Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T02:15:15.854Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

12 - Conservation status and geographic distribution of avian evolutionary history

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 December 2009

By
Thomas M. Brooks ,
John D. Pilgrim ,
Ana S. L. Rodrigues  and
Gustavo A. B. Da Fonseca
Edited by
Andrew Purvis ,
John L. Gittleman  and
Thomas Brooks
Thomas M. Brooks
Affiliation:
Conservation Synthesis Department, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA
John D. Pilgrim
Affiliation:
Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA
Ana S. L. Rodrigues
Affiliation:
Conservation Synthesis Department, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA
Gustavo A. B. Da Fonseca
Affiliation:
Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA
Andrew Purvis
Affiliation:
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London
John L. Gittleman
Affiliation:
University of Virginia
Thomas Brooks
Affiliation:
Conservation International, Washington DC
Get access

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Phylogeny affects conservation at multiple levels. At the level of the vision of conservation – of the long-term persistence of the processes that maintain biodiversity – phylogeny informs how we should represent these evolutionary processes (see, for example, Chapter 11). At the level of the goal of conservation – of representing the planet's biodiversity in a comprehensive conservation system – phylogeny reveals the units requiring representation (see, for example, Chapter 2). Finally, at the level of conservation strategies, phylogeny gives an extra dimension of biodiversity value that can be incorporated into conservation prioritisation (see, for example, Chapter 5). Here, we explore this third level.

Efficient biodiversity conservation requires systematic prioritisation of efforts; ad hoc planning has significant economic and societal costs (Pressey 1994). In a major review of systematic conservation planning, Margules & Pressey (2000) conceptualised the framework for conservation strategy as requiring two variables: ‘irreplaceability’ and ‘vulnerability’. Irreplaceability refers to uniqueness, or the extent to which a given biodiversity feature will be needed to contribute to a set of conservation values; vulnerability refers to threat, or probability of loss of biodiversity value (Pressey & Taffs 2001). This framework was originally conceived as operating across geographic space (i.e. applied to the prioritisation of sites, whether specific protected sites or broad biogeographic regions). Here, we extend the concept to application across phylogenetic space: prioritisation between species. Throughout this chapter, ‘irreplaceability’ and ‘uniqueness’ are used interchangeably, as are ‘vulnerability’ and ‘threat’.

Type
Chapter
Information
Phylogeny and Conservation , pp. 267 - 294
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akçakaya, H. R., Ferson, S., Burgman, M. A.et al. 2000 Making consistent IUCN classifications under uncertainty. Conservation Biology 14, 1001–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amori, G. & Gippoliti, S. 2001 Identifying priority ecoregions for rodent conservation at the genus level. Oryx 35, 158–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balmford, A. 1996 Extinction filters and current resilience: the significance of past selection pressures for conservation biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11, 193–6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balmford, A., Gaston, K. J., Blyth, S., James, A. & Kapos, V. 2003 Global variation in terrestrial conservation costs, conservation benefits, and unmet conservation needs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100, 1046–50CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balmford, A., Gaston, K. J., Rodrigues, A. & James, A. 2000 Integrating costs of conservation into international priority setting. Conservation Biology 14, 597–605CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balmford, A. & Long, A. 1994 Avian endemism and forest loss. Nature 372, 623–4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balmford, A., Moore, J., Brooks, T.et al. 2001 Conservation conflicts across Africa. Science 291, 2616–19CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balouet, J. C. & Olson, S. L. 1989 Fossil birds from late Quaternary deposits in New Caledonia. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 469, 1–38CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, P. M. & Owens, I. P. 1997 Variation in extinction risk among birds: chance or evolutionary predisposition?Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B264, 401–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BirdLife International 2000 Threatened Birds of the World. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions
