), originally published as Ţiganii în istoria Românieri.Google Scholar
Acton, Thomas & Klímová, Ilona, The International Romani Union: An East European Answer to West European Questions?, in Between Past and Future: The Roma of Central and Eastern Europe 157 (Guy, Will ed., 2001).Google Scholar
Ahmed, Tawhida, The Treaty of Lisbon and Beyond: The Evolution of EU Minority Protection?, 38 Eur. L. Rev. 30 (2013).Google Scholar
Albert, Gwendolyn, Education Policies in the Czech Republic, in Ten Years After: A History of Roma School Desegregation in Central and Eastern Europe 179 (Rostas, Iulius ed., 2012).Google Scholar
Amar, Akhil Reed, The Case of the Missing Amendments: R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul, 106 Harv. L. Rev. 124 (1992).Google Scholar
Amnesty Int’l, Czech Republic’s Discriminatory Treatment of Roma Breaches EU Race Directive (2013).Google Scholar
Amnesty Int’l, End Injustice: Elementary Schools Still Fail Romani Children in the Czech Republic (2010).Google Scholar
Amnesty Int’l, EU Action Against Czech Republic for Discrimination in Schools Is a Victory for Rights, Justice, and Roma (Sept. 25, 2014), https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2014/09/eu-action-against-czech-republic-discrimination-schools-victory-rights-justice-and-roma/ [https://perma.cc/26Z7-8P5P].Google Scholar
Amnesty Int’l, “We Ask for Justice”: Europe’s Failure to Protect Roma from Racist Violence, Amnesty Int’l (Apr. 8, 2014), https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur01/007/2014/en.Google Scholar
Amnesty Int’l & European Roma Rights Centre, A Lesson in Discrimination: Segregation of Romani Children in Primary Education in Slovakia (2017).Google Scholar
Andersen, Stine, The Enforcement of EU Law: The Role of the European Commission (2012).Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (1983).Google Scholar
Anderson, Karen S., Massive Resistance, Violence, and Southern Social Relations: The Little Rock, Arkansas, School Segregation Crisis, 1954–1960, in Massive Resistance: Southern Oppression to the Second Reconstruction 203 (Webb, Clive ed., 2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreev, Alexander, Right-Wing Populist Appointed Integration Minister in Bulgaria, Deutsche Welle (June 1, 2017), http://www.dw.com/en/right-wing-populist-appointed-integration-minister-in-bulgaria/a–39086764.Google Scholar
Ansley, Frances L., Stirring the Ashes: Race, Class and the Future of Civil Rights Scholarship, 74 Cornell L. Rev. 993 (1989).Google Scholar
Anthias, Floya & Yuval-Davis, Nira, Racialized Boundaries: Race, Nation, Gender, Colour, and Class and the Anti-Racist Struggle (2005).Google Scholar
Attriti, Pardeep Singh, Digital Roma – Is Social Media/Internet a Game Changer for Roma?, Presentation at the 2019 Critical Approaches to Romani Studies Conference (2019) (on file with Central European University).Google Scholar
Backer, Larry Catá, The Extra-National State: American Confederate Federalism and the European Union, 7 Colum. J. Eur. L. 173 (2001).Google Scholar
Bagenstos, Samuel R., The Structural Turn and the Limits of Antidiscrimination Law, 94 Calif. L. Rev. 1 (2006).Google Scholar
Bakhtin, Mikhail, Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics (Caryl Emerson trans., Booth, Wayne C. ed., 1984).Google Scholar
Balibar, Etienne, Racism and Nationalism, in Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities 37 (Balibar, Etienne & Wallerstein, Immanuel eds., 1991).Google Scholar
Balkin, Jack M. & Siegel, Reva B., Fiss’s Way: The Scholarship of Owen Fiss, 58 U. Miami L. Rev. 9 (2003).Google Scholar
Bancroft, Angus, Roma and Gypsy-Travellers in Europe: Modernity, Race, Space and Exclusion (2005).Google Scholar
Baptist, Edward E., The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism (2012).Google Scholar
Barany, Zoltan, The East European Gypsies: Regime Change, Marginality, and Ethnopolitics (2002).Google Scholar
Barany, Zoltan, Ethnic Mobilization and the State: The Roma in Eastern Europe, 21 Ethnic & Racial Stud. 308 (1998).Google Scholar
Bârsan, Ileana, Mentalities and Historical (Re) Presentation in Aferim! by Radu Jude, 1 Cinematographic Art & Documentation 5 (2016).Google Scholar
Bársony, János, 20th Century Roma History and the Pharrajimos, in Pharraijmos: The Fate of the Roma During the Holocaust 23 (Bársony, János & Daróczi, Ágnes eds., 2008).Google Scholar
Barten, Ulrike, Minority Rights in the European Union after Lisbon, 33 Nordic J. Hum. Rts. 1 (2011).Google Scholar
Batur, Pina, Just a Link in the Chain: Global Racism and the Concept of “Blackness” in Russia, in Racial and Ethnic Economic Inequality: An International Perspective 5 (Myers, Samuel L Jr. & Corrie, Bruce P. eds., 2006).Google Scholar
Bausch, Katherine, Superflies into Superkillers: Black Masculinity in Film from Blaxploitation to New Black Realism, 46 J. Popular Culture 257 (2013).Google Scholar
Beckert, Sven & Rockman, Seth, Introduction, in Slavery’s Capitalism: A New History of American Economic Development 1 (Beckert, Sven & Rockman, Seth, eds., 2016).Google Scholar
Beggs, Gordon J., Novel Expert Evidence in Federal Civil Rights Litigation, 45 Am. U. L. Rev. 1 (1995).Google Scholar
Bell, Derrick, Brown v. Board of Education and the Interest-Convergence Dilemma, 93 Harv. L. Rev. 518 (1980).Google Scholar
Bell, Derrick, Silent Covenants: Brown v. Board of Education and the Unfulfilled Hopes for Racial Reform (2004).Google Scholar
Benedict, Michael Les, A Compromise of Principle: Congressional Republicans and Reconstruction, 1863–1869 (1974).Google Scholar
Benedict, Michael Les, Moments of Change: Transformations in American Constitutionalism, 108 Yale L.J. 2011 ( 1999 ).Google Scholar
Benedict, Michael Les, The Rout of Radicalism: Republicans and the Elections of 1867, 18 Civ. War Hist. 334 (1972).Google Scholar
Bhabha, Jacqueline, Realizing Roma Rights: An Introduction, in Realizing Roma Rights 1 (Bhabha, Jacqueline et al. eds., 2017).Google Scholar
Biber, Eric, The Price of Admission: Causes, Effects, and Patterns of Conditions Imposed on States Entering the Union, 46 Am. J. Legal Hist. 119 (2004).Google Scholar
Bignami, Francesca, Creating European Rights: National Values and Supranational Interests, 11 Colum. J. Eur. L. 241 (2005).Google Scholar
Bjelić, Dušan I., Introduction: Blowing Up the “Bridge,” in Balkan as Metaphor 1 (Bjelić, Dušan I., I. & Obrad, Savić eds., 2005).Google Scholar
Blackmon, Douglas A., Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (1992).Google Scholar
Bogdan, Maria et al., Introducing the New Journal Critical Romani Studies, 1 Critical Romani Stud. 2 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogle, Donald, Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films (5th ed. 2016).Google Scholar
Borstelmann, Thomas, The Cold War and the Color Line: American Race Relations in the Global Arena (2001).Google Scholar
