Book contents
- The Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World
- The Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Maps
- Tables
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Author’s Note
- One Rethinking the Origins of Money
- Two Outline of an Approach to Money
- Three A Study of Iron Age Precious Metal Hoards
- Four Money in the Iron Age Southern Levant
- Five Money in the Iron Age Aegean
- Six Conclusion
- Appendix A Catalogue of Iron Age Precious Metal Hoards in Israel/Palestine
- Bibliography
- Index of Ancient Sources
- General Index
- References
Book contents
- The Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World
- The Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Maps
- Tables
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Author’s Note
- One Rethinking the Origins of Money
- Two Outline of an Approach to Money
- Three A Study of Iron Age Precious Metal Hoards
- Four Money in the Iron Age Southern Levant
- Five Money in the Iron Age Aegean
- Six Conclusion
- Appendix A Catalogue of Iron Age Precious Metal Hoards in Israel/Palestine
- Bibliography
- Index of Ancient Sources
- General Index
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World , pp. 279 - 322Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2021
References
Aharoni, Y. 1966. ‘The Use of Hieratic Numerals in Hebrew Ostraca and the Shekel Weights’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 184, 13–19.Google Scholar
Aja, A. J. 2009. ‘Philistine Domestic Architecture in the Iron Age I’, PhD dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Akiga Sai, B. [1939] 1965. Akiga’s Story: The Tiv Tribe As Seen by One of Its Members. Translated and annotated by Rubert East. London.Google Scholar
Akin, D., and Robbins, J. 1999. Money and Modernity: State and Local Currencies in Melanesia. ASAO monograph series. Pittsburgh.Google Scholar
Alberti, M. E., Ascalone, E., and Peyronel, L. eds. 2006. Weights in Context: Bronze Age Weighing Systems of Eastern Mediterranean: Chronology, Typology, Material and Archaeological Contexts. Proceedings of the International colloquium, Roma 22–24 November 2004. Studi e materiali. Rome.Google Scholar
Alberti, M. E., and Parise, N. 2005. ‘Towards an Unification of Mass-Units between the Aegean and the Levant’, in Laffineur, R., and Greco, E. eds., Emporia: Aegeans in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. Aegaeum. Liège, 381–391.Google Scholar
Alexandre, Y. 2008. ‘‘En Hofez’, in Stern, E. ed., The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Vol. 5. Supplementary Volume. Jerusalem, 1728–1730.Google Scholar
Alexandre, Y. 2013. ‘An Iron II Silver Hoard from ‘En Hofez, near Tel Joqne’am’, in Guri-Rimon, O. ed., Hoards and Genizot As Chapters in History. Haifa, 18–21.Google Scholar
Alroth, B., and Linders, T. eds. 1992. Economics of Cult in the Ancient Greek World: Proceedings of the Uppsala Symposium 1990. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Boreas. Uppsala; Stockholm.Google Scholar
Amiran, R., and Van Beek, G. W. 1976. ‘Jemmeh, Tell’, in Avi-Yonah, M. ed., Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. London, 545–549.Google Scholar
Anderson, G. 2009. ‘The Personality of the Greek State’, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 129, 1–22.Google Scholar
Andreou, S., and Vavelidis, M. 2014. ‘So Rich and Yet So Poor: Investigating the Scarcity of Gold Artefacts in Bronze Age Northern Greece’, in Meller, H., Risch, R., and Pernicka, E. eds., Metalle der Macht – Frühes Gold und Silber: 6. Mitteldeutscher Archäologentag vom 17. bis 19. Oktober 2013 in Halle (Saale) [Metals of Power – Early Gold and Silver: 6th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany, October 17–19, 2013 in Halle (Saale)]. Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle. Halle Saale, 451–465.Google Scholar
Antonova, I., Tolstikow, W., and Treister, M. Y. 1996. The Gold of Troy: Searching for Homer’s Fabled City. London; New York.Google Scholar
Appadurai, A. 1986a. ‘Introduction: Commodities and the Politics of Value’, in Appadurai, A. ed., The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge, 3–63.Google Scholar
Appadurai, A. ed. 1986b. The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arie, E. 2013. ‘A Jewellery Hoard from the Early Iron Age at Megiddo’, in Guri-Rimon, O. ed., Hoards and Genizot As Chapters in History. Haifa, 38–43 (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Armayor, O. K. 1978. ‘Herodotus’ Catalogues of the Persian Empire in the Light of the Monuments and the Greek Literary Tradition’, Transactions of the American Philological Association (1974–) 108, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnaud, D. 1992. ‘Les ports de la ‘Phénicie’ à la fin de l’âge du Bronze Récent (XIV–XIII siècles) d’après les textes cunéiformes de Syrie’, Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici 30, 181–194.Google Scholar
Artzy, M. 1997. ‘Nomads of the Sea’, in Swiny, S., Hohlfelder, R. L., and Swiny, H. W. eds., Res maritimae: Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean from Prehistory to Late Antiquity: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium ‘Cities on the Sea’, Nicosia, Cyprus, October 18–22, 1994. American Schools of Oriental Research Archaeological Reports. Atlanta, 1–16.Google Scholar
Artzy, M. 1998. ‘Routes, Trade, Boats and “Nomads of the Sea”’, in Gitin, S., Mazar, A., and Stern, E. eds., Mediterranean Peoples in Transition: Thirteenth to Early Tenth Centuries BCE. Jerusalem, 439–448.Google Scholar
Asderaki-Tzoumerkioti, E., Rehren, T., Malakasioti, Z., and Tsiouka, F. In preparation. ‘Iron and Steel for Jewellery and Weapons in Early Iron Age Halos’.Google Scholar
Asheri, D. 2007. ‘Book III’, in Murray, O., and Moreno, A. eds., A Commentary on Herodotus Books I–IV. Oxford, 379–542.Google Scholar
Aubet, M. E. 2006. ‘On the Organization of the Phoenician Colonial System in Iberia’, in Riva, C., and Vella, N. C. eds., Debating Orientalization: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Change in the Ancient Mediterranean. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology. London, 94–109.Google Scholar
Austin, M. M., and Vidal-Naquet, P. [1972] 1977. Economic and Social History of Ancient Greece: An Introduction. London.Google Scholar
Avner, U. 2014. ‘Egyptian Timna – Reconsidered’, in Tebes, J. M. ed., Unearthing the Wilderness: Studies on the History and Archaeology of the Negev and Edom in the Iron Age. Ancient Near Eastern Studies. Supplement. Leuven, 103–162.Google Scholar
Bachhuber, C. 2011. ‘Negotiating Metal and the Metal Form in the Royal Tombs of Alacahöyük in North-Central Anatolia’, in Wilkinson, T. C., Sherratt, E. S., and Bennet, J. eds., Interweaving Worlds: Systemic Interactions in Eurasia, 7th to 1st Millennia BC. Oxford, 158–174.Google Scholar
Bachhuber, C. 2018. ‘The Rationality and Mutability of Bullion in Hoard Deposits’, in Yalçın, Ü ed., Anatolian Metal VIII: Eliten–Handwerk–Prestigegüter. Bochum, 269–279.Google Scholar
Bagg, A. M. 2013. ‘Palestine under Assyrian Rule: A New Look at the Assyrian Imperial Policy in the West’, Journal of the American Oriental Society 133 (1), 119–144.Google Scholar
Baines, J. 1999. ‘On Wenamun As a Literary Text’, in Assmann, J., and Blumenthal, E. eds., Literatur und Politik im pharaonischen und ptolemäischen Ägypten: Vorträge der Tagung zum Gedenken an Georges Posener 5.–10. September 1996 in Leipzig. Cairo, 209–233.Google Scholar
Balmuth, M. S. 1964. ‘Forerunners of Coinage: Observations on the Monetary Forerunners of Coinage in the Aegean and the Near East with Special Reference to the Origins of Coinage’, PhD dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Balmuth, M. S. 1967. ‘The Monetary Forerunners of Coinage in Phoenicia and Palestine’, in Kindler, A. ed., International Numismatic Convention: Jerusalem, 27–31 December 1963. The Patterns of Monetary Development in Phoenicia and Palestine in Antiquity. Proceedings. Tel Aviv, 25–32.Google Scholar
Balmuth, M. S. 1971. ‘Remarks on the Appearance of the Earliest Coins’, in Mitten, D. G., Pedley, J. G., and Scott, J. A. eds., Studies Presented to George M. A. Hanfmann. Monographs in Art and Archaeology. Mainz, 1–7.Google Scholar
Balmuth, M. S. 1975. ‘The Critical Moment: The Transition from Currency to Coinage in the Eastern Mediterranean’, World Archaeology 6 (3), 293–298.Google Scholar
Balmuth, M. S. 1976. ‘Jewellers’ Hoards and the Development of Early Coinage’, in Cahn, H. A., and Le Rider, G. eds., Proceedings of the 8th International Congress of Numismatics, New York and Washington, September 1973. Paris, 27–30.Google Scholar
Balmuth, M. S. ed. 2001a. Hacksilber to Coinage: New Insights into the Monetary History of the Near East and Greece. A Collection of Eight Papers Presented at the 99th Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America. Numismatic studies no. 24. New York.Google Scholar
Balmuth, M. S. 2001b. ‘Commentary’, in Balmuth, M. S. ed., Hacksilber to Coinage: New Insights into the Monetary History of the Near East and Greece. A Collection of Eight Papers Presented at the 99th Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America. Numismatic studies no. 24. New York, 13–17.Google Scholar
Balmuth, M. S., and Thompson, C. M. 2000. ‘Hacksilber: Recent Approaches to the Study of Hoards of Uncoined Silver: Laboratory Analyses and Geographical Distribution’, in Kluge, B., and Weisser, B. eds., Akten XII: Internationaler Numismatischer Kongress, Berlin 1997. Berlin, 159–169.Google Scholar
Bass, G. F. 2010. ‘Cape Gelidonya Shipwreck’, in Cline, E. H. ed., The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000–1000 BC). New York; Oxford, 797–803.Google Scholar
Bassiakos, Y., Nerantzis, N., and Papadopoulos, S. 2019. ‘Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age Metallurgical Practices at Limenaria, Thasos: Evidence for Silver and Copper Production’, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 11 (6), 2743–2757.Google Scholar
Bats, M., and D’Agostino, B. eds. 1998. Euboica: l’Eubea e la presenza euboica in Calcidica e in Occidente: atti del convegno internazionale di Napoli, 13–16 novembre 1996. Napoli.Google Scholar
Beazley, J. D., and Payne, H. G. G. 1929. ‘Attic Black-Figured Fragments from Naucratis’, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 49 (2), 253–272.Google Scholar
Bell, M. R. 1986. ‘A Hittite Pendant from Amarna’, American Journal of Archaeology 90 (2), 145–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-Dor Evian, S. 2011. ‘Egypt and the Levant in the Iron Age I–IIA: The Ceramic Evidence’, Tel Aviv 38 (1), 94–119.Google Scholar
Ben-Dor Evian, S. 2017. ‘Egypt and Israel: The Never-Ending Story’, Near Eastern Archaeology 80 (1), 30–39.Google Scholar
