Introduction
from I - Background
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 October 2021
Summary
Network analysis is ubiquitous. It has shaped how researchers and society as a whole understand issues as diverse as the spread of disease, the precursors of loneliness, the rise of protest movements, the causes of social inequality, the flows of air traffic, the rise of social media, and much more (McAdam and Paulsen 1993; Wasserman and Faust 1994; Watts and Strogatz 1998; Watts 1999; Barabási 2002; Christakis and Fowler 2009; Wellman et al. 2021).1 This influence is due to the remarkable flexibility and power of network analysis. A network is simply a set of nodes and the ties between them, and a node can be anything – an individual, an organization, a website, a computer server, an airport, a nation, or any entity with the capacity to connect in any fashion to another entity. The ability to think of any relationship in network terms has proved remarkably generative for researchers.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Personal NetworksClassic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, pp. 3 - 26Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2021
References
Barabási, Albert-László. 2002. Linked: The New Science of Networks. New York: Perseus Books Group.Google Scholar
Barabási, Albert-László. 2009. “Scale-Free Networks: A Decade and Beyond.” Science 325(5939): 412–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnes, John A. 1954. “Class and Committees in a Norwegian Island Parish.” Human Relations 7(1): 39–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, John A. 1969. “Networks and Political Process,” pp. 51–76 in Social Networks in Urban Situations: Analyses of Personal Relationships in Central African Towns, edited by Mitchell., J. C. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Bearman, Peter S. 1991. “Desertion as Localism: Army Unit Solidarity and Group Norms in the U.S. Civil War.” Social Forces 70(2): 321–42.Google Scholar
Bearman, Peter, and Parigi, Paolo. 2004. “Cloning Headless Frogs and Other Important Matters: Conversation Topics and Network Structure.” Social Forces 83(2): 535–57.Google Scholar
Bernard, H. Russell, Killworth, Peter D., and Sailer, Lee. 1979. “Informant Accuracy in Social Network Data IV: A Comparison of Clique-Level Structure in Behavioral and Cognitive Network Data.” Social Networks 2(3): 191–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernard, H. Russell, Killworth, Peter, Kronenfeld, David, and Sailer, Lee. 1984. “The Problem of Informant Accuracy: The Validity of Retrospective Data.” Annual Review of Anthropology 13: 495–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bidart, Claire. 2021. “Commentary on Bott’s ‘Family and Social Network.’” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Small, Mario L., Perry, Brea, Pescosolido, Bernice, and Smith, Edward B.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Blau, Peter M. 1977. Inequality and Heterogeneity: A Primitive Theory of Social Structure. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Blau, Peter M., and Schwartz, Joseph. 1997. Crosscutting Social Circles: Testing a Macrostructural Theory of Intergroup Relations. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Boissevain, Jeremy, and Mitchell, Clyde. 1973. Network Analysis: Studies in Human Interaction. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Boorman, Scott A. 1975. “A Combinatorial Optimization Model for Transmission of Job Information Through Contact Networks.” The Bell Journal of Economics 6(1): 216–49.Google Scholar
Boorman, Scott A., and White, Harrison C.. 1976. “Social Structure from Multiple Networks. II. Role Structures.” American Journal of Sociology 81(6): 1384–446.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P., Everett, Martin G., and Johnson, Jeffrey C.. 2013. Analyzing Social Networks. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications Ltd.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen, and Halgin, Daniel S.. 2021. “On J. Clyde Mitchell’s ‘The Concept and Use of Social Networks.’” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Small, Mario L., Perry, Brea, Pescosolido, Bernice, and Smith, Edward B.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Boswell, David M. 1969. “Personal Crises and the Mobilization of the Social Network,” pp. 245–96, in Social Networks in Urban Situations: Analyses of Personal Relationships in Central African Towns, edited by Mitchell., J. C. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Bott, Elizabeth. 1955. “Urban Families: Conjugal Roles and Social Networks.” Human Relations 8(4): 345–84.Google Scholar