Börzel, Tanja A. & Risse, Thomas, Who Is Afraid of a European Federation? How to Constitutionalise a Multi-Level Governance System, in What Kind of Constitution for What Kind of Polity? Responses to Joschka Fischer 45 (Joerges, Christian et al. eds., 2000).Google Scholar
Bottici, Chlara & Challand, Benoit, Imagining Europe: Myth, Memory, and Identity (2013).Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre & Wacquant, Loïc, On the Cunning of Imperialist Reason, 16 Theory Culture & Soc’y 41 (1999).Google Scholar
Boyd, Thomas M. & Markman, Stephen J., The 1982 Amendments to the Voting Rights Act, 40 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 1347 (1983).Google Scholar
Bratić, Ljubomir, Romske organizacije i aktivisti sa područja bivše Jugoslavije, Interview with Romani Activist from Vienna, MigraZine (2012) [https://perma.cc/P7GF-FRF6].Google Scholar
Bridgewater, Pamela D., Reproductive Freedom as Civil Freedom: The Thirteenth Amendment’s Role in the Struggle for Reproductive Rights, 3 J. Gender Race & Just. 401 (2000).Google Scholar
Bringa, Tone R., Nationality Categories, National Identification and Identity Formation in “Multinational” Bosnia, 11 Anthropology E. Eur. Rev. 80 (1993).Google Scholar
Brown-Nagin, Tomiko, Courage to Dissent: Atlanta and the Long History of the Civil Rights Movement (2011).Google Scholar
Brown-Nagin, Tomiko, The Impact of Lawyer-Client Disengagement on the NAACP’s Campaign to Implement Brown v. Board of Education in Atlanta, in From the Grassroots to the Supreme Court: Brown v. Board of Education and American Democracy 227 (Lau, Peter F. ed., 2004).Google Scholar
Búrca, Gráinne de, Beyond the Charter: How Enlargement Has Enlarged the Human Rights Policy of the European Union, 27 Fordham Int’l L.J. 679 (2004).Google Scholar
Búrca, Gráinne de, EU Race Discrimination Law: A Hybrid Model?, in Law and New Governance in the EU and the US 97 (de Búrca, Gráinne & Scott, Joanne eds., 2006).Google Scholar
Búrca, Gráinne de, “New Modes of Governance” and the Protection of Human Rights, in Monitoring Fundamental Rights in the EU: The Contribution of the Fundamental Rights Agency 25 (Alston, Philip & De Schutter, Olivier eds., 2005).Google Scholar
Búrca, Gráinne de, The Trajectories of European and American Antidiscrimination Law, 60 Am. J. Comp. L. 1 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Búrca, Gráinne de & Scott, Joanne, Introduction: New Governance, Law and Constitutionalism, in Law and New Governance in the EU and the US 1 (de Búrca, Gráinne & Scott, Joanne eds., 2006).Google Scholar
Bulgarian Helsinki Committee, Bulgarian Deputy PM Guilty of Anti-Roma Hate Speech, Liberties (Oct. 30, 2017), https://www.liberties.eu/en/news/valeri-simeonov-case-hate-speech/13328.Google Scholar
Bulgarian Nationalists Stage Anti-Roma Rally, Al Jazeera (Oct. 1, 2011), https://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2011/10/2011101173254692117.html [https://perma.cc/2A4L-Z2QX].Google Scholar
Carrera, Sergio & Atger, Anaïs Faure, Centre for European Policy Stud., L’affaire des Roms: A Challenge to the EU’s Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (2010).Google Scholar
Carter, William M. Jr., Race, Rights, and the Thirteenth Amendment: Defining the Badges and Incidents of Slavery, 40 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 1311 (2007).Google Scholar
Carter, William M. Jr., A Thirteenth Amendment Framework for Combating Racial Profiling, 39 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 17 (2004).Google Scholar
Cass, Deborah, The Word That Saves Maastricht? The Principle of Subsidiarity and the Division of Powers Within the European Community, 29 Common Mkt. L. Rev. 1107 (1992).Google Scholar
Celik, Faika, Approaching Gypsies (Roma) in Early Modern Ottoman Balkans: Challenges and Prospects, Presentation at the Critical Approaches to Romani Studies Conference, May 25–26, 2017, Central European University, Budapest (unpublished manuscript) (on file with authors).Google Scholar
Center for Reproductive Rights, Body and Soul: Forced Sterilization and Other Assaults on Roma Reproductive Freedom (2003).Google Scholar
Central European University, Inside the Struggle: The U.S. Civil Rights Movement & the European Roma Rights Crisis (2015), https://www.ceu.edu/event/2015–12-07/inside-struggle-us-civil-rights-movement-european-Roma-rights-crisis [https://perma.cc/3Z84-3YLE].Google Scholar
Chang, Felix B., Roma Integration “All the Way Down”: Lessons from Federalism and Civil Rights, 1 Critical Romani Stud. 62 (2018).Google Scholar
Charles, Guy-Uriel E. & Fuentes-Rohwer, Luis, Race, Federalism, and Voting Rights, 2015 U. Chi. L.F. 113.Google Scholar
Chereseva, Maria, Clashes at Anti-Roma Rally in Radnevo, Bulgaria, BalkanInsight (May 5, 2016), https://balkaninsight.com/2016/05/05/ethnic-tensions-provoke-violent-clashes-in-bulgarian-town-radnevo-05–05-2016/ [https://perma.cc/X8LQ-FX3E].Google Scholar
Chin, Gabriel J., Volume Introduction, in Affirmative Action and the Constitution: Volume 3, Judicial Reaction to Affirmative Action, 1989–1997 1 (Chin, Gabriel J. ed., 1998).Google Scholar
Choper, Jesse & Yoo, John, Wartime Process: A Dialogue on Congressional Power to Remove Issues from the Federal Courts, 95 Calif. L. Rev. 1243 (2007).Google Scholar
Coenders, Marcel et al., Majorities’ Attitudes Towards Minorities in Western and Eastern European Societies: Results from the European Social Survey 2002–2003 (Report for the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia no. 4, 2005), https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/151-Report-4.pdf.Google Scholar
Coenders, Marcel et al., Majority Populations’ Attitudes Towards Migrants and Minorities (Report for the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia Ref. no. 2003/04/01, 2001), https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/148-Report-1.pdf.Google Scholar
Colker, Ruth, Anti-Subordination Above All: Sex, Race, and Equal Protection, 61 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1003 (1986).Google Scholar
Collins, Patricia Hill, The Tie That Binds: Race, Gender and US Violence, 21 Ethnic & Racial Stud. 917 (2010).Google Scholar
Common Mkt. Law Review Editorial Bd., Fundamental Rights and EU Membership: Do as I Say, Not as I Do!, 499 Common Mkt. L. Rev. 481 (2012).Google Scholar
Cooper, Belinda, “We Have No Martin Luther King”: Eastern Europe’s Roma Minority, 20 World Pol’y J. 69 (2001/2002).Google Scholar
Čorná, Tina, Marián Labuda a Bolek Polívka – Umelci Rómskej Voľnosti, SME (Jan. 18, 2007), https://www.sme.sk/c/3099890/marian-labuda-a-bolek-polivka-umelci-romskej-volnosti.html.Google Scholar
Costache, Ioanida, Reclaiming Romani-ness: Identity Politics, Universality and Otherness or, Towards a (New) Romani Subjectivity, 1 Critical Romani Stud. 30 (2018).Google Scholar
