Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2016
Pre-colonial southernmost Africa underwent substantial changes during the Holocene. These included climate change, as well as population and economic transformations, such as shifting from a hunting and gathering economy to one dominated by herding and crop farming. These changes took place in the context of an environmentally diverse region, which both facilitated and constrained settlement. Hunter-gatherers, herders and farmers, however, developed social strategies to cope with this diversity, as well as the substantial climatic fluctuations that affected the region. This chapter explores elements of the complex relationships between pre-colonial southernmost Africans and the environment during the Holocene.
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