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12 - Prioritarianism and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 June 2022

By
Maddalena Ferranna ,
J.P. Sevilla  and
David E. Bloom
Edited by
Matthew D. Adler  and
Ole F. Norheim
Matthew D. Adler
Affiliation:
Duke University, North Carolina
Ole F. Norheim
Affiliation:
Universitetet i Bergen, Norway
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Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced countries to make difficult ethical choices, e.g., how to balance public health and socioeconomic activity and whom to prioritize in allocating vaccines or other scarce medical resources. We discuss the implications of benefit-cost analysis, utilitarianism, and prioritarianism in evaluating COVID-19-related policies. The relative regressivity of COVID-19 burdens and control policy costs determines whether increased sensitivity to distribution supports more or less aggressive control policies. Utilitarianism and prioritarianism, in that order, increasingly favor income redistribution mechanisms compared with benefit-cost analysis. The concern for the worse-off implies that prioritarianism is more likely than utilitarianism or benefit-cost analysis to target young and socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals in the allocation of scarce vaccine doses.

Keywords

prioritarianismbenefit-cost analysisutilitarianismCOVID-19vaccine allocationlockdowncontrol policies
Type
Chapter
Information
Prioritarianism in Practice , pp. 572 - 650
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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