Crenshaw, Kimberlé Williams, Race, Reform, and Retrenchment: Transformation and Legitimation in Antidiscrimination Law, 101 Harv. L. Rev. 1331 (1988).Google Scholar
Croon-Gestefeld, Johanna, Reverse Solange: Union Citizenship as a Detour on the Route to European Rights Protection Against National Infringements, in EU Citizenship and Federalism: The Role of Rights 665 (Kochenov, Dimitry ed., 2017).Google Scholar
Cunningham, David, Klansville, U.S.A.: The Rise and Fall of the Civil Rights-Era Ku Klux Klan ( 2012 ).Google Scholar
Curtis, Michael Kent, No State Shall Abridge: The Fourteenth Amendment and the Bill of Rights (1986).Google Scholar
Daróczi, Ágnes & Bársony, János, Preface to the English Edition, in Pharraijmos: The Fate of the Roma During the Holocaust ix (Bársony, János & Daróczi, Ágnes eds., 2008).Google Scholar
de Witte, Bruno, Politics Versus Law in the EU’s Approach to Ethnic Minorities, in Europe Unbound: Enlarging and Reshaping the Boundaries of the European Union 137 (Jan Zielonka ed., 2002).Google Scholar
DecadeWatch, Roma Activists Assess the Progress of the Decade of Roma Inclusion (2007).Google Scholar
DecadeWatch, Romania Report: Mid Term Evaluation of the Decade of Roma Inclusion (Stoian, Iulian & Mark, David eds., 2010).Google Scholar
Defeis, Elizabeth F., Human Rights, The European Union, and the Treaty Route: From Maastricht to Lisbon, 35 Fordham Int’l L. J. 1207 (2012).Google Scholar
Delcourt, Christine, The Acquis Communautaire: Has the Concept Had Its Day?, 38 Common Mkt. L. Rev. 329 (2001).Google Scholar
DeSantis, Vincent P., Rutherford B. Hayes and the Removal of the Troops and the End of Reconstruction, in Region, Race, and Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of C. Vann Woodward 417 (Kousser, J. Morgan & McPherson, James M. eds., 1982).Google Scholar
Dickens, Dienne, Bulgaria: Anti-Roma Protests Continue After Alleged Romani Attacks on Teenagers, Romea (July 4, 2017), http://www.romea.cz/en/features-and-commentary/reportage/bulgaria-anti-roma-protests-continue-after-alleged-romani-attacks-on-teenagers [https://perma.cc/5SDJ-R48E].Google Scholar
Dixon, Rosalind, Toward a Realistic Comparative Constitutional Studies?, 64 Am. J. Comp. L. 193 (2016).Google Scholar
Dobreva, Nikolina, Constructing the “Celluloid Gypsy”: Tony Gatlif and Emir Kusturica’s “Gypsy Films” in the Context of New Europe, 17 Romani Stud. 141 (2007).Google Scholar
Douglas-Scott, Sionaidh, A Tale of Two Courts: Luxembourg, Strasbourg and the Growing European Union Human Rights Acquis, 43 Common Mkt. L. Rev. 629 (2006).Google Scholar
Driver, Justin, Rethinking the Interest-Convergence Thesis, 105 Nw. U. L. Rev. 149 (2011).Google Scholar
Du Bois, W.E. Burghardt, The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches (A.C. McClurg & Co. 8th ed. 1909).Google Scholar
Egerton, Douglas R., The Wars of Reconstruction: The Brief, Violent History of America’s Most Progressive Era (2014).Google Scholar
Engstrom, Richard L. et al., Louisiana, in Quiet Revolution in the South: The Impact of the Voting Rights Act, 1965–1990, 103 (Davidson, Chandler & Grofman, Bernard eds., 1994).Google Scholar
Equal Justice Initiative, Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror (3d ed. 2017).Google Scholar
European Roma Rights Centre, Attacks Against Roma in Bulgaria: September 2011–July 2012, European Roma Rights Ctr. (July 31, 2012), http://www.errc.org/uploads/upload_en/file/attacks-list-in-bulgaria.pdf.Google Scholar
European Roma Rights Centre, British Officials Continue Policy of Stopping Roma at Czech Airport; Czech Roma and ERRC Sue U.K. Government (Nov. 7, 2001), http://www.errc.org/article/british-officials-continue-policy-of-stopping-roma-at-czech-airport%3B-czech-roma-and-errc-sue-uk-government/1289 [https://perma.cc/YHL2-3UUM].Google Scholar
European Roma Rights Centre, Commission Probe Must Spell the End of Romani Segregation in Hungarian Schools, European Roma Rights Ctr. (May 26, 2016), http://www.errc.org/article/eu-commission-probe-must-spell-the-end-of-romani-segregation-in-hungarian-schools/4485 [https://perma.cc/N66H-5MBZ].Google Scholar
European Roma Rights Centre, Strategic Litigation of Race Discrimination in Europe: From Principles to Practice (2004).Google Scholar
Fabbrini, Federico, The Principle of Subsidiarity, in Oxford Principles of European Union Law, vol. 1, 221 (Schütze, Robert & Tridimas, Takis eds., 2018).Google Scholar
Farkas, Lilla, The Scene After Battle: What Is the Victory in D.H. Worth and Where to Go from Here?, 1 Roma Rts. J. 51 (2008).Google Scholar
Fernández, Santiago Delgado et al., Portugal and Spain in the Process of European Integration, in Iberian Elites and the EU: Perceptions Towards the European Integration Process in Political and Socioeconomic Elites in Portugal and Spain 38 (Jerez-Mir, Miguel et al. eds., 2015).Google Scholar
Fiss, Owen M., Groups and the Equal Protection Clause, 5 Phil. & Pub. Aff. 107 (1976).Google Scholar
Foner, Eric, The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution (2019).Google Scholar
Foner, Eric, The Strange Career of the Reconstruction Amendments, 108 Yale L.J. 2003 (1999).Google Scholar
François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights et al., Accelerating Patterns of Anti-Roma Violence in Hungary (Feb. 2014), https://cdn2.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/114/2017/12/FXB-Hungary-Report_Released-February-3–2014.pdf.Google Scholar
Frankenberg, Erica, UCLA Civil Rights Project, Harming Our Common Future: America’s Segregated Schools 65 Years after Brown (2019).Google Scholar
Fredrickson, George M., White Supremacy: A Comparative Study in American and South African History (1981).Google Scholar
Friedman, Eben, Education in Member State Submissions Under the EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies (ECMI Working Paper No. 73, 2013).Google Scholar
Garland, David, Penal Excess and Surplus Meaning: Public Torture Lynchings in Twentieth-Century America, 39 Law & Soc’y Rev. 793 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gates, Henry Louis Jr., Stony the Road: Reconstruction, White Supremacy, and the Rise of Jim Crow (2019).Google Scholar
Geddes, Andrew & Guiraudon, Virginie, Britain, France, and EU Anti-Discrimination Policy: The Emergence of an EU Policy Paradigm, 27 W. Eur. Pol. 334 (2004).Google Scholar
Gerken, Heather K., Foreword: Federalism All the Way Down, 124 Harv. L. Rev. 4 (2009).Google Scholar
Gerken, Heather K., A New Progressive Federalism, Democracy J., No. 24, Spring 2012, at 37.Google Scholar
Gheorghe, Nicolae, Origins of Roma Slavery in the Romanian Principalities, 7 Roma 12 (1983).Google Scholar
Gheorghe, Nicolae, The Social Construction of Romani Identity, in Gypsy Politics and Traveller Identity 153 (Acton, Thomas ed., 1997).Google Scholar