Ben-Shlomo, D., and Van Beek, G. W. 2014. ‘Introduction’, in Ben-Shlomo, D., and Van Beek, G. W. eds., The Smithsonian Institution Excavation at Tell Jemmeh, Israel, 1970–1990. Smithsonian contributions to anthropology. Washington, DC, 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-Yosef, E. 2019. ‘Archaeological Science Brightens Mediterranean Dark Age’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 116 (13), 5843.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berlejung, A. 2012. ‘The Assyrians in the West: Assyrianization, Colonialism, Indifference, or Development Policy?’, in Nissinen, M. ed., Congress Volume Helsinki 2010. Leiden, 21–60.Google Scholar
Bienkowski, P. 1989. ‘Prosperity and Decline in LBA Canaan: A Reply to Liebowitz and Knapp’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 275, 59–63.Google Scholar
Bienkowski, P., and Steen, E. V. D. 2001. ‘Tribes, Trade, and Towns: A New Framework for the Late Iron Age in Southern Jordan and the Negev’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 323, 21–47.Google Scholar
Bissa, E. M. A. 2009. Governmental Intervention in Foreign Trade in Archaic and Classical Greece. Mnemosyne. Supplements. Leiden; Boston.Google Scholar
Bivar, A. D. H. 1971. ‘A Hoard of Ingot-Currency of the Median Period from Nūsh-i Jān, near Malayir’, Iran 9, 97–111.Google Scholar
Bivar, A. D. H. 1982. ‘Bent Bars and Straight Bars: An Appendix to the Mir Zakah Hoard’, Studia Iranica 11, 49–60.Google Scholar
Bjorkman, J. K. 1994. ‘Hoards and Deposits in Bronze Age Mesopotamia’, PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. University Microfilms International. Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Blandin, B. 2007. Eretria XVII. Les pratiques funéraires d’époque géométrique à Érétrie: espace des vivants, demeures des morts. Gollion.Google Scholar
Bloch, M. 1967. ‘Natural Economy or Money Economy: A Pseudo-Dilemma’, in Anderson, J. E. trans. (from French) and ed., Land and Work in Medieval Europe. London, 230–247.Google Scholar
Bloch, M., and Parry, J. 1989. ‘Introduction: Money and the Morality of Exchange’, in Parry, J., and Bloch, M. eds., Money and the Morality of Exchange. Cambridge, 1–32.Google Scholar
Blok, J., and Lardinois, A. P. M. H. 2006. Solon of Athens: New Historical and Philological Approaches. Mnemosyne. Supplementum. Leiden.Google Scholar
Boardman, J. 1967. ‘The Khaniale Tekke Tombs, II’, The Annual of the British School at Athens 62, 57–75.Google Scholar
Boardman, J. 2005. ‘The Knossos Tekke Jewellery Hoards’, in Gigli, R. ed., Megalai Nēsoi: studi dedicati a Giovanni Rizza per il suo ottantesimo compleanno. Catania, 163–166.Google Scholar
Bobokhyan, A. 2006. ‘Identifying Balance Weights and Weight Systems in Bronze Age Troia: Preliminary ReFlections’, in Alberti, M. E., Ascalone, E., and Peyronel, L. eds., Weights in Context: Bronze Age Weighing Systems of Eastern Mediterranean: Chronology, Typology, Material and Archaeological contexts. Proceedings of the International colloquium, Roma, 22–24 November 2004. Rome, 71–125.Google Scholar
Bohannan, P. 1955. ‘Some Principles of Exchange and Investment among the Tiv’, American Anthropologist 57 (1), 60–70.Google Scholar
Bohannan, P. 1959. ‘The Impact of Money on an African Subsistence Economy’, The Journal of Economic History 19 (4), 491–503.Google Scholar
Bohannan, P., and Bohannan, L. 1968. Tiv Economy. Northwestern University African Studies. Evanston.Google Scholar
Bongenaar, A. C. V. M. 1999. ‘Money in the Neo-Babylonian Institutions’, in Dercksen, J. G. ed., Trade and Finance in Ancient Mesopotamia: Proceeding of the First MOS Symposium (Leiden, 1997). Leiden, 159–174.Google Scholar
Borek, N. 2020. ‘More Than Just Coins: A Metrological Approach to Studying Coin Hoards from the Western Mediterranean c.550−480 BCE’, in Heymans, E. D., and Termeer, M. K. eds., Politics of Value: New Approaches to Early Money and the State – Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Cologne/Bonn 2018 (panel 5.11). Heidelberg, 13–24.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. 1970. ‘The Berber House or the World Reversed’, Social Science Information 9 (2), 151–170.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Brandherm, D., Heymans, E. D., and Hofmann, D. 2018. ‘Introduction: Comparing Currency and Circulation Systems in Past Societies’, in Brandherm, D., Heymans, E. D., and Hofmann, D. eds., Gifts, Goods and Money – Comparing Currency and Circulation Systems in Past Societies. Oxford, 1–8.Google Scholar
Brandl, B. 1993. ‘Clay, Bone, Metal and Stone Objects’, in Finkelstein, I., Bunimovitz, S., and Lederman, Z. eds., Shiloh: The Archaeology of a Biblical Site. Tel-Aviv, 223–262.Google Scholar
Bräuning, A., and Kilian-Dirlmeier, I. 2013. Die eisenzeitlichen Grabhügel von Vergina: Die Ausgrabungen von Photis Petsas 1960–1961. Monographien des Römisch-germanischen Zentralmuseums. Mainz.Google Scholar
Breniquet, C., and Michel, C. 2014. Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean. Ancient Textiles Series. Oxford.Google Scholar
Bresson, A. 2009. ‘Electrum Coins, Currency Exchange and Transaction Costs in Archaic and Classical Greece’, Revue Belge de Numismatique 155, 71–80.Google Scholar
Bresson, A. 2016. The Making of the Ancient Greek Economy: Institutions, Markets, and Growth in the City-States. Princeton.Google Scholar
Briend, J. 1980. ‘Les Niveaux 9–11 (Fer I)’, in Briend, J., and Humbert, J. eds., Tell Keisan (1971–1976): Une cite phenicienne en Galilee. Orbis biblicus et orientalis. Fribourg; Paris, 197–215.Google Scholar
Broshi, M. 1974. ‘The Expansion of Jerusalem in the Reigns of Hezekiah and Manasseh’, Israel Exploration Journal 24 (1), 21–26.Google Scholar
Broshi, M., and Finkelstein, I. 1992. ‘The Population of Palestine in Iron Age II’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 287, 47–60.Google Scholar
Brown, A. 1998. ‘Homeric Talents and the Ethics of Exchange’, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 118, 165–172.Google Scholar
Buchner, G. 1970–1971. ‘Recent Work at Pithekoussai (Ischia), 1965–71’, Archaeological Reports 17, 63–67.Google Scholar
Buchner, G., and Gialanella, C. 1994. Museo archeologico di Pithecusae, isola d’Ischia. Rome.Google Scholar
Bunimovitz, S. 1994. ‘Socio-Political Transformations in the Central Hill Country in the Late Bronze-Iron I Transition’, in Finkelstein, I., and Naʾaman, N. eds., From Nomadism to Monarchy: Archaeological and Historical Aspects of Early Israel. Jerusalem; Washington, DC, 179–202.Google Scholar
Bunimovitz, S., and Finkelstein, I. 1993. ‘Pottery’, in Finkelstein, I., Bunimovitz, S., and Lederman, Z. eds., Shiloh: The Archaeology of a Biblical Site. Tel-Aviv, 81–196.Google Scholar
Bunimovitz, S., and Lederman, Z. 2011. ‘Canaanite Resistance: The Philistines and Beth-Shemesh – A Case Study from Iron Age I’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 364, 37–51.Google Scholar
Byrne, R. 2003. ‘Early Assyrian Contacts with Arabs and the Impact on Levantine Vassal Tribute’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 331, 11–25.Google Scholar
Cahill, N., Hari, J., Önay, B., and Dokumacı, E. 2020. ‘Depletion Gilding of Lydian Electrum Coins and the Sources of Lydian Gold’, in van Alfen, P., Wartenberg, U., Fischer-Bossert, W., Gitler, H., Konuk, K., and Lorber, C. C. eds., White Gold: Studies in Early Electrum Coinage. New York and Jerusalem, 291–336.Google Scholar
Cairns, F. 1984. ‘χρέματα δόκιμα: IG XII,9,1273 and 1274 and the Early Coinage of Eretria’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 54, 145–155.Google Scholar
Cairns, F. 1991. ‘The “Laws of Eretria” (“IG” XII. 9 1273 and 1274): Epigraphic, Legal, Historical, and Political Aspects’, Phoenix 45 (4), 296–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calder, W. M. 1984. ‘Gold for Bronze. Iliad 6.232–36’, in Rigsby, K. J. ed., Studies Presented to Sterling Dow on His Eightieth Birthday. Durham, 31–35.Google Scholar
Campbell, E. F. 2002. Shechem III: The Stratigraphy and Architecture of Shechem/Tell Balatah. Volume 1: Text. ASOR Archaeological Reports, no. 6. Boston.Google Scholar
Cantarella, E. 2005. ‘Gender, Sexuality, and Law’, in Gagarin, M., and Cohen, D. eds., The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Greek Law. Cambridge Companions to the Ancient World. Cambridge, 236–253.Google Scholar
Caubet, A., and Yon, M. 2001. ‘Une coupe inscrite en chypro-minoen à Ras Shamra et les “trésors” d’Ougarit’, in Fischer, P. M. ed., Contributions to the Archaeology and History of the Bronze and Iron Ages in the Eastern Mediterranean. Studies in Honour of Paul Åström. Vienna, 149–157.Google Scholar
Černý, J. 1933. ‘Fluctuations in Grain Prices during the Twentieth Egyptian Dynasty’, Archív orientalní 6 (1), 173–178.Google Scholar
Černý, J. 1952. Paper & Books in Ancient Egypt: An Inaugural Lecture Delivered at University College, London, 29 May, 1947. London.Google Scholar
Clay, J. S., Malkin, I., and Tzifopoulos, Y. 2017. Panhellenes at Methone: Graphê in Late Geometric and Protoarchaic Methone, Macedonia (ca 700 BCE). Trends in Classics – Supplementary Volumes. Berlin.Google Scholar
Cline, E. H. 2014. 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed. Turning Points in Ancient History. Princeton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coase, R. 2012. ‘Saving Economics from the Economists’, Harvard Business Review 90 (12), 36.Google Scholar
Cohen, D. 2005. ‘Theories of Punishment’, in Gagarin, M., and Cohen, D. eds., The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Greek Law. Cambridge Companions to the Ancient World. Cambridge, 170–190.Google Scholar
Coldstream, J. N. 1983. ‘Gift Exchange in the Eighth Century BC’, in Hägg, R. ed., The Greek Renaissance of the Eighth Century B.C.: Tradition and Innovation: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium at the Swedish Institute in Athens, 1–5 June, 1981. Acta Instituti Atheniensis Regni Sueciae. Stockholm; Lund, 201–228.Google Scholar
Coldstream, J. N. 1995. ‘The Rich Lady of the Areiopagos and Her Contemporaries: A Tribute in Memory of Evelyn Lord Smithson’, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 64 (4), 391–403.Google Scholar
Coldstream, J. N. [1977] 2003. Geometric Greece, 900–700 B.C. Classical Archaeology/Ancient History. London.Google Scholar
Coldstream, J. N. 2008. ‘Early Greek Exports to Phoenicia and the East Mediterranean’, in Doumet-Serhal, C. ed., Networking Patterns of the Bronze and Iron Age Levant: The Lebanon and Its Mediterranean Connections. Beirut, 167–188.Google Scholar
Coldstream, J. N., and Catling, H. W. 1996. Knossos North Cemetery: Early Greek Tombs. The British School of Archaeology at Athens: Suppl. vol. London.Google Scholar