Brashears, Matthew E. 2011. “Small Networks and High Isolation? A Reexamination of American Discussion Networks.” Social Networks 33(4): 331–41.Google Scholar
Brashears, Matthew E. 2013. “Humans Use Compression Heuristics to Improve the Recall of Social Networks.” Scientific Reports 3(1): 1513.Google Scholar
Brashears, Matthew E. 2014. “‘Trivial’ Topics and Rich Ties: The Relationship Between Discussion Topic, Alter Role, and Resource Availability Using the ‘Important Matters’ Name Generator.” Sociological Science 1: 493–511.Google Scholar
Breiger, Ronald L. 1974. “The Duality of Persons and Groups.” Social Forces 53(2): 181–90.Google Scholar
Bruch, Elizabeth, and Feinberg, Fred. 2017. “Decision-Making Processes in Social Contexts.” Annual Review of Sociology 43: 207–27.Google Scholar
Burawoy, Michael. 1998. “The Extended Case Method.” Sociological Theory 16(1): 4–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burawoy, Michael. 2009. The Extended Case Method: Four Countries, Four Decades, Four Great Transformations, and One Theoretical Tradition. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S. 1984. “Network Items and the General Social Survey.” Social Networks 6(4): 293–339.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S. 1995. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S. 2021. “Structural Holes, Capstone, Cautions, and Enthusiasms.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Small, Mario L., Perry, Brea, Pescosolido, Bernice and Edward, B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S., and Merluzzi, Jennifer. 2016. “Network Oscillation.” Academy of Management Discoveries 2(4): 368–91.Google Scholar
Carley, Kathleen. 1991. “A Theory of Group Stability.” American Sociological Review 56(3): 331–54.Google Scholar
Cartwright, Dorwin, and Harary, Frank. 1956. “Structural Balance: A Generalization of Heider’s Theory.” Psychological Review 63(5): 277–93.Google Scholar
Chami, Goylette F., Kontoleon, Andreas A., Bulte, Erwin, Alan Fenwick, Narcis B. Kabatereine, Edridah M. Tukahebwa, and David W. Dunne, . 2017. “Diffusion of Treatment in Social Networks and Mass Drug Administration.” Nature Communications 8(1): 1929.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Centola, Damon. 2021. “Influencers, Backfire Effects, and the Power of the Periphery.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Small, Mario L., Perry, Brea, Pescosolido, Bernice, and Smith, Edward B.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Christakis, Nicholas A., and Fowler, James H.. 2009. Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives. London: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Coleman, James S. 1958. “Relational Analysis: The Study of Social Organizations with Survey Methods.” Human Organization 17(4): 28–36.Google Scholar
Coleman, James S. 1966. Equality of Educational Opportunity. Washington, DC: National Center for Educational Statistics.Google Scholar
Coleman, James S. 1988. “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital.” American Journal of Sociology 94: S95–120.Google Scholar
Coleman, James S. 1994. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Coleman, James, Katz, Elihu, and Menzel, Herbert. 1957. “The Diffusion of an Innovation Among Physicians.” Sociometry 20(4): 253–70.Google Scholar
Cornwell, , Benjamin, L. Philip Schumm, Edward O. Laumann, and Graber, Jessica. 2009. “Social Networks in the NSHAP Study: Rationale, Measurement, and Preliminary Findings.” The Journals of Gerontology: Series 64B(1): i47–55.Google Scholar
Crossley, Nick, Bellotti, Elisa, Gemma Edwards, Martin G. Everett, Johan Koskinen, and Tranmer, Mark. 2015. Social Network Analysis for Ego-Nets: Social Network Analysis for Actor-Centred Networks. London: SAGE.Google Scholar
Doreian, Patrick. 1980. “Linear Models with Spatially Distributed Data: Spatial Disturbances or Spatial Effects?” Sociological Methods & Research 9(1): 29–60.Google Scholar