Bornschein, M. R., Reinert, B. L. & Teixiera, D. M. 1995 Um Novo Formicariidae do Sul do Brasil (Aves, Passeriformes). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Instituto Iguaçú de Pesquisa e Preservação Ambiental
Brooks, T. 2000 Extinct species. In Threatened Birds of the World (ed. BirdLife International), pp. 701–8. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions
Brooks, T. M., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G.et al. 2002 Habitat loss and extinction in the hotspots of biodiversity. Conservation Biology 16, 909–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, T. M., Pimm, S. L. & Collar, N. J. 1997 The extent of deforestation predicts the number of birds threatened with extinction in insular South-east Asia. Conservation Biology 11, 382–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J. H. 1984 On the relationship between abundance and distribution of species. American Naturalist 124, 255–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chown, S. L., Rodrigues, A. S. L., Gremmen, N. J. M. & Gaston, K. 2001 World heritage status and conservation of southern ocean islands. Conservation Biology 15, 550–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cincotta, R. P., Wisnewski, J. & Engelman, R. 2000 Human population in the biodiversity hotspots. Nature 404, 990–2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clarke, K. R. & Warwick, R. M. 1998 A taxonomic distinctiveness index and its statistical properties. Journal of Applied Ecology 35, 523–31CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clements, J. F. 2000 Birds of the World: a Checklist. Robertsbridge, UK: Pica PressGoogle Scholar
Collar, N. J. 1996 The reasons for Red Data Books. Oryx 30, 121–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collar, N. J., Andreev, A. V., Chan, S.et al. 2001 Threatened Birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife InternationalGoogle Scholar
Collar, N. J. & Andrew, P. 1988 Birds to Watch: the ICBP World Check-list of Threatened Birds. ICBP Technical Publication No. 8. Cambridge, UK: International Council for Bird PreservationGoogle Scholar
Collar, N. J., Crosby, M. J. & Stattersfield, A. J. 1994 Birds to Watch 2: the World List of Threatened Birds. BirdLife Conservation Series No. 4. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife InternationalGoogle Scholar
Collar, N. J., Gonzaga, L. P., Krabbe, N.et al. 1992 Threatened Birds of the Americas: the ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book. Cambridge, UK: International Council for Bird PreservationGoogle Scholar
Collar, N. J., Mallari, N. A. D. & Tabaranza, B. R. 1999 Threatened Birds of the Philippines. Manila, Philippines: Bookmark, IncGoogle Scholar
Collar, N. J. & Stuart, S. N. 1985 Threatened Birds of Africa and Related Islands: the ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book. Cambridge, UK: International Council for Bird PreservationGoogle Scholar
Cowling, R. M. 1999 Planning for persistence – systematic reserve design in southern Africa's Succulent Karoo desert. Parks 9, 17–30Google Scholar
Cowling, R. M., Pressey, R. L., Lombard, A. T., Desmet, P. G. & Ellis, A. G. 1999 From representation to persistence: requirement for a sustainable reserve system in the species rich mediterranean-climate deserts of southern Africa. Diversity and Distributions 5, 1–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, J. M. 1991 A new species of rail from the Solomon Islands and convergent evolution of insular flightlessness. Auk 108, 461–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dinesen, L., Lehmberg, T., Svendsen, J. O., Hansen, L. A. & Fjeldså, J. 1994 A new genus and species of perdicine bird (Phasianidae, Perdicini) from Tanzania: a relict form with Indo-Malayan affinities. Ibis 136, 3–11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobson, A. P., Rodriguez, J. P., Roberts, W. M. & Wilcove, D. S. 1997 Geographic distribution of endangered species in the United States. Science 275, 550–3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Erwin, T. L. 1991 An evolutionary basis for conservation strategies. Science 253, 750–2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Euler, F. 2001 Selective extinction and rapid loss of evolutionary history in the bird fauna. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B268, 127–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faith, D. P. 1994 Phylogenetic diversity: a general framework for the prediction of feature diversity. In Systematics and Conservation Evaluation (ed. Forey, P. L., Humphries, C. J. & Vane-Wright, R. I.), pp. 251–68. Systematics Association Special Volume No. 50. Oxford, UK: Clarendon PressGoogle Scholar
Fitter, R. & Fitter, M. 1987 The Road to Extinction. Gland, Switzerland: IUCNGoogle Scholar