Collard, C., and Cropp, M. J. 2008. Euripides: Fragments. Oedipus-Chrysippus; Other Fragments. The Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA; London.Google Scholar
Collard, C., Cropp, M. J., and Gibert, J. 2004. Euripides: Selected Fragmentary Plays. Vol. 2. The Plays of Euripides. Warminster.Google Scholar
Cook, E. 2004. ‘Near Eastern Sources for the Palace of Alkinoos’, American Journal of Archaeology 108 (1), 43–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, R. M. 1958. ‘Speculations on the Origins of Coinage’, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 7 (3), 257–262.Google Scholar
Coulson, W. D. E. 1983. ‘The Architecture’, in McDonald, W. A., Coulson, W. D. E., and Rosser, J. eds., Excavations at Nichoria in Southwest Greece. Vol. 3. Dark Age and Byzantine Occupation. Minneapolis, 9–60.Google Scholar
Courbin, P. 1983. ‘Obéloi d’Argolide et d’allieurs’, in Hägg, R. ed., The Greek Renaissance of the Eighth Century B.C.: Tradition and Innovation: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium at the Swedish Institute in Athens, 1–5 June, 1981. Acta Instituti Atheniensis Regni Sueciae. Stockholm; Lund, 149–156.Google Scholar
Courtois, J. 1990. ‘Poids, prix, taxes et slaires à Ougarit (Syrie) au IIe millénaire’, in Gyselen, R. ed., Res orientales II: Prix, salaires, poids et mesures. Paris; Leuven, 119–127.Google Scholar
Craddock, P. T. 2000a. ‘Reconstruction of the Salt Cementation Process at the Sardis Refinery’, in Ramage, A., and Craddock, P. T. eds., King Croesus’ Gold: Excavations at Sardis and the History of Gold Refining. Monograph/Archaeological Exploration of Sardis. Cambridge, MA, 200–211.Google Scholar
Craddock, P. T. 2000b. ‘Assaying in Antiquity’, in Ramage, A., and Craddock, P. T. eds., King Croesus’ Gold: Excavations at Sardis and the History of Gold Refining. Monograph/Archaeological Exploration of Sardis. Cambridge, MA, 245–250.Google Scholar
Crawford, M. H. 1985. Coinage and Money under the Roman Republic: Italy and the Mediterranean Economy. London.Google Scholar
Crewe, L. 2008. ‘Enkomi’, in Kiely, T. ed., Ancient Cyprus in the British Museum. British Museum Online Research Catalogue. www.britishmuseum.org/system_pages/holding_area/ancient_cyprus_british_museum.aspx.Google Scholar
Crump, T. 1990. The Anthropology of Numbers. Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Culican, W. 1966. The First Merchant Venturers: The Ancient Levant in History and Commerce. London.Google Scholar
Czichon, R. M., and Werner, P. 1998. Tall Munbaqa-Ekalte 1: Die Bronzezeitlichen Kleinfunde. Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichung der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 97. Saarbrucken.Google Scholar
Dakoronia, F. 1989. ‘Krikoi – Pronomismatikes morfes geometrikes epoches’, Archaiologike Ephemeris 128, 115–120.Google Scholar
Davies, G. 2002. A History of Money: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. Third edition (first edition, 1994). Cardiff.Google Scholar
Davies, J. K. 2001. ‘Temples, Credit, and the Circulation of Money’, in Meadows, A., and Shipton, K. M. W. eds., Money and Its Uses in the Ancient Greek World. Oxford, 117–128.Google Scholar
Davies, J. K. 2005. ‘The Gortyn Laws’, in Gagarin, M., and Cohen, D. eds., The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Greek Law. Cambridge Companions to the Ancient World. Cambridge, 305–327.Google Scholar
Davies, J. K. 2016. ‘Towards a General Model of Long-Distance Trade: Aromatics As a Case Study’, in Harris, E. M., Lewis, D. M., and Woolmer, M. eds., The Ancient Greek Economy: Markets, Households and City-States. New York, 299–315.Google Scholar
Davis, G. 2011. ‘Axones and Kurbeis: A New Answer to an Old Problem’, Historia 60 (1), 1–35.Google Scholar
de Jong, I. J. F. 2001. A Narratological Commentary on the Odyssey. Cambridge; New York.Google Scholar
Dercksen, J. G. 1996. The Old Assyrian Copper Trade in Anatolia. Uitgaven van het Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul. Istanbul.Google Scholar
Dercksen, J. G. ed. 1999. Trade and Finance in Ancient Mesopotamia: Proceedings of the First MOS Symposium (Leiden, 1997). Mos Studies 1. Leiden.Google Scholar
Descat, R. 2001. ‘Monnaie multiple et monnaie frappée en Grèce archaïque’, Revue numismatique 6 (157), 69–81.Google Scholar
Descœudres, J.-P. 2008. ‘Central Greece on the Eve of the Colonisation Movement’, in Tsetskhladze, G. R. ed., Greek Colonisation: An Account of Greek Colonies and Other Settlements Overseas. Vol. 2. Mnemosyne, bibliotheca classica Batava. Leiden; Boston, 289–382.Google Scholar
Dever, W. G. 2001. ‘The Silver Trail: Response to the Papers of Ephraim Stern and Seymour Gitin’, in Balmuth, M. S. ed., Hacksilber to Coinage: New Insights into the Monetary History of the Near East and Greece. A Collection of Eight Papers Presented at the 99th Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America. Numismatic studies no. 24. New York, 49–51.Google Scholar
Dickinson, O. T. P. K. 2006. The Aegean from Bronze Age to Iron Age: Continuity and Change between the Twelfth and Eighth Centuries BC. London.Google Scholar
Dignas, B. 2002. Economy and the Sacred in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor. Oxford Classical Monographs. Oxford.Google Scholar
Dillian, C. D., and White, C. L. 2010. Trade and Exchange: Archaeological Studies from History and Prehistory. New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domínguez Monedero, A. J. 2011. ‘The Circulation of Money and Coins in Archaic Greece: The Example of Sanctuaries’, in García-Bellido, M. P., Callegarin, L., and Diéz, A. J. eds., Barter, Money and Coinage in the Ancient Mediterranean (10th–1st centuries BC). Madrid, 43–64.Google Scholar
Donlan, W. 1989. ‘The Unequal Exchange between Glaucus and Diomedes in Light of the Homeric Gift-Economy’, Phoenix 43 (1), 1–15.Google Scholar
Dorward, D. C. 1976. ‘Precolonial Tiv Trade and Cloth Currency’, The International Journal of African Historical Studies 9 (4), 576–591.Google Scholar
Dothan, M. 1981. ‘Sanctuaries along the Coast of Canaan in the MB Period: Nahariyah’, in Biran, A. ed., Temples and High places in Biblical Times: Proceedings of the Colloquium in Honor of the Centennial of Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, Jerusalem, 14–16 March 1977. Jerusalem, 74–81.Google Scholar
Dothan, M. 1992. ‘Acco’, in Freedman, D. N. ed., The Anchor Bible Dictionary. vol. 1. New York, 50–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, M. [1958] 1982b. ‘Raffia Cloth Distribution in the Lele Economy’, in Douglas, M. ed., In the Active Voice. London, 38–56.Google Scholar
Douglas, M. [1967] 1982c. ‘Primitive Rationing’, in Douglas, M. ed., In the Active Voice. London, 57–81.Google Scholar
Dressel, H., and Regling, K. 1927. ‘Zwei ägyptische Funde altgriechischer Silbermünzen’, Zeitschrift für Numismatik 37, 1–138.Google Scholar
Earle, T. 2010. ‘Exchange Systems in Prehistory’, in Dillian, C. D., and White, C. L. eds., Trade and Exchange: Archaeological Studies from History and Prehistory. New York, 205–217.Google Scholar
Edel, E. 1997. Der Vertrag zwischen Ramses II. von Ägypten und Ḫattušili III. von Ḫatti. Berlin.Google Scholar
Egberts, A. 2001. ‘Wenamun’, in Redford, D. B. ed., The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Oxford, 495–496.Google Scholar
Einzig, P. [1949] 1966. Primitive Money in Its Ethnological, Historical and Economic aspects. Oxford.Google Scholar
Eissfeldt, O. 1937. ‘Eine Einschmelzstelle am Tempel zu Jerusalem’, Forschungen und Forschritte 13, 163–164.Google Scholar
Elat, M. 1979. ‘The Monarchy and the Development of Trade in Ancient Israel’, in Lipiński, E. ed., State and Temple Economy in the Ancient Near East: Proceedings of the International Conference Organized by the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven from the 10th to the 14th of April 1978. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Leuven, 527–546.Google Scholar
Elat, M. 1982. ‘The Impact of Tribute and Booty on Countries and People within the Assyrian Empire’, Archiv für Orientforschung, Beiheft 19, 244–251.Google Scholar
Engelbach, R. 1924. ‘The Treasure of Athribis (Benha)’, Annales du service des antiquités de l’Égypt 24, 181–185.Google Scholar
Engen, D. T. 2005. ‘“Ancient Greenbacks”: Athenian Owls, the Law of Nikophon, and the Greek Economy’, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 54 (4), 359–381.Google Scholar
Eran, A. 1990. ‘Appendix: A Metrological Consideration of the Eshtemoa Hoard’, ‘Atiqot (Hebrew Series) 10, 58–60 (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Eriksen, T. H. [1995] 2001. Small Places, Large Issues: An Introduction to Social and Cultural Anthropology. Second edition. Anthropology, Culture and Society. London.Google Scholar
Eshel, T. 2014. ‘Four Iron Age Silver Hoards from Northern Israel – Comparative Study.’ Unpublished MA thesis, University of Haifa. (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Eshel, T., Erel, Y., Yahalom-Mack, N., Tirosh, O., and Gilboa, A. 2019. ‘Lead Isotopes in Silver Reveal Earliest Phoenician Quest for Metals in the West Mediterranean’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116 (13), 6007–6012.Google Scholar
Eshel, T., Yahalom-Mack, N., Shalev, S., Tirosh, O., Erel, Y., and Gilboa, A. 2018. ‘Four Iron Age Silver Hoards from Southern Phoenicia: From Bundles to Hacksilber’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 379, 197–228.Google Scholar
Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1940. The Nuer: A Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a Nilotic People. Oxford.Google Scholar
Fantalkin, A. 2001. ‘Mezad Hashavyahu: Its Material Culture and Historical Background’, Tel Aviv 28 (1), 3–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fantalkin, A. 2004. ‘The Final Destruction of Beth Shemesh and the Pax Assyriaca in the Judahite Shephelah: An Alternative View’, Tel Aviv 31 (2), 245–261.Google Scholar
Fantalkin, A. 2006. ‘Identity in the Making: Greeks in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Iron Age’, in Villing, A., and Schlotzhauer, U. eds., Naukratis: Greek Diversity in Egypt. Studies on East Greek Pottery and Exchange in the Eastern Mediterranean. The British Museum Research Publication. London, 199–208.Google Scholar
Fantalkin, A. 2008a. ‘Contacts between the Greek World and the Southern Levant during the Seventh-Sixth Centuries BCE’, PhD dissertation, Tel Aviv University. (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Fantalkin, A. 2008b. ‘The Appearance of Rock-Cut Bench Tombs in Iron Age Judah As a Reflection of State Formation’, in Fantalkin, A., and Yasur-Landau, A. eds., Bene Israel: Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and the Levant during the Bronze and Iron Ages in Honour of Israel Finkelstein. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East. Leiden; Boston, 17–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fantalkin, A. 2011. ‘Why Did Nebuchadnezzar II Destroy Ashkelon in Kislev 604 BCE’, in Finkelstein, I., and Naʾaman, N. eds., The Fire Signals of Lachish: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Israel in the Late Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Persian Period in Honor of David Ussishkin. Winona Lake, 87–111.Google Scholar