Doreian, Patrick, and Conti, Norman. 2012. “Social Context, Spatial Structure and Social Network Structure.” Social Networks 34(1): 32–46.Google Scholar
Emirbayer, Mustafa, and Goodwin, Jeff. 1994. “Network Analysis, Culture, and the Problem of Agency.” American Journal of Sociology 99(6): 1411–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, Arnold L. 1967. The Craft of Social Anthropology. London and New York: Tavistock Publications.Google Scholar
Erickson, Bonnie. 2021. “The Problem of Culture Flows in Weak Ties.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Evens, Terence M. S., and Handelman, Don. 2006. The Manchester School: Practice and Ethnographic Praxis in Anthropology. New York: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Feld, Scott L. 1981. “The Focused Organization of Social Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 86(5): 1015–35.Google Scholar
Feld, Scott L. 1982. “Social Structural Determinants of Similarity among Associates.” American Sociological Review 47(6): 797–801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feld, Scott L., Knighton, Devin T., and Alec, McGail. 2021. “Reflections On ‘The Focused Organization of Social Ties’ and Its Implications for Bonding and Bridging.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fernandez, Roberto M. 2021. “Strength in Weak Ties in the Labor Market: An Assessment of the State of Research.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fernandez, Roberto M., and Fernandez-Mateo., Isabel 2006. “Networks, Race, and Hiring.” American Sociological Review 71(1): 42–71.Google Scholar
Fernandez, Roberto, and Weinberg, Nancy. 1997. “Sifting and Sorting: Personal Contacts and Hiring in a Retail Bank.” American Sociological Review 62(6): 883–902.Google Scholar
Festinger, Leon, Schachter, Stanley, and Back, Kurt. 1950. Social Pressures in Informal Groups: A Study of Human Factors in Housing. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Fischer, Claude S. 1982. To Dwell Among Friends: Personal Networks in Town and City. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Fischer, Claude S. 2009. “The 2004 GSS Finding of Shrunken Social Networks: An Artifact?” American Sociological Review 74(4): 657–69.Google Scholar
Fischer, Claude S. 2012. “The Loneliness Scare Is Back.” Available at: https://madeinamericathebook.wordpress.com/2012/04/24/the-loneliness-scare-is-back/ [last accessed February 14, 2021].Google Scholar
Fischer, Claude S. 2021. “From the Northern California Community Study, 1977–78, to UCNets, 2015–20.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Freeman, Linton. 2004. The Development of Social Network Analyis: A Study in the Sociology of Science. North Charleston, SC: BookSurge, LLC.Google Scholar
Gans, Herbert J. 1962. The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian Americans. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Gould, Roger V. 1989. “Power and Social Structure in Community Elites.” Social Forces 68(2): 531–52.Google Scholar
Gould, Roger V., and Fernandez, Roberto M.. 1989. “Structures of Mediation: A Formal Approach to Brokerage in Transaction Networks.” Sociological Methodology 19: 89–126.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78(6): 1360–80.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. 1974. Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hampton, Keith N., and Chen, Wenhong. 2021. “Studying Social Media from an Ego-Centric Perspective.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Harris, , Kathleen M., Carolyn T. Halpern, Eric A. Whitsel, Jon M. Hussey, Joyce Tabor, Pamela P. Entzel, and J. Richard Udry. 2009. “The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health: Research Design [WWW document].” Available at: https://addhealth.cpc.unc.edu//documentation/study-design [last accessed February 14, 2021].Google Scholar
Heider, Fritz. 1946. “Attitudes and Cognitive Organization.” The Journal of Psychology 21(1): 107–12.Google Scholar
Hollstein, Betina. 2021. “Georg Simmel’s Contribution to Social Network Research.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Huckfeldt, Robert. 2021. “Individuals, Groups, and Networks: Implications for the Study and Practice of Democratic Politics.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jennings, Helen Hall. 1943. Leadership and Isolation: A Study of Personality in Interpersonal Relations. New York: Longmans, Green.Google Scholar