Fjeldså, J. & Lovett, J. C. 1997 Geographical patterns of old and young species in African forest biota: the significance of specific montane areas as evolutionary centres. Biodiversity and Conservation 6, 325–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fonseca, G. A. B. da, Balmford, A., Bibby, C.et al. 2000 Following Africa's lead in setting priorities. Nature 405, 393–4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gärdenfors, U., Hilton-Taylor, C., Mace, G. & Rodríguez, J. P. 2001 The application of IUCN Red List Criteria at regional levels. Conservation Biology 15, 1206–12CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaston, K. J. & Blackburn, T. M. 1997 Evolutionary age and extinction risk in the global avifauna. Evolutionary Ecology 11, 557–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaston, K. J., Pressey, R. L. & Margules, C. R. 2002 Persistence and vulnerability: retaining biodiversity in the landscape and in protected areas. Journal of Biosciences 27, 361–84CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gustafson, E. J. & Parker, G. R. 1992 Relationship between landcover proportion and indices of landscape spatial pattern. Landscape Ecology 7, 101–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heaney, L. 1986 Biogeography of mammals in SE Asia: estimates of rates of colonization, extinction and speciation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 28, 127–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, A. L. 1999 Differential human impact on the survival of genetically distinct avian lineages. Bird Conservation International 9, 147–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IUCN 2001 IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN
James, A. N., Gaston, K. J. & Balmford, A. 2001 Can we afford to conserve biodiversity?BioScience 51, 43–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, W. B. 1978–9 Red Data Book, 2: Aves. Morges, Switzerland: IUCNGoogle Scholar
Lombard, A. T., Hilton-Taylor, C., Rebelo, A. G., Pressey, R. L. & Cowling, R. M. 1999 Reserve selection in the Succulent Karoo, South Africa: coping with high compositional turnover. Plant Ecology 142, 35–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mace, G. M. & Lande, R. 1991 Assessing extinction threats: toward a re-evaluation of IUCN threatened species categories. Conservation Biology 5, 148–57CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackinnon, K. 2000 Never say die: fighting species extinction. In Priorities for the Conservation of Mammalian Diversity (ed. Entwhistle, A. & Dunstone, N.), pp. 334–53. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
Margules, C. R. & Pressey, R. L. 2000 Systematic conservation planning. Nature 405, 243–53CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Margules, C. & Usher, M. B. 1981 Criteria used in assessing wildlife conservation potential: a review. Biological Conservation 21, 79–109CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mast, R. B., Mittermeier, R. A., Carrizosa, S. et al. 1999 Tropical Andes. In Hotspots (ed. Mittermeier, R. A., Myers, N., Gil, P. Robles & Mittermeier, C. G.), pp. 68–85. Mexico City, Mexico: Cemex
May, R. M. 1988 How many species are there on earth?Science 241, 1441–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
May, R. M. 1990 Taxonomy as destiny. Nature 347, 129–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKinney, M. L. 2001 Role of human population size in raising bird and mammal threat among nations. Animal Conservation 4, 45–57CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mindell, D. P. 1992 DNA–DNA hybridization and avian phylogeny. Systematic Biology 41, 126–34Google Scholar
Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., Brooks, T. M.et al. 2003 Wilderness and biodiversity conservation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100, 10309–13CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mittermeier, R. A., Myers, N., Gil, Robles P. & Mittermeier, C. G. 1999 Hotspots. Mexico City, Mexico: CemexGoogle Scholar
Mittermeier, R. A., Myers, N., Thompsen, J. B., Fonseca, da G. A. B. & Olivieri, S. 1998 Biodiversity hotspots and major tropical wilderness areas: approaches to setting conservation priorities. Conservation Biology 12, 516–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monroe, B. L. Jr. & Sibley, C. G. 1996 A world Checklist of Birds. New Haven, CT: Yale University PressGoogle Scholar
Morrone, J. J. 1994 On the identification of areas of endemism. Systematic Biology 43, 438–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, N. 1983 A priority-ranking strategy for threatened species?The Environmentalist 3, 97–120CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, N. 1988 Threatened biotas: hotspots in tropical forests. The Environmentalist 8, 1–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, N. 1990 The biodiversity challenge: expanded hotspots analysis. The Environmentalist 10, 243–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., Fonseca, G. A. B. da & Kent, J. 2000 Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403, 853–8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nantel, P., Bouchard, A., Brouillet, L. & Hay, S. 1998 Selection of areas for protecting rare plants with integration of land use conflicts: a case study for the west coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Biological Conservation 84, 223–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nee, S. & May, R. M. 1997 Extinction and the loss of evolutionary history. Science 278, 692–4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olson, S. L. & James, H. F. 1995 Nomenclature of the Hawaiian Akialoas and Nukupuus (Aves: Drepanidini). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108, 373–87Google Scholar