Fantalkin, A. 2014. ‘Naukratis as a Contact Zone: Revealing the Lydian Connection’, in Rollinger, R., and Schnegg, K. eds., Kulturkontakte in Antiken Welten: Vom Denkmodell zum Fallbeispiel: Proceedings des internationalen Kolloquiums aus Anlass des 60. Geburtstagesvon Christoph Ulf, Innsbruck, 26. bis 30. Januar 2009. Colloquia antiqua. Leuven, 27–51.Google Scholar
Fantalkin, A. 2015. ‘Coarse Kitchen and Household Pottery As an Indicator for Egyptian Presence in the Southern Levant: A Diachronic Perspective’, in Spataro, M., and Villing, A. eds., Ceramics, Cuisine and Culture: The Archaeology and Science of Kitchen Pottery in the Ancient Mediterranean World. Oxford; Philadelphia, 233–241.Google Scholar
Fantalkin, A., and Finkelstein, I. 2006. ‘The Sheshonq I Campaign and the 8th-Century BCE Earthquake – More on the Archaeology and History of the South in the Iron I–IIa’, Tel Aviv 33 (1), 18–42.Google Scholar
Fantalkin, A., and Tal, O. 2009. ‘Re-Discovering the Iron Age Fortress at Tell Qudadi in the Context of Neo-Assyrian Imperialistic Policies’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 141 (3), 188–206.Google Scholar
Fappas, I. 2012. ‘Precious Gifts and the Circulation of Oils in the Ancient Eastern Mediterranean’, Talanta 44, 157–182.Google Scholar
Faust, A. 2011. ‘The Interests of the Assyrian Empire in the West: Olive Oil Production As a Test-Case’, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 54 (1), 62–86.Google Scholar
Faust, A., and Weiss, E. 2005. ‘Judah, Philistia, and the Mediterranean World: Reconstructing the Economic System of the Seventh Century B.C.E’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (338), 71–92.Google Scholar
Faust, A., and Weiss, E. 2011. ‘Between Assyria and the Mediterranean World: The Prosperity of Judah and Philistia in the Seventh Century BCE in Context’, in Wilkinson, T. C., Sherratt, E. S., and Bennet, J. eds., Interweaving Worlds: Systemic Interactions in Eurasia, 7th to 1st millennia BC. Oxford, 189–204.Google Scholar
Felsch, R. C., Kienast, H., and Schuler, H. 1980. ‘Apollon und Artemis oder Artemis und Apollon? Bericht von den Grabungen im neu entdeckten Heiligtum bei Kalapodi 1973–1977’, Archäologischer Anzeiger, 38–123.Google Scholar
Felsch, R. C. S. 2007. Kalapodi II. Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen im Heiligtum der Artemis und des Apollon von Hyampolis in der antiken Phokis. Mainz.Google Scholar
Felsch, R. C. S., and Siewert, P. 1987. ‘Inschriften aus dem Heiligtum von Hyampolis bei Kalapodi’, Archäologische Anzeiger, 681–687.Google Scholar
Ferguson, N. 2008. The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World. London; New York.Google Scholar
Fergusson, A. [1975] 2010. When Money Dies: The Nightmare of Deficit Spending, Devaluation, and Hyperinflation in Weimar Germany. New York.Google Scholar
Figueira, T. J. 1981. Aegina: Society and Politics. Monographs in Classical Studies. Salem.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I. 1994. ‘The Archaeology of the Days of Manasseh’, in Coogan, M. D., Exum, J. C., and Stager, L. E. eds., Scripture and Other Artifacts: Essays on the Bible and Archaeology in Honor of Philip J. King. Louisville, 169–187.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I. 1996. ‘The Archaeology of the United Monarchy: An Alternative View’, Levant 28 (1), 177–187.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I. 1999. ‘State Formation in Israel and Judah: A Contrast in Context, a Contrast in Trajectory’, Near Eastern Archaeology 62 (1), 35–52.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I. 2001. ‘The Rise of Jerusalem and Judah: The Missing Link’, Levant 33 (1), 105–115.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I. 2003. ‘City-States to States: Polity Dynamics in the 10th–9th Centuries BCE’, in Dever, W. G., and Gitin, S. eds., Symbiosis, Symbolism, and the Power of the Past: Canaan, Ancient Israel, and Their Neighbors from the Late Bronze Age through Roman Palaestina. Winona Lake, 75–84.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I. 2008. ‘The Settlement History of Jerusalem in the Eighth and Seventh Centuries BC’, Revue biblique 115 (4), 499–515.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I. 2010. ‘Kadesh Barnea: A Reevaluation of Its Archaeology and History’, Tel Aviv 37 (1), 111–125.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I. 2013. The Forgotten Kingdom: The Archaeology and History of Northern Israel. Atlanta.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I. 2014a. ‘The Archaeology of Tell el-Kheleifeh and the History of Ezion-geber/Elath’, Semitica 56, 105–136.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I. 2014b. ‘The Southern Steppe of the Levant ca. 1050–750 BCE: A Framework for a Territorial History’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 146 (2), 89–104.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I. 2015. ‘Migration of Israelites into Judah after 720 BCE: An Answer and an Update’, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 127, 188–206.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I. 2019. ‘First Israel, Core Israel, United (Northern) Israel’, Near Eastern Archaeology 82 (1), 8–15.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I., and Brandl, B. 1985. ‘A Group of Metal Objects from Shiloh’, Israel Museum Journal 4, 17–26.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I., and Fantalkin, A. 2012. ‘Khirbet Qeiyafa: An Unsensational Archaeological and Historical Interpretation’, Tel Aviv 39 (1), 38–63.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I., and Lederman, Z. 1993. ‘Area H-F: Middle Bronze III Fortifications and Storerooms’, in Finkelstein, I., Bunimovitz, S., and Lederman, Z. eds., Shiloh: The Archaeology of a Biblical Site. Tel Aviv, 49–64.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I., and Naʾaman, N. 2004. ‘The Judahite Shephelah in the Late 8th and Early 7th Centuries BCE’, Tel Aviv 31 (1), 60–79.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I., and Piasetzky, E. 2008. ‘Radiocarbon and the History of Copper Production at Khirbet En-Nahas’, Tel Aviv 35 (1), 82–95.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I., and Piasetzky, E. 2011. ‘The Iron Age Chronology Debate: Is the Gap Narrowing?’, Near Eastern Archaeology 74 (1), 50–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finkelstein, I., and Römer, T. 2014. ‘Comments on the Historical Background of the Jacob Narrative in Genesis’, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 126 (3), 317–338.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I., and Sass, B. 2013. ‘The West Semitic Alphabetic Inscriptions, Late Bronze II to Iron IIA: Archeological Context, Distribution and Chronology’, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel 2 (2), 149–220.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I., and Silberman, N. A. 2006. David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible’s Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition. New York; London.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I., and Singer-Avitz, L. 2009. ‘The Pottery of Khirbet En-Nahas: A Rejoinder’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 141 (3), 207–218.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I., Zapassky, E., Gadot, Y., Master, D. M., Stager, L. E., and Benenson, I. 2011. ‘Phoenician “Torpedo” Amphoras and Egypt: Standardization of Volume Based on Linear Dimensions’, Ägypten und Levante/Egypt and the Levant 21, 249–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Firth, R. 1957. ‘The Place of Malinowski in the History of Economic Anthropology’, in Firth, R. ed., Man and Culture: An Evaluation of the Work of Bronislaw Malinowski. London, 209–228.Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick, S. M. 2002. ‘A Massive Undertaking: Examining Stone Money in Its Archaeological Context’, Antiquity 76 (292), 331–332.Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick, S. M. 2016. ‘The Famous Stone Money of Yap’, in Haselgrove, C., and Krmnicek, S. eds., The Archaeology of Money: Proceedings of the Workshop ‘Archaeology of Money’, University of Tubingen, October 2013. Leicester Archaeology Monograph 24. Leicester, 43–66.Google Scholar
Fletcher, R. N. 2012. ‘Opening the Mediterranean: Assyria, the Levant and the Transformation of Early Iron Age Rrade’, Antiquity 86 (331), 211–220.Google Scholar
Forgeau, A. 1986. ‘Scarabées, Scaraboïdes et Cônes’, in Amathonte III, Testimonia 3, L'orfèvrerie (R. Laffineur), avec la contribution d'A. Forgeau, Scarabées, Scaraboïdes et Cônes et A. Hermary, La coupe en argent du British Museum. Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations – École Française d'Athènes, ‘Mémoire’ no. 67, Études Chypriotes VII, 1986. Paris, 135–176.Google Scholar
Frankenstein, S. 1979. ‘The Phoenicians in the Far West: A Function of Neo-Assyrian Imperialism’, in Larsen, M. T. ed., Power and Propaganda: A Symposium on Ancient Eempires. Mesopotamia. Copenhagen, 263–294.Google Scholar
Frankfort, H., and Pendlebury, J. D. S. 1933. The City of Akhenaten. Memoir of the Egypt Exploration Society. London.Google Scholar
Furtwängler, A. 1890. Die Bronzen und die Übrigen kleineren Funde von Olympia. Olympia: die Ergebnisse der von dem Deutschen Reich veranstalteten ausgrabung, im Auftrage des Königlich Preussischen Ministers der geistlichen, unterrichts- und medicinal-Angelegenheiten. Berlin.Google Scholar
Furtwängler, A. 1986. ‘Neue Beobachtungen zur frühesten Münzprägung’, Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau 65, 153–165.Google Scholar
Gadot, Y. 2008. ‘Continuity and Change in the Late Bronze to Iron Age Transition in Israel’s Coastal Plain: A Long Term Perspective’, in Fantalkin, A., and Yasur-Landau, A. eds., Bene Israel: Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and the Levant during the Bronze and Iron Ages in Honour of Israel Finkelstein. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East. Leiden; Boston, 55–73.Google Scholar
Gagarin, M., and Perlman, P. J. 2016. The Laws of Ancient Crete c. 650–400 BCE. Oxford.Google Scholar
Gaimster, M. 2007. ‘Viking Economies: Evidence from the Silver Hoards’, in Graham-Campbell, J., and Williams, G. eds., Silver Economy in the Viking Age. Walnut Creek, 123–133.Google Scholar