Gheorghe, Nicolae & Acton, Thomas, Citizens of the World and Nowhere: Minority, Ethnic and Human Rights for Roma, in Between Past and Future: The Roma of Central and Eastern Europe 54 (Guy, Will ed., 2001).Google Scholar
Gheorghe, Nicolae & Mirga, Andrzej, The Roma in the Twenty-First Century: A Policy Paper (Project on Ethnic Relations Policy Paper, 1997), http://www.per-usa.org/1997–2007/21st_c.htm [https://perma.cc/8GP9-5Y85].Google Scholar
Ghodsee, Kristen, Left Wing, Right Wing, Everything: Xenophobia, Neo-totalitarianism and Populist Politics in Bulgaria, 55 Probs. Post-Communism 26 (2008).Google Scholar
Ginio, Eyal, Neither Muslims nor Zimmis: The Gypsies (Roma) in the Ottoman State, 14 Romani Stud. 117 (2004).Google Scholar
Goff, Samuel, Chain Reaction: Meet the First Romanian Director to Tackle Roma Slavery Onscreen, Calvert J. (Dec. 7, 2015), https://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/5109/chain-reaction-romanian-director-radu-jude-aferim-roma-slavery.Google Scholar
Goldfield, David R., Black, White, and Southern: Race Relations and Southern Culture 1940 to the Present (1990).Google Scholar
Goldston, James A., The Unfulfilled Promise of Educational Opportunity in the United States and Europe: From Brown v. Board to D.H. and Beyond, in Realizing Roma Rights 163 (Bhabha, Jacqueline et al. eds., 2017).Google Scholar
Goodwin, Morag & Buijs, Roosmarijn, Making Good European Citizens of the Roma: A Closer Look at the EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies, 14 German L.J. 2041 (2013).Google Scholar
Gragl, Paul, The Accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights (2013).Google Scholar
Greenberg, Jack, Report on Roma Education Today: From Slavery to Segregation and Beyond, 110 Colum. L. Rev. 919 (2010).Google Scholar
Grellmann, Heinrich Mortiz Gottlieb, Die Zigeuner. Ein Historischer Versuch über die Lebensart und Verfaßung ( 1783) (English ed., 1807).Google Scholar
Guy, Will, Anti-Roma Violence, Hate Speech, and Discrimination in the New Europe: Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary, in Realizing Roma Rights 145 (Bhabha, Jacqueline et al. eds., 2017).Google Scholar
Gynther, Päivi, Beyond Systemic Discrimination: Educational Rights, Skills Acquisition and the Case of Roma (2007).Google Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen, Why Europe Needs a Constitution, New Left Rev. (2001), https://newleftreview.org/issues/II11/articles/jurgen-habermas-why-europe-needs-a-constitution.Google Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen & Derrida, Jacques, February 15, or What Binds Europeans Together: A Plea for a Common Foreign Policy, Beginning in the Core of Europe, 10 Constellations 291 (2006).Google Scholar
Halberstam, Daniel, The Bride of Messina: Constitutionalism and Democracy in Europe, 30 Eur. L. Rev. 775 (2005).Google Scholar
Halberstam, Daniel, “It’s the Autonomy, Stupid!” A Modest Defense of Opinion 2/13 on EU Accession to the ECHR, and the Way Forward, 16 German L.J. 105 (2015).Google Scholar
Hall, Jackquelyn Dowd, The Long Civil Rights Movement and the Political Uses of the Past, 91 J. Am. Hist. 1233 (2005).Google Scholar
Hall, Kermit L., Political Power and Constitutional Legitimacy: The South Carolina Ku Klux Klan Trials, 1871–1872, 33 Emory L.J. 921 (1984).Google Scholar
Hall, Stuart, Encoding/Decoding, in Media and Cultural Studies: Key Works 163 (Durham, Meenakshi Gigi & Kellener, Douglas M. eds., 2006) (1980).Google Scholar
Hall, Stuart, Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practice (1997).Google Scholar
Hall, Stuart, The Whites of Their Eyes: Racist Ideologies and the Media, in Gender, Race and Class in Media: A Text-Reader 89 (Dines, Gail & Humez, Jean M. eds., 2d ed. 2003).Google Scholar
Halpern, Stephen C., On the Limits of the Law: The Ironic Legacy of Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act (1995).Google Scholar
Hancock, Ian, The Pariah Syndrome: An Account of Gypsy Slavery and Persecution (1987).Google Scholar
Harrison, John, The Lawfulness of the Reconstruction Amendments, 68 U. Chi. L. Rev. 375 (2001).Google Scholar
Havel, Václav, The Future of Central Europe, Speech to the Polish Sejm and Senate (Jan. 21, 1990), https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1990/03/29/the-future-of-central-europe/.Google Scholar
Hegreness, Matthew J., An Organic Theory of the Fourteenth Amendment: The Northwest Ordinance as the Source of Rights, Privileges, and Immunities, 120 Yale L.J. 1820 (2011).Google Scholar
Hermanin, Costanza & Kroon, Eefje de, Open Soc’y Founds., The Race Equality Directive: A Shadow Report (2013).Google Scholar
Hirschl, Ran, Comparative Matters: The Renaissance of Comparative Constitutional Law (2014).Google Scholar
Hobbs, Allyson, A Chosen Exile: A History of Racial Passing in American Life ( 2014 ).Google Scholar
Hodge, Bob, Social Semiotics, in The Routledge Companion to Popular Culture 36 (Miller, Toby ed., 2016).Google Scholar
Horváth, Kata, “Passing”: Rebeka and the Gay Pride: On the Discursive Boundaries and Possibilities of Skin Colour, in Multi-Disciplinary Approaches to Romany Studies 123 (Stewart, Michael & Rövid, Márton eds., 2010).Google Scholar
Hughes, James & Sasse, Gwendolyn, Monitoring the Monitors: EU Enlargement Conditionality and Minority Protection in the CEECs, 4 J. on Ethnopol. & Minority Issues in Eur. 1 (2003).Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P., The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (1993).Google Scholar
Imre, Anikó, Whiteness in Post-Socialist Eastern Europe: The time of the Gypsies, the End of Race, in Postcolonial Whiteness: A Critical Reader on Race and Empire 79 (Lopez, Alfred J. ed., 2005).Google Scholar
Inter-Parliamentary Union, Bulgaria: Narodno sabranie (National Assembly), http://archive.ipu.org/parline/reports/2045_E.htm [https://perma.cc/SE3D-HAAJ].Google Scholar
Interrights, Non-Discrimination in International Law: A Handbook for Practitioners (2005).Google Scholar
Ioanid, Radu, The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of Jews and Gypsies Under the Antonescu Regime, 1940–1944 (2000).Google Scholar
Iordanova, Dina, Mimicry and Plagiarism: Reconciling Actual and Metaphoric Gypsies, 22 Third Text 305 (2008).Google Scholar
Isiksel, Turkuler, Europe’s Functional Constitution: A Theory of Constitutionalism Beyond the State (2016).Google Scholar
Issacharoff, Samuel, Polarized Voting and the Political Process: The Transformation of Voting Rights Jurisprudence, 90 Mich. L. Rev. 1833 (1992).Google Scholar
Issacharoff, Samuel & Karlan, Pamela S., Groups, Politics, and the Equal Protection Clause, 58 U. Miami L. Rev. 35 (2003).Google Scholar
Ivasiuc, Ana, Introduction: Renewing Research and Romani Activism, in Roma Activism: Reimagining Power and Knowledge 129 (Beck, Sam & Ivasiuc, Ana eds., 2018).Google Scholar
Johnson, Kevin R. & Ong Hing, Bill, The Immigrant Rights Marches of 2006 and the Prospects for a New Civil Rights Movement, 42 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 99 (2007).Google Scholar