O'Neill, R. V., Krummel, J. R., Gardner, R. H.et al. 1988 Indices of landscape pattern. Landscape Ecology 1, 153–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pacheco, J. F., Whitney, B. M. & Gonzaga, L. P. 1996 A new genus and species of furnariid (Aves: Furnariidae) from the cocoa-growing region of south-eastern Bahia, Brazil. Wilson Bulletin 108, 397–433Google Scholar
Pagel, M. D. 1992 A method for the analysis of comparative data. Journal of Theoretical Biology 156, 431–42CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, A. T. & Watson, D. M. 1998 Problems with areal definitions of endemism: the effects of spatial scaling. Diversity and Distributions 4, 189–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pimm, S. L., Moulton, M. P. & Justice, L. J. 1994 Bird extinctions in the central Pacific. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B344, 27–33CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pimm, S. L., Russell, G. J., Gittleman, J. L. & Brooks, T. M. 1995 The future of biodiversity. Science 269, 347–50CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prendergast, J. R., Quinn, R. M., Lawton, J. H., Eversham, B. C. & Gibbons, D. W. 1993 Rare species and the coincidence of diversity hotspots and conservation strategies. Nature 365, 335–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pressey, R. L. 1994 Ad hoc reservations: forward or backward steps in developing representative reserve systems?Conservation Biology 8, 662–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pressey, R. L. 1999 Applications of irreplaceability analysis to planning and management problems. Parks 9, 42–52Google Scholar
Pressey, R. L., Ferrier, S., Hager, T. C.et al. 1996 How well protected are the forests of north-eastern New South Wales? Analyses of forest environments in relation to formal protection measures, land tenure, and vulnerability to clearing. Forest Ecology and Management 85, 311–33CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pressey, R. L., Humphries, C. J., Margules, C. R., Vane-Wright, R. I. & Williams, P. H. 1993 Beyond opportunism: key principles for systematic reserve selection. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8, 124–8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pressey, R. L., Johnson, I. R. & Wilson, P. D. 1994 Shades of irreplaceability – towards a measure of the contribution of sites to a reservation goal. Biodiversity and Conservation 3, 242–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pressey, R. L. & Nicholls, A. O. 1989 Efficiency in conservation evaluation – scoring versus iterative approaches. Biological Conservation 50, 199–218CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pressey, R. L. & Taffs, K. H. 2001 Sampling of land types by protected areas: three measures of effectiveness applied to western New South Wales. Biological Conservation 101, 105–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purvis, A. 1995 A composite estimate of primate phylogeny. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B348, 405–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purvis, A., Agapow, P.-M., Gittleman, J. L. & Mace, G. M. 2000 Nonrandom extinction and the loss of evolutionary history. Science 288, 328–30CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Randi, E., Lucchini, V., Hennache, A.et al. 2001 Evolution of the mitochondrial DNA control region and cytochrome b genes, and the inference of phylogenetic relationships in the avian genus Lophura (Galliformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 19, 187–201CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapoport, E. H. 1982 Areography: Geographic Strategies of Species. Oxford, UK: Pergamon PressGoogle Scholar