Galán, J. M. 2005. Four Journeys in Ancient Egyptian Literature. Lingua aegyptia. Studia monographica. Göttingen.Google Scholar
Gale, N. H., Gentner, W., and Wagner, G. A. 1980. ‘Mineralogical and Geographical Silver Sources of Archaic Greek Coinage’, Metallurgy in Numismatics 1, 3–49.Google Scholar
Gale, N. H., Picard, O., and Barrandon, J. N. 1988. ‘The Archaic Thasian Silver Coinage’, in Wagner, G. A., and Weisgerber, G. eds., Antike Edel- und Buntmetallgewinnung auf Thasos. Der Anschnitt. Beiheft. Bochum, 212–240.Google Scholar
Gale, N. H., and Stos-Gale, Z. A. 1981. ‘Cycladic Lead and Silver Metallurgy’, The Annual of the British School at Athens 76, 169–224.Google Scholar
Gale, N. H., and Stos-Gale, Z. A. 1984. ‘Appendix V. Lead Isotope and Chemical Analyses of Silver, Lead and Copper Artefacts from Pyla-Kokkinokremos’, in Karageorghis, V., and Demas, M. eds., Pyla-Kokkinokremos: A Late 13th-Century B.C. Fortified Settlement in Cyprus. Nicosia, 96–101.Google Scholar
Gallant, T. W. 1982. ‘Agricultural Systems, Land Tenure, and the Reforms of Solon’, The Annual of the British School at Athens 77, 111–124.Google Scholar
Gangutia, E. 2011. ‘Barter, Money and Payment in Archaic Greek Lexicon’, in García-Bellido, M. P., Callegarin, L., and Diéz, A. J. eds., Barter, Money and Coinage in the Ancient Mediterranean (10th–1st centuries BC). Madrid, 33–42.Google Scholar
Garfinkel, Y., and Mendel-Geberovich, A. 2016. ‘The Administration of Judah in Light of the Geographical Distribution of Epigraphic Finds’, Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies 32, 33–44.Google Scholar
Georganas, I. 2005. ‘Weapons and Warfare in Early Iron Age Thessaly’, Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 5 (2), 63–74.Google Scholar
Gestoso Singer, G. 2010. ‘Forms of Payment in the Amarna Age and in the Uluburun and Cape Gelidonya Shipwrecks’, Ugarit-Forschungen 42, 261–277.Google Scholar
Gestoso Singer, G. 2013. ‘The Gold and Silver Hoard from Tell El-Amarna’, Aula Orientalis 31 (2), 249–259.Google Scholar
Gestoso Singer, G. 2015. ‘Small Ingots and Scrap Metal in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age’, in Mynářová, J., Onderka, P., and Pavúk, P. eds., There and Back Again: The Crossroads II: Proceedings of an International Conference Held in Prague, September 15–18, 2014. Prague, 85–127.Google Scholar
Gilbert, E. 2005. ‘Common Cents: Situating Money in Time and Place’, Economy and Society 34 (3), 357–88.Google Scholar
Gilboa, A. 2015. ‘Dor and Egypt in the Early Iron Age: An Archaeological Perspective of (Part of) the Wenamun Report’, Ägypten und Levante/Egypt and the Levant 25, 247–274.Google Scholar
Gilboa, A., and Sharon, I. 2008. ‘Between the Carmel and the Sea: Tel Dor’s Iron Age Reconsidered’, Near Eastern Archaeology 71 (3), 146–170.Google Scholar
Gilboa, A., Sharon, I., and Boaretto, E. 2008. ‘Tel Dor and the Chronology of Phoenician “Pre-Colonisation Stages”’, in Sagona, C. ed., Beyond the Homeland: Markers in Phoenician Chronology. Ancient Near Eastern Studies, suppl. 28. Leuven; Paris; Dudley, 113–204.Google Scholar
Gill, C., Postlethwaite, N., and Seaford, R. 1998. Reciprocity in Ancient Greece. Oxford.Google Scholar
Gimatzidis, S. 2010. Die Stadt Sindos: Eine Siedlung von der späten Bronze- bis zur klassischen Zeit am Thermaischen Golf in Makedonien. Prähistorische Archäologie in Südosteuropa. Rahden.Google Scholar
Gimatzidis, S. 2011a. ‘The Northwest Aegean in the Early Iron Age’, in Mazarakis Ainian, A. ed., The ‘Dark Ages’ Revisited: Acts of an International Symposium in Memory of William D. E. Coulson, University of Thessaly, Volos, 14–17 June 2007. Volos, 957–970.Google Scholar
Gimatzidis, S. 2011b. ‘Counting Sherds at Sindos: Pottery Consumption and Construction of Identities in the Iron Age’, in Verdan, S., Theurillat, T., and Kenzelmann Pfyffer, A. eds., Early Iron Age Pottery: A Quantitative Approach: Proceedings of the International Round Table Organized by the Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece (Athens, November 28–30, 2008). BAR International Series. Oxford, 97–110.Google Scholar
Gitin, S. 1989. ‘Tel Miqne-Ekron: A Type-Site for the Inner Coastal Plain in the Iron Age II Period’, in Gitin, S., and Dever, W. G. eds., Recent Excavations in Israel: Studies in Iron Age Archaeology. Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research. Vol. 49. Winona Lake, 23–58.Google Scholar
Gitin, S. 1995. ‘Tel Miqne-Ekron in the 7th Century BCE: The Impact of Economic Innovation and Foreign Cultural Influences on a Neo-Assyrian Vassal City-State’, in Gitin, S. ed., Recent Excavation in Israel. A View to the West. Reports on Kabri, Nami, Miqne-Ekron, Dor & Ashkelon. Dubuque, 61–79.Google Scholar
Gitin, S. 1997. ‘The Neo-Assyrian Empire and Its Western Periphery: The Levant, with a Focus on Philistine Ekron’, in Parpola, S., and Whiting, R. M. eds., Assyria 1995. Proceedings of the 10th Anniversary Symposium of the Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project. Helsinki, September 7–11, 1995. Helsinki, 77–103.Google Scholar
Gitin, S. 2003. ‘Neo-Assyrian and Egyptian Hegemony over Ekron in the Seventh Century BCE: A Response to Lawrence E. Stager’, Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies 27, 55*–61*.Google Scholar
Gitin, S., and Brandl, B. 2018. ‘An Iron Age II Cache of Phoenician Jewelry from Tel Miqne-Ekron’, in Shai, I., Chadwick, J. R., Hitchcock, L., Dagan, A., McKinny, C., and Uziel, J. eds., Tell It in Gath: Studies in the History and Archaeology of Israel. Essays in Honor of Aren M. Maeir on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday. Ägypten und Altes Testament 90. Münster, 294–303.Google Scholar
Gitin, S., and Golani, A. 2001. ‘The Tel Miqne-Ekron Silver Hoards: The Assyrian and Phoenician Connections’, in Balmuth, M. S. ed., Hacksilber to Coinage: New Insights into the Monetary History of the Near East and Greece. A Collection of Eight Papers Presented at the 99th Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America. Numismatic studies no. 24. New York, 27–48.Google Scholar
Gitin, S., and Golani, A. 2004. ‘A Silver-Based Monetary Economy in the Seventh Century BCE: A Response to Raz Kletter’, Levant 36 (1), 203–205.Google Scholar
Gitler, H. 2006. ‘A Hacksilber and Cut Athenian Tetradrachm Hoard from the Environs of Samaria: Late Fourth Century BCE’, Israel Numismatic Research 1, 5–14.Google Scholar
Gitler, H. 2012. ‘Introduction’, in Konuk, K., Lorber, C. C., and Gitler, H. eds., White Gold: Revealing the World’s Earliest Coins. Jerusalem, 7–10.Google Scholar
Gitler, H., and Tal, O. 2019. ‘Test Cuts on Philistian Rb’ Sheqels/Quarters: A Case Study’, Israel Numismatic Research 14, 3–24.Google Scholar
Gitler, H., and Tal, O. 2020. ‘A View from the Near East: The Transition from Metal to Coin Economy in the Southern Levant’, in van Alfen, P., Wartenberg, U., Fischer-Bossert, W., Gitler, H., Konuk, K., and Lorber, C. C. eds., White Gold: Studies in Early Electrum Coinage. New York and Jerusalem, 35–48.Google Scholar
Goetzmann, W. N. 2016. Money Changes Everything: How Finance Made Civilization Possible. Princeton.Google Scholar
Goffman, E. 1975. Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Golani, A. 1996. ‘The Jewelry and the Jeweler’s Craft at Tel Miqne-Ekron during the Iron Age’, unpublished MA dissertation, Hebrew University, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Golani, A. 2013. Jewelry from the Iron Age II Levant. Orbis biblicus et orientalis. Series archaeologica. Fribourg; Göttingen.Google Scholar
Golani, A., and Galili, E. 2015. ‘A Late Bronze Age Canaanite Merchant’s Hoard of Gold Artifacts and Hematite Weights from the Yavneh-Yam Anchorage, Israel’, Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 7 (2), 16–29.Google Scholar
Golani, A., and Sass, B. 1998. ‘Three Seventh-Century B.C.E. Hoards of Silver Jewelry from Tel Miqne-Ekron’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 311, 57–81.Google Scholar
Goldberg, D. 2005. ‘Famous Myths of “Fiat Money”’, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 37 (5), 957–967.Google Scholar
Gombrich, E. H. 1979. The Sense of Order: A Study in the Psychology of Decorative Art. Wrightsman lectures. Oxford.Google Scholar
Goodenough, J. 2011. ‘Exchange, Coin, and the Economy of the Greek Sanctuary’, DPhil thesis, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Gosden, C. 2004. Archaeology and Colonialism: Cultural Contact from 5000 B.C. to the Present. Topics in Contemporary Archaeology. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Goudsmit, S. 2004. The Limits of Money: Three Perceptions of Our Most Comprehensive Value System. Delft.Google Scholar
Graeber, D. 1996. ‘Beads and Money: Notes toward a Theory of Wealth and Power’, American Ethnologist 23 (1), 4–24.Google Scholar
Graeber, D. 2001. Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams. New York.Google Scholar
Graeber, D. 2009. ‘Debt, Violence, and Impersonal Markets: Polanyian Meditations’, in Hann, C. M., and Hart, K. eds., Market and Society: The Great Transformation Today. Cambridge, 106–132.Google Scholar
Graham, A. J. 1978. ‘The Foundation of Thasos’, The Annual of the British School at Athens 73, 61–98.Google Scholar
Graham, A. J. [1994] 2001. ‘Greek and Roman Settlements on the Black Sea Coasts: Historical Background’, in Graham, A. J. ed., Collected Papers on Greek Colonization. Leiden, 139–147.Google Scholar
Graham-Campbell, J. 1982. ‘Viking Silver Hoards: An Introduction’, in Farrell, R. T. ed., The Vikings. London, 32–41.Google Scholar
Graham-Campbell, J. 2007. ‘Reflections on “Silver Economy in the Viking Age”’, in Graham-Campbell, J., and Williams, G. eds., Silver Economy in the Viking Age. Walnut Creek, 215–223.Google Scholar
Graham-Campbell, J., and Williams, G. eds. 2007. Silver Economy in the Viking Age. Walnut Creek.Google Scholar
Graham-Campbell, J., Sindbæk, S. M., and Williams, G., eds. 2011. Silver Economies, Monetisation and Society in Scandinavia, AD 800–1100. Aarhus.Google Scholar
Gray, D. H. F. 1954. ‘Metal-Working in Homer’, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 74, 1–15.Google Scholar
Grayson, A. K. 1996. Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC. Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. Assyrian Periods. Toronto; London.Google Scholar
Grayson, A. K., and Novotny, J. R. 2012. The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704–681 BC), Part 1. The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period. Vol. 3/1. Winona Lake.Google Scholar
Green, J. D. M. 2009. ‘Forces of Transformation in Death: The Cemetery at Tell es-Sa’idiyeh, Jordan’, in Bachhuber, C., and Roberts, R. G. eds., Forces of Transformation: The End of the Bronze Age in the Mediterranean: Proceedings of an International Symposium Held at St. John’s College, University of Oxford, 25–6th March, 2006. Themes from the Ancient Near East BANEA Publication Series. Oxford; Oakville, 80–91.Google Scholar