Jones, Martha S., Birthright Citizens: A History of Race and Rights in Antebellum America (2018).Google Scholar
Joris, Tony & Vendenberghe, Jan, The Council of Europe and the European Union: Natural Partners or Uneasy Bedfellows?, 15 Colum. J. Eur. L. 1 (2008/2009).Google Scholar
Jovanovic, Zeljko, Why Europe’s “Roma Decade” Didn’t Lead to Inclusion, Open Soc’y Found. Voices (2015), https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/why-europe-s-roma-decade-didn-t-lead-inclusion.Google Scholar
Kaczorowski, Robert J., Federal Enforcement of Civil Rights During the First Reconstruction, 23 Fordham Urb. L.J. 155 (1995).Google Scholar
Kanev, Krassimir, The Politics and Reality of Romani School Desegregation in Bulgaria, in Ten Years After: A History of Roma School Desegregation in Central and Eastern Europe 145 (Rostas, Iulius ed., 2012).Google Scholar
Karkkainen, Bradley C., “New Governance” in Legal Thought and in the World: Some Splitting as Antidote to Overzealous Lumping, 89 Minn. L. Rev. 471 (2004).Google Scholar
Karlovic, N.L., Internal Colonialism in a Marxist Society: The Case of Croatia, 5 Ethnic & Racial Stud. 276 (1982).Google Scholar
Kazin, Michael & McCartin, Joseph A., Introduction, in Americanism: New Perspectives on the History of an Ideal 1 (Kazin, Michael & McCartin, Joseph A. eds., 2006).Google Scholar
Kelley, Judith G., Ethnic Politics in Europe. The Power of Norms and Incentives (2004).Google Scholar
Keyssar, Alexander, The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States (2000).Google Scholar
Klarman, Michael J., Brown v. Board of Education and the Civil Rights Movement (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klarman, Michael J., Brown v. Board of Education: Law or Politics?, in From the Grassroots to the Supreme Court: Brown v. Board of Education and American Democracy 198 (Lau, Peter F. ed., 2004).Google Scholar
Klarman, Michael J., From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality (2004).Google Scholar
Klarman, Michael J., How Brown Changed Race Relations: The Backlash Thesis, 81 J. Am. Hist. 81 (1994).Google Scholar
Klarman, Michael J., The Racial Origins of Modern Criminal Procedure, 99 Mich. L. Rev. 48 (2000).Google Scholar
Klarman, Michael J., Unfinished Business: Racial Equality in American History, 93 Va. L. Rev. in Brief 249 (2008).Google Scholar
Klarman, Michael J., Why Massive Resistance?, in Massive Resistance: Southern Opposition to the Second Reconstruction 21 (Webb, Clive ed., 2005).Google Scholar
Kochenov, Dimitry, EU Enlargement and the Failure of Conditionality: Pre-accession Conditionality in the Fields of Democracy and the Rule of Law (2007).Google Scholar
Kóczé, Angéla, Political Empowerment or Political Incarceration of Romani? The Hungarian Version of the Politics of Dispossession, in The Hungarian Patient: Social Opposition to an Illiberal Democracy 91 (Krasztev, Péter & Van Til, John eds., 2015).Google Scholar
Kóczé, Angéla, The Limits of Rights-Based Discourse in Romani Women’s Activism: The Gender Dimension in Romani Politics, in Romani Politics in Contemporary Europe: Poverty, Ethnic Mobilization, and the Neoliberal Order 135 (Sigona, Nando & Trehan, Nidhi eds., 2009).Google Scholar
Kóczé, Angéla & Rövid, Martón, Pro-Roma Global Civil Society: Acting for, with or Instead of Roma?, in Global Civil Society 2012: Ten Years of Critical Reflection 110 (Kaldor, Mary et al. eds., 2012).Google Scholar
Kóczé, Angéla & Rövid, Márton, Roma and the Politics of Double Discourse in Contemporary Europe, 24 Identities 684 (2017).Google Scholar
Korb, Alexander, Ustaša Mass Violence Against Gypsies in Croatia, 1941–1942, in The Nazi Genocide of the Roma: Reassessment and Commemoration 72 (Weiss-Wendt, Anton ed.) (2013).Google Scholar
Ladányi, János & Szelényi, Iván, Patterns of Exclusion: Constructing Gypsy Ethnicity and the Making of an Underclass in Transitional Societies of Europe (2006).Google Scholar
Lake, Marilyn & Reynolds, Henry, Drawing the Global Colour Line: White Men’s Countries and the International Challenge of Racial Equality (2008).Google Scholar
Leconte, Cécile, The Fragility of the EU as a “Community of Values”: Lessons from the Haider Affair, 28 W. Eur. Pol. 620 (2005).Google Scholar
Lee, Jonathan, CEU and NGO Crackdown: A Double Blow for Roma Inclusion in Hungary, Open Democracy (May 5, 2017), https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/ceu-and-ngo-crackdown-double-blow-for-roma-inclusion-in-hungary/.Google Scholar
Lemon, Alaina, What Are They Writing About Us Blacks? Roma and “Race” in Russia, 33 Anthropology E. Eur. Rev. 34 (1995).Google Scholar
Linos, Katerina, Path Dependence in Discrimination Law: Employment Cases in the United States and the European Union, 35 Yale J. Int’l L. 115 (2010).Google Scholar
Lipsitz, George, The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: How People Profit from Identity Politics (rev. ed. 2006).Google Scholar
López, Ian Haney, Post-Racial Racism: Racial Stratification and Mass Incarceration in the Age of Obama, 98 Calif. L. Rev. 1023 (2010).Google Scholar
Luca, Ana Maria, MEPs Vote for Romania and Bulgaria to Join Schengen, BalkanInsight (Dec. 11, 2018), https://balkaninsight.com/2018/12/11/meps-vote-for-romania-and-bulgaria-to-join-schengen-12–11-2018/.Google Scholar
Maresceau, Marc, Pre-accession, in The Enlargement of the European Union 9 (Cremona, Marise ed., 2003).Google Scholar
Marushiakova, Elena & Popov, Vesselin, European Policies for Social Inclusion of Roma: Catch 22?, 3 Soc. Inclusion 19 (2015).Google Scholar
Massive Resistance: Southern Oppression to the Second Reconstruction (Webb, Clive ed., 2005).Google Scholar
Matache, Margareta & Oehlke, Krista, Taking Stock of European Public Policy: The Impact of Roma Inclusion Strategies, in Realizing Roma Rights 97 (Bhabha, Jacqueline et al. eds., 2017).Google Scholar
Matusevich, Maxim, Journeys of Hope: African Diaspora in the Soviet Society, 1 Afr. Diaspora 53 (2008).Google Scholar
David, Mayall, Gypsy Identities 1500–2000: From Egipcyans and Moon-men to the Ethnic Romany (2004).Google Scholar
Mayeri, Serena, Reasoning from Race: Feminism, Law, and the Civil Rights Revolution (2014).Google Scholar
McAdams, Richard H., The Origin, Development, and Regulation of Norms, 96 Mich. L. Rev. 338 (1997).Google Scholar
McFeely, William S., Amos T. Akerman: The Lawyer and Racial Justice, in Region, Race, and Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of C. Vann Woodward 395 (Kousser, J. Morgan & McPherson, James M. eds., 1982).Google Scholar
McGarry, Aidan, Who Speaks for Roma?: Political Representation of a Transnational Minority Community (2010).Google Scholar
McInnis, Maurie D., Slaves Waiting for Sale: Abolitionist Art and the American Slave Trade (2011).Google Scholar