Kadushin, Charles. 1969. Why People Go to Psychiatrists. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Kadushin, Charles. 2002. “The Motivational Foundation of Social Networks.” Social Networks 24(1): 77–91.Google Scholar
Kadushin, Charles. 2012. Understanding Social Networks: Theories, Concepts, and Findings. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kapferer, Bruce. 1969. “Norms and the Manipulation of Relationships in a Work Context,” pp. 181–244 in Social Networks in Urban Situations: Analyses of Personal Relationships in Central African Towns, edited by Mitchell., J. C. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Katz, Elihu, and Lazarsfeld, Paul. 1955. Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communications Glencoe, IL: Free Press.Google Scholar
Krackhardt, David. 1990. “Assessing the Political Landscape: Structure, Cognition, and Power in Organizations.” Administrative Science Quarterly 35(2): 342–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laumann, Edward O. 1973, Bonds of Pluralism: The Form and Substance of Urban Social Networks. New York: J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Laumann, Edward O., Marsden, Peter V., and Prensky, David. 1989. “The Boundary Specification Problem in Network Analysis,” pp. 18–34 in Research Methods in Social Network Analysis, edited by Freeman, Linton C., White, Douglas R., and Romney, Antone Kimball. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Laumann, Edward O., Ellingson, Stephen, Mahay, Jenna, Paik, Anthony, and Youm, Yoosik, eds. 2004. The Sexual Organization of the City. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lawrence, Peter A. 1976. Georg Simmel: Sociologist and European. Sunbury-on-Thames: Nelson.Google Scholar
Lazarsfeld, Paul, Berelson, Bernard, and Gaudet, Hazel. 1944[1968]. The People’s Choice: How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign. Oxford: Duell, Sloan & Pearce.Google Scholar
Lazarsfeld, Paul F., and Merton, Robert K.. 1954. “Friendship as a Social Process: A Substantive and Methodological Analysis.” Freedom and Control in Modern Society 18(1): 18–66.Google Scholar
Lee, Nancy Howell. 1969. The Search for an Abortionist. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Levi-Strauss, Claude. 1969[1949]. The Elementary Structures of Kinship. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode.Google Scholar
Levine, Donald N., Carter, Ellwood B., and Gorman, Eleanor Miller. 1976. “Simmel’s Influence on American Sociology.” American Journal of Sociology 81(4): 813–45.Google Scholar
Lin, Nan. 2001. Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lin, Nan, and Bian, Yanjie. 2021. “Social Capital: An Update.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lizardo, Omar. 2017. “Improving Cultural Analysis: Considering Personal Culture in Its Declarative and Nondeclarative Modes.” American Sociological Review 82(1): 88–115.Google Scholar
Loury, Glen. 1977. “A Dynamic Theory of Racial Income Differences,” pp. 153–88 in Women, Minorities, and Employment Discrimination, edited by Wallace, Phillis and Annette, LaMond. Lexington, MA: Heath.Google Scholar
Lubbers, Miranda J., and Molina, José Luis. 2021. “Personal Networks and Migration Trajectories.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Small, Mario L., Perry, Brea, Pescosolido, Bernice, and Smith, Edward B.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Luke, Douglas A., and Stamatakis, Katherine A.. 2012. “Systems Science Methods in Public Health: Dynamics, Networks, and Agents.” Annual Review of Public Health 33(1): 357–76.Google Scholar
Marin, Alexandra. 2012. “Don’t Mention It: Why People Don’t Share Job Information, When They Do, and Why It Matters.” Social Networks 34(2): 181–92.Google Scholar
Marsden, Peter. 1983. “Restricted Access in Networks and Models of Power.” American Journal of Sociology 88(4): 686–717.Google Scholar