Greenfield, J. C. 1985. ‘The Meaning of tkwnh’, in Iwry, S., Kort, A., and Morschauser, S. eds., Biblical and Related Studies Presented to Samuel Iwry. Winona Lake, 81–85.Google Scholar
Gregory, C. A. 1982. Gifts and Commodities. Studies in Political Economy. London; New York.Google Scholar
Gregory, C. A. 1983. ‘Kula Gift Exchange and Capitalist Commodity Exchange: A Comparison’, in Leach, J. W., and Leach, E. R. eds., The Kula: New Perspectives on Massim Exchange. Cambridge, 103–117.Google Scholar
Gregory, C. A. 1997. Savage Money: The Anthropology and Politics of Commodity Exchange. Studies in Anthropology and History. Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Guarducci, M. 1944–1945. ‘Tripodi, lebeti, oboli’, Rivista di Filologia classica 22–23, 171–180.Google Scholar
Guyer, J. I. 2004. Marginal Gains: Monetary Transactions in Atlantic Africa. The Lewis Henry Morgan lectures. Chicago.Google Scholar
Guyer, J. I. 2012. ‘Soft Currencies, Cash Economies, New Monies: Past and Present’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 (7), 2214–2221.Google Scholar
Haarer, P. S. 2000. ‘Obeloi and Iron in Archaic Greece’, DPhil dissertation, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Haarer, P. S. 2001. ‘Problematising the Transition from Bronze to Iron’, in Shortland, A. J. ed., The Social Context of Technological Change: Egypt and the Near East, 1650–1550 BC: Proceedings of a Conference Held at St. Edmund Hall, Oxford 12–14 September 2000. Oxford, 255–273.Google Scholar
Hägg, R. ed. 1983a. The Greek Renaissance of the Eighth century B.C.: Tradition and Innovation: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium at the Swedish Institute in Athens, 1–5 June, 1981. Acta Instituti Atheniensis Regni Sueciae. Stockholm; Lund.Google Scholar
Hägg, R. 1983b. ‘Preface’, in Hägg, R. ed., The Greek Renaissance of the Eighth Century B.C.: Rradition and Innovation: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium at the Swedish Institute in Athens, 1–5 June, 1981. Acta Instituti Atheniensis Regni Sueciae. Stockholm; Lund, 7–8.Google Scholar
Hall, E. 2016. ‘Hoarding at Tel Megiddo in the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age I’, unpublished MA thesis, Tel Aviv University.Google Scholar
Hall, J. M. 2007. A History of the Archaic Greek World, ca. 1200–479 BCE. Blackwell History of the Ancient World. Malden.Google Scholar
Hammond, N. G. L. 1998. ‘Eretria’s Colonies in the Area of the Thermaic Gulf’, The Annual of the British School at Athens 93, 393–399.Google Scholar
Hann, C. M., and Hart, K. 2011. Economic Anthropology: History, Ethnography, Critique. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hansen, M. H., and Nielsen, T. H. 2004. Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. Oxford.Google Scholar
Hårdh, B. 2007. ‘Hacksilver and Ingots’, in Skre, D. ed., Means of Exchange: Dealing with Silver in the Viking Age. Kaupang Excavation Project Publication Series. Aarhus, 95–118.Google Scholar
Harris, D. 1995. The Treasures of the Parthenon and Erechtheion. Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology. Oxford.Google Scholar
Harris, E. M. 2006. ‘Solon and the Spirit of the Laws in Archaic and Classical Greece’, in Blok, J., and Lardinois, A. P. M. H. eds., Solon of Athens: New Historical and Philological Approaches. Mnemosyne. Supplementum. Leiden, 290–318.Google Scholar
Harris, O. 1989. ‘The Earth and the State: The Sources and Meanings of Money in Northern Potosí, Bolivia’, in Parry, J., and Bloch, M. eds., Money and the Morality of Exchange. Cambridge, 232–268.Google Scholar
Harrison, T. P. 2004. Megiddo 3: Final Report on the Stratum VI Excavations. University of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications. Chicago.Google Scholar
Hart, K. 2005. ‘Money: One Anthropologist’s View’, in Carrier, J. G. ed., A Handbook of Economic Anthropology. Cheltenham, 160–175.Google Scholar
Hart, K. 2012. ‘In Rousseau’s Footsteps: David Graeber and the Anthropology of Unequal Society’. http://thememorybank.co.uk/2012/07/04/in-rousseaus-footsteps-david-graeber-and-the-anthropology-of-unequal-society-2/.Google Scholar
Hart, K., Laville, J., and Cattani, A. D. 2010. The Human Economy: A Citizen’s Guide. Cambridge; Malden.Google Scholar
Hart, K., and Ortiz, H. 2014. ‘The Anthropology of Money and Finance: Between Ethnography and World History’, Annual Review of Anthropology 43 (1), 465–482.Google Scholar
Haselgrove, C., and Krmnicek, S. 2012. ‘The Archaeology of Money*’, Annual Review of Anthropology 41 (1), 235–250.Google Scholar
Hauptmann, A., Laschimke, R., and Burger, M. 2016. ‘On the Making of Copper Oxhide Ingots: Evidence from Metallography and Casting Experiments’, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 8 (4), 751–761.Google Scholar
Hauptmann, A., Maddin, R., and Prange, M. 2002. ‘On the Structure and Composition of Copper and Tin Ingots Excavated from the Shipwreck of Uluburun’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 328, 1–30.Google Scholar
Heady, P. 2005. ‘Barter’, in Carrier, J. G. ed., A Handbook of Economic Anthropology. Cheltenham, 262–274.Google Scholar
Helms, M. W. 1988. Ulysses’ Sail: An Ethnographic Odyssey of Power, Knowledge, and Geographical Distance. Princeton.Google Scholar
Heltzer, M. 1999. ‘The Economy of Ugarit’, in Watson, W. G. E., and Wyatt, N. eds., Handbook of Ugaritic Studies. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, Nahe und der Mittlere Osten. Leiden, 423–454.Google Scholar
Helwing, B. 2014. ‘Silver in the Early State Societies of Greater Mesopotamia’, in Meller, H., Risch, R., and Pernicka, E. eds., Metalle der Macht – Frühes Gold und Silber: 6. Mitteldeutscher Archäologentag vom 17. bis 19. Oktober 2013 in Halle (Saale) [Metals of power – Early Gold and Silver: 6th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany, October 17–19, 2013 in Halle (Saale)]. Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle. Halle Saale, 411–421.Google Scholar
Herbert, E. W. 1984. Red Gold of Africa: Copper in Precolonial History and Culture. Madison; London.Google Scholar
Herzog, Z. 2002. ‘The Fortress Mound at Tel Arad an Interim Report’, Tel Aviv 29 (1), 3–109.Google Scholar
Herzog, Z., and Singer-Avitz, L. 2004. ‘Redefining the Centre: The Emergence of State in Judah’, Tel Aviv 31 (2), 209–244.Google Scholar
Heymans, E. D. 2018a. ‘Heads or Tails: Metal Hoards from the Iron Age Southern Levant’, in Brandherm, D., Heymans, E. D., and Hofmann, D. eds., Gifts, Goods and Money – Comparing Currency and Circulation Systems in Past Societies. Oxford, 85–104.Google Scholar
Heymans, E. D. 2018b. ‘Argonauts of the Eastern Mediterranean: The Early History of Money in the Eastern Mediterranean Iron Age’, PhD dissertation, Tel Aviv University.Google Scholar
Heymans, E. D. 2019. ‘Pre-Coinage Money in the Grave? The Case of Amathus t.198’, Journal of Archaeological Numismatics 9, 45–66.Google Scholar
Heymans, E. D., and Termeer, M. K. eds. 2020a. Politics of Value: New Approaches to Early Money and the State – Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Cologne/Bonn 2018 (panel 5.11). Heidelberg.Google Scholar
Heymans, E. D., and Termeer, M. K. 2020b. ‘Introduction: Rethinking Early Money and the State’, in Heymans, E. D., and Termeer, M. K. eds. Politics of Value: New Approaches to Early Money and the State – Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Cologne/Bonn 2018 (panel 5.11). Heidelberg, 1–12.Google Scholar
Heymans, E. D., and Van Wijngaarden, G. J. 2011. ‘Low-Value Manufactured Exotics in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages’, in Vianello, A. ed., Exotica in the Prehistoric Mediterranean. Oakville, 124–136.Google Scholar
Hirschfeld, Y., and Riklin, S. 2002. ‘Region II: Survey and Excavations in the Upper Wadi el-Makkuk Caves’, ‘Atiqot 41, 5–19.Google Scholar
Hoffman, G. L. 1997. Imports and Immigrants: Near Eastern Contacts with Iron Age Crete. Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Hölkeskamp, K. 1990. ‘Review: Early Greek Law by Michael Gagarin’, Gnomon 62 (2), 116–128.Google Scholar
Hölkeskamp, K. 1999. Schiedsrichter, Gesetzgeber und Gesetzgebung im archaischen Griechenland. Historia. Einzelschriften. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Holladay, J. S. Jr. 1995. ‘The Kingdoms of Israel and Judah: Political and Economic Centralization in the Iron IIA–B (ca. 1000–750 BCE)’, in Levy, T. E. ed., The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. New York, 368–398.Google Scholar
Holladay, J. S. 2006. ‘Hezekiah’s Tribute, Long-Distance Trade, and the Wealth of Nations ca. 1000–600 BC: A New Perspective’, in Gitin, S., Wright, J. E., and Dessel, J. P. eds., Confronting the Past: Archaeological and Historical Essays on Ancient Israel in Honor of William G. Dever. Winona Lake, 311–331.Google Scholar
Holladay, J. S. 2009. ‘How Much Is That in …? Monetization, Money, Royal States, and Empires’, in Schloen, J. D. ed., Exploring the Longue Durée: Essays in Honor of Lawrence E. Stager. Winona Lake, 207–222.Google Scholar
Holloway, R. R. 1971. ‘An Archaic Hoard from Crete and the Early Aeginetan Coinage’, Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society) 17, 1–21.Google Scholar
Hooker, J. T. 1989. ‘Gifts in Homer’, Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 36 (1), 79–90.Google Scholar
Hopkins, K. 1983. ‘Introduction’, in Garnsey, P., Hopkins, K., and Whittaker, C. R. eds., Trade in the Ancient Economy. London, ix–xxv.Google Scholar
Hopper, R. J. 1979. Trade and Industry in Classical Greece. Aspects of Greek and Roman life. London.Google Scholar
Horn, S. H. 1968. ‘Objects from Shechem: Excavated 1913 and 1914’, Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschapt Ex Oriente Lux 20, 71–90.Google Scholar
Howgego, C. J. 1995. Ancient History from Coins. Approaching the Ancient World. London.Google Scholar
Hudson, M. 2004. ‘The Archaeology of Money’, in Wray, L. R. ed., Credit and State Theories of Money. Cheltenham; Northampton, 99–127.Google Scholar
Hudson, M., and Van de Mieroop, M. eds. 2002. Debt and Economic Renewal in the Ancient Near East. Bethesda.Google Scholar
Humphrey, C. 2000. ‘An Anthropological View of Barter in Russia’, in Seabright, P. ed., The Vanishing Rouble: Barter Networks and Non-Monetary Transactions in Post-Soviet Societies. Cambridge, 71–90.Google Scholar
Humphrey, C., and Hugh-Jones, S. 1992. ‘Introduction: Barter, Exchange and Value’, in Humphrey, C., and Hugh-Jones, S. eds., Barter, Exchange, and Value: An Anthropological Approach. Cambridge, 1–20.Google Scholar