McMillen, Neil, The Citizens’ Council: Organized Resistance to the Second Reconstruction, 1954–64 (1994).Google Scholar
Merlingen, Michael et al., The Right and the Righteous? European Norms, Domestic Politics and the Sanctions Against Austria, 39 J. Common Mkt. Stud. 59 (2001).Google Scholar
Miller, Darrell A.H., The Thirteenth Amendment and the Regulation of Custom, 112 Colum. L. Rev. 1811 (2012).Google Scholar
Miller, Karen K., Race, Power and the Emergence of Black Studies in Higher Education, 31 Am. Stud. 83 (1990).Google Scholar
Cynthia, Miller-Idriss, Blood and Culture: Youth, Right-Wing Extremism, and National Belonging in Contemporary Germany (2009).Google Scholar
Minow, Martha, Brown v. Board in the World: How the Global Turn Matters for School Reform, Human Rights, and Legal Knowledge, 50 San Diego L. Rev. 1 (2013).Google Scholar
Mirga, Andzej, Roma Policy in Europe: Results and Challenges, in Realizing Roma Rights 115 (Bhabha, Jacqueline et al. eds., 2017).Google Scholar
Mirga-Kruszelnicka, Anna, Romani Studies and Emerging Romani Scholarship, in Nothing About Us Without Us? Roma Participation in Policy Making and Knowledge Production 39 (O’Reilly, Kieran & Szilvasi, Marek eds., 2015).Google Scholar
Mišković, Maja, Roma Education in Europe: In Support of the Discourse of Race, 17 Pedagogy, Cult. & Soc’y 210 (2009).Google Scholar
Mizsei, Kálmán, Reconstructing Roma Integration in Central and Eastern Europe: Addressing the Failures of the Last Quarter Century, in Realizing Roma Rights 127 (Bhabha, Jacqueline et al. eds., 2017).Google Scholar
Möschel, Mathias, Law, Lawyers and Race: Critical Race Theory from the United States to Europe (2014).Google Scholar
Möschel, Mathias, Towards a European Critical Race Theory, 34 Ethnic & Racial Stud. 1648 (2011).Google Scholar
Möschel, Mathias, Color Blindness or Total Blindness? The Absence of Critical Race Theory in Europe, 9 Rutgers Race & L. Rev. 57 (2007).Google Scholar
Mudure, Mihaela, Blackening Gypsy Slavery: The Romanian Case, in Blackening Europe: The African American Presence 263 (Raphael-Hernandez, Heike ed., 2004).Google Scholar
Mihaela, Mudure, From Gypsies to the African Americans, 4 J. Stud. of Rel. & Ideologies 58 (2003).Google Scholar
Müller, Stephan, European Framework for National Roma Policies and the Roma in the Western Balkans, 10 Eur. Y.B. Minority Issues 397 (2011).Google Scholar
Murray, Rupert Wolfe, Romania’s Government Moves to Rename the Roma, Time (Dec. 8, 2010), http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2035862,00.html.Google Scholar
National Academy of Education, Race-Conscious Policies for Assigning Students to Schools: Social Science Research and the Supreme Court Cases (Linn, Robert L. and Welner, Kevin G. eds., 2007).Google Scholar
Neuberger, Eszter, Hungary’s Highest Court Legitimizes Segregation in the Case of Religious Schooling, Budapest Beacon, Apr. 23, 2015.Google Scholar
Neuburger, Mary, The Orient Within: Muslim Minorities and the Negotiation of Nationhood in Modern Bulgaria (2004).Google Scholar
Nicolae, Valeriu, Perfectly Equipped Failures: The European Union and Educational Issues Affecting the Roma, 39 Eur. Educ. 50 (2007).Google Scholar
Nicolaïdis, Kalypso, Trusting the Poles? Constructing Europe Through Mutual Recognition, 14 J. Eur. Pub. Pol’y 682 (2007).Google Scholar
O’Keeffe, Brigid, New Soviet Gypsies: Nationality, Performance, and Selfhood in the Early Soviet Union (2013).Google Scholar
Open Soc’y Founds., European Commission Targets Slovakia over Roma School Discrimination (Apr. 29, 2015), https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/press-releases/european-commission-targets-slovakia-over-roma-school-discrimination [https://perma.cc/H4HK-EPPF].Google Scholar
Panagiotarea, Eleni, Greece in the Euro: Economic Delinquency or System Failure? (2013).Google Scholar
Pérez, Raúl, Brownface Minstrelsy: “Jose Jiminez,” the Civil Rights Movement and the Legacy of Racist Comedy, 16 Ethnicities 40 (2016).Google Scholar
Perić, Tanja, Insufficient: Governmental Programmes for Roma in Slovenia, European Roma Rights Ctr., http://www.errc.org/cikk.php?cikk=1717 [https://perma.cc/T9LY-KFVF].Google Scholar
Perman, Michael, Reunion without Compromise: The South and Reconstruction 1856–1868 (1973).Google Scholar
Pinkus, Benjamin, The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority 212 (1988).Google Scholar
Pirro, Andrea L.P., The Populist Radical Right in Central and Eastern Europe: Ideology, Impact, and Electoral Performance (2015).Google Scholar
Prieto-Flores, Oscar, Does the Canonical Theory of Assimilation Explain the Roma Case? Some Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe, 32 Ethnic & Racial Stud. 1387 (2009).Google Scholar
Rabinowitz, Howard N., More Than the Woodward Thesis: Assessing the Strange Career of Jim Crow, 75 J. Am. Hist. 842 (1988).Google Scholar
Rawlings, Richard, Engaged Elites: Citizen Action and Institutional Attitudes in Commission Enforcement, 6 Eur. L.J. 4 (2000).Google Scholar
Rehaag, Sean et al., No Refuge: Hungarian Romani Refugee Claimants in Canada, 52 Osgoode Hall L.J. 705 (2015).Google Scholar
Reséndez, Andrés, The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America (2016).Google Scholar
Richardson, Heather Cox, The Death of Reconstruction: Race, Labor, and Politics in the Post-Civil War North, 1865–1901 ( 2001).Google Scholar
Richardson, Heather Cox, West from Appomattox: The Reconstruction of America After the Civil War (2007).Google Scholar
Riley, Clayton, A Black Critic’s View of Shaft: Black Movie for White Audiences, N.Y. Times, July 25, 1971.Google Scholar
Ringold, Dena et al., World Bank, Roma in an Expanding Europe: Breaking the Poverty Cycle (2005).Google Scholar
Roediger, David R. Working Toward Whiteness: How America’s Immigrants Became White (2005).Google Scholar
Roma Migration to and from Canada: The Czech, Hungarian, and Slovak Case (Vidra, Zsuzsanna ed., 2013).Google Scholar
Rorke, Bernard, The End of a Decade: What Happened to Roma Inclusion?, Open Democracy (Sept. 29, 2015), https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/end-of-decade-what-happened-to-roma-inclusion/.Google Scholar
Rorke, Bernard, Somewhere Between Hope and Despair: Whatever Happened to Roma Inclusion Between 2005 and 2015?, in A Lost Decade?: Reflections on Roma Inclusion 2005–2015 44 (Rorke, Bernard & Usein, Orhan eds., 2015).Google Scholar
Rorke, Bernard, Open Soc’y Roma Initiatives, Review of EU Framework National Roma Integration Strategies (NRIS) (2012).Google Scholar
Rostas, Iulius et al., Interview with Costel Bercus from Romania, in Ten Years After: A History of Roma School Desegregation in Central and Eastern Europe 267 (Rostas, Iulius ed., 2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rostas, Iulius et al., Interview with Ivan Vesely from the Czech Republic, in Ten Years After: A History of Roma School Desegregation in Central and Eastern Europe 165 (Rostas, Iulius ed., 2012).Google Scholar