Marsden, Peter V., Fakete, Maleah, and Baum, Derick. 2021. “Egocentric Network Studies within the General Social Survey: Measurement Methods, Substantive Findings, and Methodological Research.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Martin, John Levi, and Kwon, Hyunku. 2021. “Festinger, Schachter, and Back’s Social Pressures in Informal Groups.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mayer, Adrian. 1966. “The Significance of Quasi-Group in the Study of Complex Societies,” pp. 94–122 in The Social Anthropology of Complex Societies, edited by Baton, Michael. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mazelis, Joan Maya. 2017. Surviving Poverty: Creating Sustainable Ties among the Poor. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
McAdam, Doug, and Paulsen, Ronnelle. 1993. “Specifying the Relationship between Social Ties and Activism.” American Journal of Sociology 99(3): 640–67.Google Scholar
McCarty, Christopher. 2021. “Implications of Informant Accuracy Research for Ego Networks.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McCarty, Christopher, Lubbers, Miranda J., Vacca, Raffaele, and Molina, José Luis. 2019. Conducting Personal Network Research: A Practical Guide. Milton Keynes: Guilford Publications.Google Scholar
McPherson, Miller, Smith-Lovin, Lynn, and Cook, James M.. 2001. “Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks.” Annual Review of Sociology 27: 415–44.Google Scholar
McPherson, Miller, Smith-Lovin, Lynn, and Rawlings, Craig. 2021. “The Enormous Flock of Homophily Researchers: Assessing and Promoting a Research Agenda.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mische, Ann. 2021. “On Parachutes and Lion-Taming.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mitchell, James Clyde. 1969. Social Networks in Urban Situations: Analyses of Personal Relationships in Central African Towns. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Moreno, Jacob L. 1934. Who Shall Survive? A New Approach to the Problem of Human Interrelations. Washington, DC: Nervous and Mental Disease PubCo.Google Scholar
National Research Council. 2006. Network Science. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Newcomb, Theodore M. 1956. “The Prediction of Interpersonal Attraction.” American Psychologist 11(11): 575–86.Google Scholar
Paik, Anthony, and Sanchagrin, Kenneth. 2013. “Social Isolation in America: An Artifact.” American Sociological Review 78(3): 339–60.Google Scholar
Parkinson, Carolyn, Kleinbaum, Adam M., and Wheatley, Thalia. 2018. “Similar Neural Responses Predict Friendship.” Nature Communications 9(1): 332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perry, Brea L. 2021. “Personal Network Dynamics: Organizing Principles of Stability and Change from Complex Systems Theory.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Perry, Brea L., and Pescosolido, Bernice A.. 2010. “Functional Specificity in Discussion Networks: The Influence of General and Problem-Specific Networks on Health Outcomes.” Social Networks 32(4): 345–57.Google Scholar
Perry, Brea L., and Pescosolido, Bernice A.. 2015. “Social Network Activation: The Role of Health Discussion Partners in Recovery from Mental Illness.” Social Science and Medicine 125: 116–28.Google Scholar
Perry, Brea L., Pescosolido, Bernice A., and Borgatti, Stephen P.. 2018. Egocentric Network Analysis: Foundations, Methods, and Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Perry, Brea L., and Roth, Adam R.. 2021. “On the Boundary Specification Problem in Network Analysis: An Update and Extension to Personal Social Networks.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice. 1991. “Illness Careers and Network Ties: A Conceptual Model of Utilization and Compliance.” Advances in Medical Sociology 2: 161–84.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice. 1992. “Beyond Rational Choice: The Social Dynamics of How People Seek Help.” American Journal of Sociology 97(4): 1096–138.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice. 2021. “Confronting How People Cope with Crisis: From the Social Organization Strategy Framework to the Network Episode Model to the Network Embedded Symbiome.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Mario L. Small, Brea Perry, Bernice Pescosolido, and Edward B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice A., and Rubin, Beth A.. 2000. “The Web of Group Affiliations Revisited: Social Life, Postmodernism, and Sociology.” American Sociological Review 65(1): 52–76.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice, Olafsdottir, Sigrun, Sporns, Olaf, Perry, Brea, Meslin, Eric, Grubesic, Tony, Martin, Jack, Koehly, Laura, Pridemore, William, Vespignani, Alessandro, Foroud, Tatiana, and Shekar, Anantha. 2016. “The Social Symbiome Framework: Linking Genes-to-Global Cultures in Public Health Using Network Science,” pp. 25–48 in Handbook of Applied System Science, edited by Neal, Zachary. Abingdon: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