Hurowitz, V. 1986. ‘Another Fiscal Practice in the Ancient near East: 2 Kings 12: 5–17 and a Letter to Esarhaddon (LAS 277)’, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 45 (4), 289–294.Google Scholar
Ialongo, N., Vacca, A., and Peyronel, L. 2018. ‘Breaking Down the Bullion: The Compliance of Bullion-Currencies with Official Weight-Systems in a Case-Study from the Ancient Near East’, Journal of Archaeological Science 91, 20–32.Google Scholar
Ialongo, N., Vacca, A., and Vanzetti, A. 2018. ‘Indeterminacy and Approximation in Mediterranean Weight Systems, in the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC’, in Brandherm, D., Heymans, E. D., and Hofmann, D. eds., Gifts, Goods and Money – Comparing Currency and Circulation Systems in Past Societies. Oxford, 9–44.Google Scholar
Ingham, G. K. 2001. ‘Fundamentals of a Theory of Money: Untangling Fine, Lapavitsas and Zelizer’, Economy and Society 30 (3), 304–323.Google Scholar
Isaac, B. L. 2005. ‘Karl Polanyi’, in Carrier, J. G. ed., A Handbook of Economic Anthropology. Cheltenham, 14–25.Google Scholar
Isaac, B. H. 1986. The Greek Settlements in Thrace until the Macedonian Conquest. Studies of the Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society. Leiden.Google Scholar
James, F. W. 1966. The Iron Age at Beth Shan: A Study of Levels VI–IV. Museum Monographs. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
James, P. 2005. ‘The Date of the Ekron Temple Inscription: A Note’, Israel Exploration Journal 55 (1), 90–93.Google Scholar
James, P. 2006. ‘Dating Late Iron Age Ekron (Tel Miqne)’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 138 (2), 85–97.Google Scholar
Janes, S. 2010. ‘Negotiating Island Interactions: Cyprus the Aegean and the Levant in the Late Bronze to Early Iron Ages’, in van Dommelen, P., and Knapp, A. B. eds., Material Connections in the Ancient Mediterranean: Mobility, Materiality, and Mediterranean Identities. London, 127–146.Google Scholar
Janssen, J. J. 1975. Commodity Prices from the Ramessid Period: An Economic Study of the Village of Necropolis Workmen at Thebes. Leiden.Google Scholar
Jeffery, L. H. 1956. ‘The Courts of Justice in Archaic Chios’, The Annual of the British School at Athens 51, 157–167.Google Scholar
Jeffery, L. H. [1961] 1990. The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece: A Study of the Origin of the Greek Alphabet and Its Development from the Eighth to the Fifth Centuries B.C. Revised edition. Oxford.Google Scholar
Jevons, W. S. 1875. Money and the Mechanism of Exchange. The International Scientific Series. London.Google Scholar
Jones, D. W. 1999. ‘The Archaeology and Economy of Homeric Gift Exchange’, Opuscula Atheniensia 24, 11–24.Google Scholar
Jones, M. R. 2007. ‘Oxhide Ingots, Copper Production, and the Mediterranean Trade in Copper and Other Metals in the Bronze Age’, PhD dissertation, Texas A&M University.Google Scholar
Joukowsky, M., and Ward, W. A. eds. 1992. The Crisis Years: The 12th century B.C. from Beyond the Danube to the Tigris. Dubuque.Google Scholar
Jurman, C. 2015. ‘“Silver of the Treasury of Herishef”: Considering the Origin and Economic Significance of Silver in Egypt during the Third Intermediate Period’, in Babbi, A., Bubenheimer-Erhart, F., Marín-Aguilera, B., and Mühl, S. eds., The Mediterranean Mirror: Cultural Contacts in the Mediterranean Sea between 1200 and 750 B. C. International Post-doc and Young Researcher Conference Heidelberg, 6th–8th October 2012. Mainz, 51–68.Google Scholar
Jursa, M. 2010. Aspects of the Economic History of Babylonia in the First Millennium BC: Economic Geography, Economic Mentalities, Agriculture, the Use of Money and the Problem of Economic Growth. Alter Orient und Altes Testament. Münster.Google Scholar
Jursa, M. 2013. ‘Epistolographic Evidence for Trips to Susa by Borsippean Priests and for the Crisis in Borsippa at the Beginning of Xerxes’ Reign’, ARTA 3, 1–12.Google Scholar
Jursa, M. 2016. ‘Silver and Other Forms of Elite Wealth in Seventh Century BC Babylonia’, in Kleber, K., and Pirngruber, R. eds., Silver, Money and Credit: A Tribute to Robartus J. van der Spek on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday. PIHANS. Uitgaven van het Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten te Leiden. Leiden, 61–71.Google Scholar
Kakavoyannis, E. 2001. ‘The Silver Ore-Processing Workshops of the Lavrion Region’, The Annual of the British School at Athens 96, 365–380.Google Scholar
Kalantaryan, A. A. 2007. The Gold of Ancient Armenia (III mill. BCE–14 cent. AD). Erevan.Google Scholar
Kaminski, G. 1991. ‘Thesauros: Untersuchungen zum antiken Opferstock’, Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 106, 63–181.Google Scholar
Karageorghis, V., and Demas, M. 1984. Pyla-Kokkinokremos: A Late 13th-Century B.C. Fortified Settlement in Cyprus. Nicosia.Google Scholar
Kasseri, A. 2012. ‘Foinikikoi emporikoi amforeis apo te Methone Pierias’, in Kephalidou, E., and Tsiafaki, D. eds., Kerameos Paides. Thessaloniki, 299–308.Google Scholar
Kassianidou, V. 2012. ‘The Origin and Use of Metals in Iron Age Cyprus’, in Iacovou, M. ed., Cyprus and the Aegean in the Early Iron Age: The Legacy of Nicolas Coldstream. Nicosia, 229–259.Google Scholar
Kee, H. C., and Toombs, L. E. 1957. ‘The Second Season of Excavation at Biblical Shechem’, The Biblical Archaeologist 20 (4), 81–105.Google Scholar
Keel, O. 1980. ‘La Glyptique’, in Briend, J., and Humbert, J. eds., Tell Keisan (1971–1976): Une cite phenicienne en Galilee. Orbis biblicus et orientalis. Fribourg; Paris, 257–295.Google Scholar
Kenzelmann Pfyffer, A., Theurillat, T., and Verdan, S. 2005. ‘Graffiti d’époque géométrique provenant du sanctuaire d’Apollon Daphnéphoros à Erétrie’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 151, 51–83.Google Scholar
Kershaw, J. 2017. ‘An early Medieval Dual-Currency Economy: Bullion and Coin in the Danelaw’, Antiquity 91 (355), 173–190.Google Scholar
Keynes, J. M. 1982. ‘Keynes and Ancient Currencies’, in Moggridge, D. ed., The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes. Volume XXVIII. Social, Political and Literary Writings. London, 223–294.Google Scholar
Keyser, P. T., and Clark, D. D. 2001. ‘Analyzing and Interpreting the Metallurgy of Early Electrum Coins’, in Balmuth, M. S. ed., Hacksilber to Coinage: New Insights into the Monetary History of the Near East and Greece. A Collection of Eight Papers Presented at the 99th Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America. Numismatic studies no. 24. New York, 105–126.Google Scholar
Kienast, B. 1979. ‘Rechtsurkunden in ugaritischer Sprache’, Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 431–452.Google Scholar
Kilger, C. 2007. ‘Wholeness and Holiness: Counting, Weighing and Valuing Silver in the Early Viking Period’, in Skre, D. ed., Means of Exchange: Dealing with Silver in the Viking Age. Kaupang Excavation Project publication series. Aarhus, 253–326.Google Scholar
Kilian, K. 1975. Fibeln in Thessalien von der mykenischen bis zur archaischen Zeit. Prähistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung XIV. München.Google Scholar
Kilian-Dirlmeier, I. 1985. ‘Fremde Weihungen in griechischen Heiligtümern vom 8. bis zum Beginn des 7. Jahrhunderts v. Chr.’, Jahrbuch des römisch-germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 32, 215–254.Google Scholar
Kim, H. S. 2001. ‘Archaic Coinage As Evidence for the Use of Money’, in Meadows, A., and Shipton, K. M. W. eds., Money and Its Uses in the Ancient Greek World. Oxford, 7–21.Google Scholar
Kim, H. S. 2002. ‘Small Change and the Moneyed Economy’, in Cartledge, P., Cohen, E. E., and Foxhall, L. eds., Money, Labour and Land: Approaches to the Economies of Ancient Greece. London; New York, 44–51.Google Scholar
Kim, H. S. 2004. ‘Electrum Ingot Hoard (2002): A Proto-Monetary Hoard?’, Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau 83, 5–16.Google Scholar
Kim, H. S., and Kroll, J. H. 2008. ‘A Hoard of Archaic Coins of Colophon and Unminted Silver (CH I. 3)’, American Journal of Numismatics 20, 53–104.Google Scholar
Klaffenbach, G. 1953. ‘Archaische Weihinschrift aus Samos’, Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 6, 16–20.Google Scholar
Kleber, K. 2016. ‘The Kassite Gold and the Post-Kassite Silver Standards Revisited’, in Kleber, K., and Pirngruber, R. eds., Silver, Money and Credit: A Tribute to Robartus J. van der Spek on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday. PIHANS. Uitgaven van het Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten te Leiden. Leiden, 39–60.Google Scholar
Kleiman, A. 2017. ‘A North Israelite Royal Administrative System and Its Impact on Late-Monarchic Judah’, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel 6 (3), 354–371.Google Scholar
Kletter, R. 1998. Economic Keystones: The Weight System of the Kingdom of Judah. Journal for the study of the Old Testament. Supplement series. Sheffield.Google Scholar
Kletter, R. 2003. ‘Iron Age Hoards of Precious Metals in Palestine – an “Underground Economy”?’, Levant 35 (1), 139–152.Google Scholar
Kletter, R. 2013. ‘Hoards and Hoarders BCE’, in Hoards and Genizot As Chapters in History. Haifa, 6–13.Google Scholar
Kletter, R., and Brand, E. 1998. ‘A New Look at the Iron Age Silver Hoard from Eshtemoa’, Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 114 (2), 139–154.Google Scholar
Kletter, R., and De Groot, A. 2007. ‘The Iron Age Hoard of “Hacksilber” from En-Gedi’, in Stern, E. ed., En-Gedi Excavations I: Final report (1961–1965). Jerusalem, 367–375.Google Scholar
Knapp, A. B. 1989. ‘Response: Independence, Imperialism, and the Egyptian Factor’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 275, 64–68.Google Scholar
Knapp, A. B., and Manning, S. W. 2016. ‘Crisis in Context: The End of the Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean’, American Journal of Archaeology 120 (1), 99–149.Google Scholar
Knapp, A. B., Muhly, J. D., and Muhly, P. M. 1988. ‘To Hoard Is Human: Late Bronze Age Metal Deposits in Cyprus and the Aegean’, Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus 1, 233–262.Google Scholar
Koehler, L., Baumgartner, W., Richardson, M. E. J., and Stamm, J. J. 1996. The Hebrew and Aramaic lexicon of the Old Testament. Leiden.Google Scholar
Koerner, R. 1993. Inschriftliche Gesetzestexte der frühen griechischen Polis. Akten der Gesellschaft für Griechische und Hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte. Cologne.Google Scholar
Konuk, K. 2012. ‘Asia Minor to the Ionian Revolt’, in Metcalf, W. E. ed., The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage. Oxford, 43–60.Google Scholar
Konuk, K., Lorber, C. C., and Gitler, H. 2012. White Gold: Revealing the World’s Earliest Coins. Catalogue. Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Kopcke, G. 1992. ‘What Role for Phoenicians?’, in Kopcke, G., and Tokumaru, I. eds., Greece between East and West: 10th–8th centuries B.C.: Papers of the Meeting at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, March 15–16th, 1990. Mainz, 103–113.Google Scholar