Rostas, Iulius et al., Interview with Rumyan Russinov from Bulgaria, in Ten Years After: A History of Roma School Desegregation in Central and Eastern Europe 131 (Rostas, Iulius ed., 2012).Google Scholar
Rostas, Iulius et al., Interview with Viktória Mohácsi from Hungary, in Ten Years After: A History of Roma School Desegregation in Central and Eastern Europe 197 (Rostas, Iulius ed., 2012).Google Scholar
Rothstein, Richard, The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America (2017).Google Scholar
Rucker-Chang, Sunnie, Challenging Americanism and Europeanism: African-Americans and Roma in the American South and European Union “South,” 16 J. Transatlantic Stud. 181 ( 2018 ).Google Scholar
Rutherglen, George, State Action, Private Action, and the Thirteenth Amendment, 94 Va. L. Rev. 1367 (2008).Google Scholar
Sampson, John, On the Origin and Early Migration of the Gypsies, 2 J. Gypsy Lore Soc. 156 (1923).Google Scholar
Sardelic, Julia, Romani Minorities and Uneven Citizenship Access in the Post-Yugoslav Space, 14 Ethnopol. 159 (2015).Google Scholar
Sassatelli, Monica, Becoming Europeans: Cultural Identities and Cultural Policies (2009).Google Scholar
Sasse, Gwendolyn, The Politics of EU Conditionality: The Norm of Minority Protection during and beyond EU Accession, 15 J. Eur. Pub. Pol’y 842 (2008).Google Scholar
Sasse, Gwendolyn, EU Conditionality and Minority Rights: Translating the Copenhagen Criterion into Policy (European Union Institute Working Paper RSCAS No. 2005/16, 2005).Google Scholar
Savage, Charlie, Justice Dept. to Take On Affirmative Action in College Admissions, N.Y. Times, Aug. 1, 2017.Google Scholar
Schimmelfennig, Frank & Sedelmeier, Ulrich, Introduction: Conceptualization the Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe, in The Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe 1 (Schimmelfennig, Frank & Sedelmeier, Ulrich eds., 2005).Google Scholar
Schütze, Robert, Direct Effects and Indirect Effects, in Oxford Principles of European Union Law, vol. 1, 265 (Schütze, Robert & Tridimas, Takis eds., 2018).Google Scholar
Schwartz, Mildred A., Trends in White Attitudes toward Negros (Report for the National Opinion Research Center No. 119, 1967), http://www.norc.org/PDFs/publications/NORCRpt_119.pdf.Google Scholar
Schwemm, Robert G., Overcoming Structural Barriers to Integrated Housing: A Back-to-the-Future Reflection on the Fair Housing Act’s “Affirmatively Further” Mandate, 100 Ky. L.J. 125 (2012).Google Scholar
Scott, Ellen, Cinema Civil Rights: Regulation, Repression, and Race in the Classical Hollywood Era (2015).Google Scholar
Scott, Joanne & Trubek, David M., Mind the Gap: Law and New Approaches to Governance in the European Union, 8 Eur. L.J. 1 (2002).Google Scholar
Sedelmeier, Ulrich, After Conditionality: Post-Accession Compliance with EU Law in East Central Europe, 15 J. Eur. Pub. Pol’y 806 (2008).Google Scholar
Semley, John, Who’s Bleeding Whom? Analyzing the Cultural Flows of Blaxploitation Cinema, Then and Now, 80 CineAction 22 (2010).Google Scholar
Severance, Kristi, France’s Expulsion of Roma Migrants: A Test Case for Europe, Migration Policy Inst. (Oct. 21, 2010), https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frances-expulsion-roma-migrants-test-case-europe.Google Scholar
Shalhope, Robert, Anticipating Americanism: An Individual Perspective on Republicanism in the Early Republic, in Americanism: New Perspectives on the History of an Ideal 53 (Kazin, Michael & McCartin, Joseph A. eds., 2006).Google Scholar
Silverman, Carol, Romani Routes: Cultural Politics and Balkan Music in Diaspora (2012).Google Scholar
Simon, Alissa, Berlin Film Review: “Genesis,” Variety (Feb. 20, 2018), https://variety.com/2018/film/reviews/genesis-review-berlinale-2018–1202704709/.Google Scholar
Slovenia’s “Erased People,” Deutsche Welle (Nov. 27, 2004), https://www.dw.com/en/slovenias-erased-people/a–1408564.Google Scholar
Smith, Karen E., The Evolution and Application of EU Membership Conditionality, in The Enlargement of the European Union 105 (Cremona, Marise ed., 2003).Google Scholar
Smith, Tom W., Changing Racial Labels: From “Colored” to “Negro” to “Black” to “African American,” 56 Pub. Opinion Q. 496 (1992).Google Scholar
Snyder, Robert & White, Timothy J., The Fall of the Berlin Wall: The Counterrevolution in Soviet Foreign Policy and the End of Communism, in After the Berlin Wall Germany and Beyond 127 (Gerstenberger, Katharina & Braziel, Jana Evans eds., 2011).Google Scholar
Sokhi-Bulley, Bal, The Fundamental Rights Agency of the European Union: A New Panopticism, 11 Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 683 (2011).Google Scholar
Solonari, Vladimir, Ethnic Cleansing or “Crime Prevention”? Deportation of Romanian Roma, in The Nazi Genocide of the Roma: Reassessment and Commemoration 96 (Weiss-Wendt, Anton ed., 2013).Google Scholar
Stein, Eric, Lawyers, Judges, and the Making of a Transnational Constitution, 75 Am. J. Int’l L. 1 (1981)Google Scholar
Stone, Jon, EU President Invites Bulgaria and Romania to Join Borderless Schengen Area “Immediately,’ Independent (Sept. 13, 2017), http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/eu-brexit-bulgaria-romania-schengen-area-immigration-passportless-jean-claude-juncker-president-a7944196.html.Google Scholar
Stone Sweet, Alec, Constitutional Dialogues in the European Community, in The European Court and National Courts – Doctrine and Jurisprudence: Legal Change in Its Social Context 305 (Slaughter, Anne-Marie et al. eds., 1998).Google Scholar
Stone Sweet, Alec & Sandholtz, Wayne, Integration, Supranational Governance, and Institutionalization of the European Polity, in European Integration and Supranational Governance 1 (Stone Sweet, Alec & Sandholtz, Wayne eds., 1998).Google Scholar
Strumia, Francesca, Individual Rights, Interstate Equality, State Autonomy: European Horizontal Citizenship and Its (Lonely) Playground from a Trans-Atlantic Perspective, in EU Citizenship and Federalism: The Role of Rights 615 (Kochenov, Dimitry ed., 2017).Google Scholar
Sturm, Susan, Second Generation Employment Discrimination: A Structural Approach, 101 Colum. L. Rev. 458 (2001).Google Scholar
Suk, Julie C., New Directions for European Race Equality Law: CHEZ Razpredelenie Bulgaria AD v. Komisia za Zashitita ot Diskriminatsia, Anelia Nikolovai, 40 Fordham Int’l L.J. 1211 (2017).Google Scholar
Szep, Attila, Some Aspects of Roma Migration from Slovakia, in Social Networks in Movement: Time, Interaction and Interethnic Spaces in Central Eastern Europe 185 (Torsello, Davide & Pappová, Melinda eds., 2007).Google Scholar
Tesler, Michael & David O., Sears, Obama’s Race: The 2008 Election and the Dream of a Post-Racial America (2010).Google Scholar