Portes, Alejandro. 1998. “Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology.” Annual Review of Sociology 24(1): 1–24.Google Scholar
Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred. 1952. Structure and Function in Primitive Society. London: Cohen and West.Google Scholar
Rainie, Harrison, and Wellman, Barry. 2012. Networked: The New Social Operating System. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Reagans, Ray. 2011. “Close Encounters: Analyzing How Social Similarity and Propinquity Contribute to Strong Network Connections.” Organization Science 22(4): 835–49.Google Scholar
Schwarz, Norbert. 1999. “Self-Reports: How the Questions Shape the Answers.” American Psychologist 54(2): 93–105.Google Scholar
Shepherd, Hana, and Garip, Filiz. 2021. “The Context of Network Inequality.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Small, Mario L., Perry, Brea, Pescosolido, Bernice, and Smith, Edward B.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Simmel, Georg. 1955[1964]. Conflict and the Web of Group Affiliations. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Simmel, Georg. 1971. On Individuality and Social Forms: Selected Writings. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Simmel, Georg. 1976[1903]. The Metropolis and Mental Life: The Sociology of Georg Simmel. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Small, Mario Luis. 2009a. “‘How Many Cases Do I Need?’: On Science and the Logic of Case Selection in Field-Based Research.” Ethnography 10(1): 5–38.Google Scholar
Small, Mario Luis. 2009b. Unanticipated Gains: Origins of Network Inequality in Everyday Life. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Small, Mario Luis. 2013. “Weak Ties and the Core Discussion Network: Why People Regularly Discuss Important Matters with Unimportant Alters.” Social Networks 35(3): 470–83.Google Scholar
Small, Mario Luis. 2021. “How Actors Mobilize Their Networks in Practice.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Small, Mario L., Perry, Brea, Pescosolido, Bernice, and Smith, Edward B.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Small, Mario L., and Adler, Laura. 2019. “The Role of Space in the Formation of Social Ties.” Annual Review of Sociology 45(1): 111–32.Google Scholar
Smith, Edward B., Brands, Raina A., Brashears, Matthew E., and Kleinbaum, Adam M.. 2020. “Social Networks and Cognition.” Annual Review of Sociology 46(1).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Edward B., Menon, Tanya, and Thompson, Leigh. 2012. “Status Differences in the Cognitive Activation of Social Networks.” Organization Science 23(1): 67–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Sandra Susan. 2007. Lone Pursuit: Distrust and Defensive Individualism Among the Black Poor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Smith, Sandra Susan, and Sanders, Jasmine M.. 2021. “Self-Verification, Trust, and Social Capital Mobilization.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Small, Mario L., Perry, Brea, Pescosolido, Bernice, and Smith, Edward B.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Snijders, Tom A. B. 1996. “Stochastic Actor‐Oriented Models for Network Change.” The Journal of Mathematical Sociology 21(1–2): 149–72.Google Scholar
Spillane, James P., Shirrell, Matthew, and Sweet, Tracy M.. 2017. “The Elephant in the Schoolhouse: The Role of Propinquity in School Staff Interactions about Teaching.” Sociology of Education 90(2): 149–71.Google Scholar
