Book contents
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The maternal and placental origins of chronic disease
- 3 Pre- and periconceptual health and the HPA axis
- 4 Nutrition and preimplantation development
- 5 Maternofetal transport pathways during embryogenesis and organogenesis
- 6 Imprinted genes and placental growth
- 7 Genomic imprinting
- 8 Trophoblast invasion and uterine artery remodelling in primates
- 9 The role of the maternal immune response in fetal programming
- 10 Clinical causes and aspects of placental insufficiency
- 11 Uterine blood flow as a determinant of fetoplacental development
- 12 Placental amino acid transporters
- 13 The maternal circulation and placental shape
- 14 Glucocorticoids and placental programming
- 15 Clinical biomarkers of placental development
- 16 The placental roots of cardiovascular disease
- 17 Placental function and later risk of osteoporosis
- 18 Final general discussion
- 19 The placenta and developmental programming
- Index
11 - Uterine blood flow as a determinant of fetoplacental development
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 February 2011
Book contents
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The maternal and placental origins of chronic disease
- 3 Pre- and periconceptual health and the HPA axis
- 4 Nutrition and preimplantation development
- 5 Maternofetal transport pathways during embryogenesis and organogenesis
- 6 Imprinted genes and placental growth
- 7 Genomic imprinting
- 8 Trophoblast invasion and uterine artery remodelling in primates
- 9 The role of the maternal immune response in fetal programming
- 10 Clinical causes and aspects of placental insufficiency
- 11 Uterine blood flow as a determinant of fetoplacental development
- 12 Placental amino acid transporters
- 13 The maternal circulation and placental shape
- 14 Glucocorticoids and placental programming
- 15 Clinical biomarkers of placental development
- 16 The placental roots of cardiovascular disease
- 17 Placental function and later risk of osteoporosis
- 18 Final general discussion
- 19 The placenta and developmental programming
- Index
Summary
This chapter explores a critical aspect of fetal programming; namely the determinants of uterine blood flow and their role in fetoplacental development. Uterine artery (UA) blood flow can be measured directly in experimental animals but not in humans because of ethical concerns or limitations imposed by the effects of anaesthesia. Pregnancy increases UA diameter at high altitude in all groups, but within a given study the rise in Europeans is less than that seen in Europeans at low altitude or in Andeans at high altitude. Central to the hypothesis is that the Andean women's high UA blood flow during pregnancy helps maintain normal fetal growth. High altitude regions continue to provide an instructive natural laboratory for understanding fetoplacental development. Future studies are required to determine the factors responsible for raising UA blood flow during pregnancy and for explaining the UA blood flow differences between native and newcomer groups.
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- Information
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming , pp. 126 - 146Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010
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