The Great Migration in Historical Perspective: New Dimensions of Race, Class, and Gender (Trotter, Joe William Jr. ed., 1991).Google Scholar
Theoharis, Jeanne F., Introduction, in Freedom North: Black Freedom Struggles Outside the South, 1940–1980 1 (Theoharis, Jeanne F. & Woodard, Komozi eds., 2003).Google Scholar
Todd, Tony, France Opposes Border-Free Travel for Romania, Bulgaria, France24 (Sept. 30, 2013), https://www.france24.com/en/20130930-france-against-romania-bulgaria-schengen-roma-europe-immigration.Google Scholar
Todorova, Miglena S., Race and Women of Color in Socialist/Postsocialist Transnational Feminisms in Central and Southeastern Europe, 16 Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism 114 (2018).Google Scholar
Toggenburg, Gabriel N., The Lisbon Treaty: A Rich Cocktail Served in an Only Half-Full Glass, 5 Europäisches J. für Minderheitenfragen 78 (2012).Google Scholar
Toggenburg, Gabriel N., The Race Directive: A New Dimension in the Fight against Ethnic Discrimination in Europe, 1 Eur. Y.B. Minority Issues 231 (2001–2002).Google Scholar
Toggenburg, Gabriel N., The Role of the New EU Fundamental Rights Agency: Debating the “Sex of Angels” or Improving Europe’s Human Rights Performance?, 3 Eur. L. Rev. 385 (2008).Google Scholar
Tölölyan, Khachig, Rethinking Diaspora(s): Stateless Power in the Transnational Moment, 5 Diaspora: J. Transnat’l Stud. 3 (1996).Google Scholar
Trehan, Nidhi & Kóczé, Angéla, Racism, (Neo-)colonialism and Social Justice: The Struggle for the Soul of the Romani Movement in Post-socialist Europe, in Racism Postcolonialism Europe 50 (Huggan, Graham & Law, Ian eds., 2009).Google Scholar
Trubek, David M. et al., “Soft Law,” “Hard Law,” and EU Integration, in Law and New Governance in the EU and the US 65 (de Búrca, Gráinne & Scott, Joanne eds., 2006).Google Scholar
Tsesis, Alexander, The Thirteenth Amendment and American Freedom: A Legal History (2004).Google Scholar
Turda, Marius & Weindling, Paul J., Blood and Homeland: Eugenics and Racial Nationalism in Central and Southeast Europe (2007).Google Scholar
Turner, Ralph, On the Position of Romani in Indo-Aryan, 5 J. Gypsy Lore Soc. 145 (1927).Google Scholar
Tushnet, Mark, Conclusion, in Comparative Constitutional Federalism: Europe and America 139 (Tushnet, Mark ed., 1990).Google Scholar
Tushnet, Mark, The Return of the Repressed: Groups, Social Welfare Rights, and the Equal Protection Clause, 2 Issues in Legal Scholarship 1 (2002).Google Scholar
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Sinti and Roma: Victims of the Nazi Era, archived at https://perma.cc/2D9N-H777.Google Scholar
Van Alstyne, William, Rites of Passage: Race, the Supreme Court, and the Constitution, 46 U. Chi. L. Rev. 775 (1978).Google Scholar
van Ham, Peter, The EC, Eastern Europe and European Unity: Discord, Collaboration and Integration Since 1947 (1993).Google Scholar
Vermeersch, Peter, Ethnic Mobilisation and the Political Conditionality of European Union Accession: The Case of the Roma in Slovakia, 28 J. Ethnic & Migration Stud. 83 (2002).Google Scholar
Vermeersch, Peter, EU Enlargement and Minority Rights Policies in Central Europe: Explaining Policy Shifts in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, 14 J. Ethnopol. & Minority Issues in Eur. 114 (2015).Google Scholar
Vermeersch, Peter, Reframing the Roma: EU Initiatives and the Politics of Reinterpretation, 38 J. Ethnic & Migration Stud. 1195 (2012).Google Scholar
Vermeersch, Peter, The Romani Movement: Minority Politics & Ethnic Mobilization in Contemporary Central Europe (2006).Google Scholar
Vermeersch, Peter & Ram, Melanie H., The Roma, in Minority Rights in Central and Eastern Europe 61 (Rechel, Bernd ed., 2009).Google Scholar
Visoka, Gëzim & Gjevori, Elvin, Census Politics and Ethnicity in the Western Balkans, 29 E. Eur. Pol. 479 (2013).Google Scholar
Vuksanović-Macura, Zlata & Macura, Vladimir, Stanovanje i Naselja Roma u Jugoistočnoj Evropi: Prokaz Stanja i Napretka u Srbiji (2006).Google Scholar
Wechsler, Herbert, Toward Neutral Principles of Constitutional Law, 73 Harv. L. Rev. 1 (1959).Google Scholar
Weinerová, Renata, From East to West: The Roma Migration from Slovakia, in Social Networks in Movement: Time, Interaction and Interethnic Spaces in Central Eastern Europe 191 (Torsello, Davide & Pappová, Melinda eds., 2003).Google Scholar
Weiss-Wendt, Anton, Introduction, in The Nazi Genocide of the Roma: Reassessment and Commemoration 1 (Weiss-Wendt, Anton ed., 2013).Google Scholar
Weiler, J.H.H., Eurocracy and Distrust: Some Questions Concerning the Role of the European Court of Justice in the Protection of Fundamental Human Rights within the Legal Order of the European Communities, 61 Wash. L. Rev. 1103 (1986).Google Scholar
White, Gillian B., How Money from Slave Trading Helped Start Columbia University, Atlantic, Jan. 25, 2017.Google Scholar
White, Julia M., Pitfalls and Bias: Entry Testing and the Overrepresentation of Romani Children in Special Education (2012).Google Scholar
Whitman, James Q., Hitler’s American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law (2017).Google Scholar
Wiener, Antje & Schwellnus, Guido, Contested Norms in the Process of EU Enlargement: Non-discrimination and Minority Rights, in Law and Governance in an Enlarged European Union 451 (Bermann, George A. & Pistor, Katharina eds., 2004).Google Scholar
Wilder, Craig Steven, Ebony and Ivy Race, Slavery and the Troubled History of America’s Universities (2013).Google Scholar
Wilkerson, Isabel, The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America’s Great Migration (2010).Google Scholar
Willems, Wim, Ethnicity as a Death-Trap: The History of Gypsy Studies, in Gypsies and Other Itinerant Groups: A Socio-historical Approach 17 (Lucassen, Leo et al. eds.,1998).Google Scholar
Wilson, Woodrow, Americanism and the Foreign Reborn, in The American Studies Anthology 127 (Horwitz, Richard P. ed., 2001) (1915).Google Scholar
Wolff, Larry, Inventing Eastern Europe: The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment (1994).Google Scholar
World Bank, Conference Briefing Note: “Roma in an Expanding Europe: Challenges for the Future” (2003), http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/872391468749375351/pdf/26415.pdf.Google Scholar
Zentral Rat Deutscher Sinti & Roma, 45 Jahre Bürgerrechtsarbeit Deutscher Sinti und Roma (2017).Google Scholar
Zietlow, Rebecca, The Forgotten Emancipator: James Mitchell Ashley and the Ideological Origins of Reconstruction (2018).Google Scholar
Zorn, Jelka, Ethnic Citizenship in the Slovenian State, 9 Citizenship Stud. 135 (2005).Google Scholar
An Episode in the Life of an Iron Picker [Epizoda u Životu Berača Željeza] (SCCA 2013).Google Scholar
Jaroka: Roma Immigration Is “Positive” for Countries, BBC (Feb. 20, 2014), https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-26273052/jaroka-roma-immigration-is-positive-for-countries.Google Scholar