Stack, Carol B. 1974. All Our Kin: Strategies for Survival in a Black Community. Frisco, TX: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Stretesky, Paul B., Defeyter, Margaret Anne, Long, Michael A., Sattar, Zeibeda, and Crilley, Eilish. 2020. “Holiday Clubs as Community Organizations.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 689(1): 129–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, Hui, Brashears, Matthew E., and Smith, Edward B.. 2021. “Network Representation Capacity: How Social Relationships Are Represented in the Human Mind.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Small, Mario L., Perry, Brea, Pescosolido, Bernice, and Smith, Edward B.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tindall, David, Stoddart, Mark, McLevey, John, Jasny, Lorien, Fisher, Dana, Earl, Jennifer, and Diani, Mario. 2021. “The Opportunities and Challenges of Studying Social Movement Ego-Networks: Online and Offline.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Small, Mario L., Perry, Brea, Pescosolido, Bernice, and Smith, Edward B.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Toennies, Ferdinand. 1957[1887]. “Community and Society.” Translated by C. P. Loomis. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press.Google Scholar
Vaisey, Stephen. 2009. “Motivation and Justification: A Dual‐Process Model of Culture in Action.” American Journal of Sociology 114(6): 1675–715.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van den Bulte, Christophe, and Lilien, Gary L.. 2001. “Medical Innovation Revisited: Social Contagion versus Marketing Effort.” American Journal of Sociology 106(5): 1409–35.Google Scholar
Verbrugge, Lois M. 1979. “Multiplexity in Adult Friendships.” Social Forces 57(4): 1286–309.Google Scholar
Volker, Beate. 2021. “Three Decades of Research into Social Capital: Achievements, Blind Spots, and Future Directions.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Small, Mario L., Perry, Brea, Pescosolido, Bernice, and Smith, Edward B.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wasserman, Stanley, and Faust, Katherine. 1994. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Watts, Duncan J. 1999. Small Worlds: The Dynamics of Networks between Order and Randomness. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Watts, Duncan J., and Strogatz, Steven H.. 1998. “Collective Dynamics of ‘Small-World’ Networks.” Nature 393(6684): 440–2.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry. 1979. “The Community Question: The Intimate Networks of East Yorkers.” American Journal of Sociology 84(5): 1201–31.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry. 2018. Networks in the Global Village: Life in Contemporary Communities. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry, and Wortley, Scot. 1990. “Different Strokes from Different Folks: Community Ties and Social Support.” American Journal of Sociology 96(3): 558–88.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry, Hampton, Keith N., Quan-Haase, Anabel, and Harper, Molly-Gloria. 2021. “A Network Pilgrim’s Progress: Twenty-Six Realizations in Fifty-Five Years.” In Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis, edited by Small, Mario L., Perry, Brea, Pescosolido, Bernice, and Smith, Edward B.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
White, Douglas R., and Harary, Frank. 2001. “The Cohesiveness of Blocks in Social Networks: Node Connectivity and Conditional Density.” Sociological Methodology 31(1): 305–59.Google Scholar
White, Douglas, and Johansen, Ulla. 2005. Network Analysis and Ethnographic Problems: Process Models of a Turkish Nomad Clan. Washington, DC: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
White, Harrison. 1970. Chains of Opportunity. System Models of Mobility in Organizations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
White, Harrison. 1971. “Multipliers, Vacancy Chains, and Filtering in Housing.” Journal of the American Institute of Planners 37(2): 88–94.Google Scholar
White, Harrison. 1992[2008]. Identity and Control: How Social Formations Emerge. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
White, Harrison C., Boorman, Scott A., and Breiger, Ronald L.. 1976. “Social Structure from Multiple Networks. I. Block Models of Roles and Positions.” American Journal of Sociology 81(4): 730–80.Google Scholar
Whyte, William Foote. 1943. “Social Organization in the Slums.” American Sociological Review 8(1): 34–9.Google Scholar
Wirth, Louis. 1938. “Urbanism as a Way of Life.” American Journal of Sociology 44(1): 1–24.Google Scholar
- 2
- Cited by