Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- SECTION I NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION AND NEURODIAGNOSTIC TESTING
- SECTION II COMMON NEUROLOGICAL PRESENTATIONS
- SECTION III SPECIFIC NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
- SECTION IV NEUROLOGICAL TRAUMA
- SECTION V PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
- 31 Hydrocephalus and Shunts in Children
- 32 Pediatric Infections of the Central Nervous System
- 33 Pediatric Cerebrovascular Disorders
- 34 Pediatric Seizures
- 35 Hypotonic Infant
- SECTION VI PREGNANCY-RELATED NEUROLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
- SECTION VII NEUROTOXICOLOGY
- SECTION VIII BRAIN DEATH
- Index
- References
35 - Hypotonic Infant
from SECTION V - PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 August 2009
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- SECTION I NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION AND NEURODIAGNOSTIC TESTING
- SECTION II COMMON NEUROLOGICAL PRESENTATIONS
- SECTION III SPECIFIC NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
- SECTION IV NEUROLOGICAL TRAUMA
- SECTION V PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
- 31 Hydrocephalus and Shunts in Children
- 32 Pediatric Infections of the Central Nervous System
- 33 Pediatric Cerebrovascular Disorders
- 34 Pediatric Seizures
- 35 Hypotonic Infant
- SECTION VI PREGNANCY-RELATED NEUROLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
- SECTION VII NEUROTOXICOLOGY
- SECTION VIII BRAIN DEATH
- Index
- References
Summary
A focused history and a careful physical examination of a hypotonic infant distinguish hypotonia from weakness, essential to diagnosis and treatment. The differential diagnosis of infantile hypotonia can be generated by first determining whether hypotonia is associated with weakness. Global central nervous system (CNS) disorders are suggested by the loss of developmental milestones or evidence of mental retardation. The disorders associated with significant weakness and secondary hypotonia are: spinal muscular atrophy or Werdnig-Hoffmann syndrome, congenital muscular dystrophies, congenital myotonic dystrophy and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Hypotonia with weakness requires the use of electrophysiology and biopsy studies, interpreted in the context of the infant's age. Hospitalization is commonly required to observe a hypotonic infant and to continue with diagnostic evaluation. A pediatric neurologist is consulted to determine the need for further diagnostic procedures or to initiate treatment of an underlying neurological disorder.
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Principles and Practice of Emergency NeurologyHandbook for Emergency Physicians, pp. 350 - 358Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2003
References
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