Reyers, B., Fairbanks, D. H. K., Jaarsveld, A. S. V. & Thompson, M. 2001 Priority areas for the conservation of South African vegetation: a coarse-filter approach. Diversity and Distributions 7, 79–95CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodrigues, A. S. L. & Gaston, K. J. 2002 Maximising phylogenetic diversity in the selection of networks of conservation areas. Biological Conservation 105, 103–11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, G. J., Brooks, T. M., McKinney, M. L. & Anderson, C. G. 1998 Present and future taxonomic selectivity in bird and mammal extinctions. Conservation Biology 12, 1365–76CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanderson, E. W., Jaiteh, M., Levy, M. A.et al. 2002 The human footprint and the last of the wild. BioScience 52, 891–904CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, D. A., Hobbs, R. J. & Margules, C. R. 1991 Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: a review. Conservation Biology 5, 18–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sechrest, W., Brooks, T. M., Fonseca, G. A. B. daet al. 2002 Hotspots and the conservation of evolutionary history. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 99, 2067–71CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sibley, C. G. & Ahlquist, J. E. 1990 Phylogeny and classification of birds: a study in molecular evolution. New Haven, CT: Yale University PressGoogle Scholar
Smith, P. G. R. & Theberge, J. B. 1986 A review of criteria for evaluating natural areas. Environmental Management 10, 715–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soulé, M. E. 1987 Where do we go from here? In Viable Populations for Conservation (ed. Soulé, M. E.), pp. 175–83. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University PressCrossRef
Stattersfield, A. J., Crosby, M. J., Long, A. J. & Wege, D. C. 1998 Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation. BirdLife Conservation Series No. 7. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife InternationalGoogle Scholar
Terborgh, J. 1999 Requiem for Nature. Washington, DC: Island PressGoogle Scholar
Vane-Wright, R. I., Humphries, C. J. & Williams, P. H. 1991 What to protect? Systematics and the agony of choice. Biological Conservation 55, 235–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vázquez, D. P. & Gittleman, J. L. 1998 Biodiversity conservation: does phylogeny matter?Current Biology 8, 379–81CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vincent, J. 1966 Red Data Book. Vol. 2, Aves. Morges, Switzerland: IUCNGoogle Scholar
Wessels, K. J., Reyers, B. & Jaarsveld, A. S. 2000 Incorporating land cover information into regional biodiversity assessments in South Africa. Animal Conservation 3, 67–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, P., Gibbons, D., Margules, C., Rebelo, A., Humphries, C. & Pressey, R. 1996 A comparison of richness hotspots, rarity hotspots and complementarity areas for conserving diversity using British birds. Conservation Biology 10, 155–74CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, P. H., Humphries, C. J. & Vane-Wright, R. I. 1991 Measuring biodiversity: taxonomic relatedness for conservation priorities. Australian Systematic Botany 4, 665–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Conservation status and geographic distribution of avian evolutionary history
    • By Thomas M. Brooks, Conservation Synthesis Department, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA, John D. Pilgrim, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA, Ana S. L. Rodrigues, Conservation Synthesis Department, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA, Gustavo A. B. Da Fonseca, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA
  • Edited by Andrew Purvis, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, John L. Gittleman, University of Virginia, Thomas Brooks, Conservation International, Washington DC
  • Book: Phylogeny and Conservation
  • Online publication: 04 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614927.012
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Conservation status and geographic distribution of avian evolutionary history
    • By Thomas M. Brooks, Conservation Synthesis Department, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA, John D. Pilgrim, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA, Ana S. L. Rodrigues, Conservation Synthesis Department, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA, Gustavo A. B. Da Fonseca, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA
  • Edited by Andrew Purvis, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, John L. Gittleman, University of Virginia, Thomas Brooks, Conservation International, Washington DC
  • Book: Phylogeny and Conservation
  • Online publication: 04 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614927.012
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Conservation status and geographic distribution of avian evolutionary history
    • By Thomas M. Brooks, Conservation Synthesis Department, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA, John D. Pilgrim, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA, Ana S. L. Rodrigues, Conservation Synthesis Department, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA, Gustavo A. B. Da Fonseca, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA
  • Edited by Andrew Purvis, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, John L. Gittleman, University of Virginia, Thomas Brooks, Conservation International, Washington DC
  • Book: Phylogeny and Conservation
  • Online publication: 04 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614927.012
Available formats
×