Kopytoff, I. 1986. ‘The Cultural Biography of Things: Commoditization As Process’, in Appadurai, A. ed., The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge, 64–91.Google Scholar
Kotsonas, A. 2006. ‘Wealth and Status in Iron Age Knossos’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 25 (2), 149–172.Google Scholar
Kotsonas, A. 2012. ‘What Makes a Euboean Colony or Trading Station? Zagora in the Cyclades, Methone in the Thermaic Gulf, and Aeagean Networks in the 8th Century BC’, Mediterranean Archaeology 25, 243–257.Google Scholar
Kraay, C. M. 1964. ‘Hoards, Small Change and the Origin of Coinage’, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 84, 76–91.Google Scholar
Kraay, C. M., and Moorey, P. R. S. 1968. ‘Two Fifth Century Hoards from the Near East’, Revue numismatique 6 (10), 181–235.Google Scholar
Kramer-Hajos, M. T. 2016. Mycenaean Greece and the Aegean world: Palace and Province in the Late Bronze Age. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. H. 1998. ‘Silver in Solon’s Laws’, in Ashton, R., and Hurter, S. eds., Studies in Greek Numismatics in Memory of Martin Jessop Price. London, 225–232.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. H. 2000. ‘Review: Coins, Bodies, Games, and Gold: The Politics of Meaning in Archaic Greece by Leslie Kurke’, The Classical Journal 96 (1), 85–90.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. H. 2001a. ‘Observations on Monetary Instruments in Pre-Coinage Greece’, in Balmuth, M. S. ed., Hacksilber to Coinage: New Insights into the Monetary History of the Near East and Greece. A Collection of Eight Papers Presented at the 99th Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America. Numismatic studies no. 24. New York, 77–91.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. H. 2001b. ‘A Small Find of Silver Bullion from Egypt’, American Journal of Numismatics (1989–) 13, 1–20.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. H. 2003. ‘Weights, Bullion Currency, Coinage’, in Stampolidis, N. C., and Karageorghis, V. eds., Ploes – Sea Routes: Interconnections in the Mediterranean, 16th–6th c. BC: Proceedings of the International Symposium Held at Rethymnon, Crete, September 29th–October 2nd, 2002. Athens, 313–323.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. H. 2008a. ‘The Monetary Use of Weighted Bullion in Archaic Greece’, in Harris, W. V. ed., The Monetary Systems of the Greeks and Romans. Oxford, 12–37.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. H. 2008b. ‘Early Iron Age Balance Weights at Lefkandi, Euboea’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 27 (1), 37–48.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. H. 2011. ‘Minting for Export: Athens, Aegina and Others’, in Faucher, T., Marcellesi, M., and Picard, O. eds., Nomisma: La circulation monétaire dans le monde grec antique. Actes du colloque international, Athènes, 14–17 avril 2010. BCH Supplément 57. Athens, 27–38.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. H. 2012. ‘The Monetary Background of Early Coinage’, in Metcalf, W. E. ed., The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage. Oxford, 33–42.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. H. 2013a. ‘Finds of Hacksilber in the Ancient Near East and Greece: A Survey’, in Hunter, F., and Painter, K. S. eds., Late Roman Silver: The Traprain Treasure in Context. Edinburgh, 375–380.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. H. 2013b. ‘Review: Véronique Van Driessche, Des étalons pré-monétaires au monnayage en bronze; Charles Doyen. Étalons de l.’argent et du bronze en Grèce hellénistique’, The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society 173, 531–536.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. H. 2020a. ‘The Inscribed Account on Lead from the Ephesian Artemisium’, in van Alfen, P., Wartenberg, U., Fischer-Bossert, W., Gitler, H., Konuk, K., and Lorber, C. C. eds., White Gold: Studies in Early Electrum Coinage. New York and Jerusalem, 49–64.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. H. 2020b. ‘Issue Identification, Dynastai, and the Plethora of Types in Early Electrum Coinage’, in van Alfen, P., Wartenberg, U., Fischer-Bossert, W., Gitler, H., Konuk, K., and Lorber, C. C. eds., White Gold: Studies in Early Electrum Coinage. New York and Jerusalem, 537–546.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. H., and Waggoner, N. M. 1984. ‘Dating the Earliest Coins of Athens, Corinth and Aegina’, American Journal of Archaeology 88 (3), 325–340.Google Scholar
Krugman, P. R. 1994. Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in the Age of Diminished Expectations. New York; London.Google Scholar
Kruse, S. E. 1988. ‘Ingots and Weight Units in Viking Age Silver Hoards’, World Archaeology 20 (2, Hoards and Hoarding), 285–301.Google Scholar
Kurke, L. 1999. Coins, Bodies, Games, and Gold: The Politics of Meaning in Archaic Greece. Classics/Ancient history. Princeton.Google Scholar
Laffineur, R. 1986. Amathonte III, Testimonia 3, L'orfèvrerie (R. Laffineur), avec la contribution d'A. Forgeau, Scarabées, Scaraboïdes et Cônes et A. Hermary, La coupe en argent du British Museum. Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations – École Française d'Athènes, ‘Mémoire’ no. 67, Études Chypriotes VII, 1986. Paris.Google Scholar
Laffineur, R. 2010. ‘Thorikos’, in Cline, E. H. ed., The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000–1000 BC). New York; Oxford, 712–721.Google Scholar
Lambert, S. D. 2002. ‘The Sacrificial Calendar of Athens’, The Annual of the British School at Athens 97, 353–399.Google Scholar
Langdon, S. 1987. ‘Gift Exchange in the Geometric Sanctuaries’, in Linders, T., and Nordquist, G. eds., Gifts to the Gods: Proceedings of the Uppsala Symposium 1985. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Uppsala; Stockholm, 107–113.Google Scholar
Langgut, D., Finkelstein, I., and Litt, T. 2013. ‘Climate and the Late Bronze Collapse: New Evidence from the Southern Levant’, Tel Aviv 40 (2), 149–175.Google Scholar
Laum, B. 1924. Heiliges Geld: eine historische Untersuchung über den sakralen Ursprung des Geldes. Tübingen.Google Scholar
Lavelle, B. M. 2005. Fame, Money, and Power: The Rise of Peisistratos and ‘Democratic’ Tyranny at Athens. Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Le Rider, G. 2001. La naissance de la monnaie: pratiques monétaires de l’Orient ancien. Histoires. Paris.Google Scholar
Le Rider, G., and Verdan, S. 2002. ‘La Trouvaille d’Érétrie: Réserve d’un Orfèvre ou Dépôt Monétaire?’, Antike Kunst 45, 133–152.Google Scholar
Leach, J. W. 1983. ‘Introduction’, in Leach, J. W., and Leach, E. R. eds., The Kula: New Perspectives on Massim Exchange. Cambridge, 1–26.Google Scholar
Leach, J. W., and Leach, E. 1983. The Kula: New Perspectives on Massim Exchange. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Leão, D. F., and Rhodes, P. J. 2015. The Laws of Solon: A New Edition with Introduction, Translation and Commentary. Library of Classical Studies 7. London.Google Scholar
Lemos, I. S. 1998. ‘Euboea and Its Aegean Koine’, in Bats, M., and D’Agostino, B. eds., Euboica: L’Eubea e la presenza euboica in Calcidica e in Occidente: Atti del convegno internazionale di Napoli, 13–16 novembre 1996. Napoli, 45–58.Google Scholar
Lemos, I. S. 2002. The Protogeometric Aegean: The Archaeology of the Late Eleventh and Tenth Centuries BC. Oxford.Google Scholar
Leone, B. 2012. ‘A Trade Route between Euboea and the Northern Aegean’, Mediterranean Archaeology 25, 229–241.Google Scholar
Levy, T. E., Adams, R. B., Najjar, M., Hauptmann, A., Anderson, J. D., Brandl, B., Robinson, M. A., and Higham, T. 2004. ‘Reassessing the Chronology of Biblical Edom: New Excavations and 14C dates from Khirbat en-Nahas (Jordan)’, Antiquity 78 (302), 865–879.Google Scholar
Liebowitz, H. 1987. ‘Late Bronze II Ivory Work in Palestine: Evidence of a Cultural Highpoint’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 265, 3–24.Google Scholar
Liep, J. 1983. ‘Ranked Exchange in Yela (Rossel Island)’, in Leach, J. W., and Leach, E. R. eds., The Kula: New Perspectives on Massim Exchange. Cambridge, 503–525.Google Scholar
Liep, J. 1999. ‘Pecuniary Schismogenesis in the Massim’, in Akin, D., and Robbins, J. eds., Money and Modernity: State and Local Currencies in Melanesia. ASAO Monograph Series. Pittsburgh, 131–150.Google Scholar
Lilyquist, C. 1996. ‘Stone Vessels at Kamid el-Loz, Lebanon: Egyptian, Egyptianizing, or Non-Egyptian? A Question at Sites from the Sudan to Iraq to the Greek Mainland’, in Hachmann, R. ed., Kamid el-Loz. 16. Schatzhaus Studien. Bonn, 133–173.Google Scholar
Lilyquist, C. 2012. ‘Treasures from Tell Basta: Goddesses, Officials, and Artists in an International Age’, Metropolitan Museum Journal 47 (1), 9–72.Google Scholar
Lindenlauf, A. 2006. ‘Recycling of Votive Offerings in Greek Sanctuaries: Epigraphical and Archaeological Evidence.’, in Mattusch, C. C., Donohue, A. A., and Brauer, A. eds., Proceedings of the XVIth International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Boston, August 23–26, 2003. Common Ground: Archaeology, Art, Science, and Humanities. Oxford, 30–32.Google Scholar
Linders, T. 1987. ‘Gods, Gifts, Society’, in Linders, T., and Nordquist, G. eds., Gifts to the Gods: Proceedings of the Uppsala Symposium 1985. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Uppsala; Stockholm, 115–122.Google Scholar
Lipiński, E. 1978. ‘The Elegy on the Fall of Sidon in Isaiah 23’, Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies 14, 79*–88*.Google Scholar
Lipiński, E. 1979. ‘Les Temples Néo-Assyriens et les Origines du Monnayage’, in Lipiński, E. ed., State and Temple Economy in the Ancient Near East: Proceedings of the International Conference Organized by the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven from the 10th to the 14th of April 1978. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Leuven, 564–588.Google Scholar
Lipiński, E. 1988. ‘In Search of the Etymology of Some Semitic Loan-Words’, in Arbeitman, Y. L. ed., Fucus: A Semitic/Afrasian Gathering in Remembrance of Albert Ehrman. Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science. Series IV, Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. Amsterdam; Philadelphia, 325–333.Google Scholar
Lipschits, O. 2006. ‘On Cash-Boxes and Finding or Not Finding Books: Jehoash’s and Josiah’s Decisions to Repair the Temple’, in Amit, Y., Ben-Zvi, E., Finkelstein, I., and Lipschits, O. eds., Essays on Ancient Israel in Its Near Eastern Context: A Tribute to Nadav Naʾaman. Winona Lake, 239–254.Google Scholar
Lipschits, O., Sergi, O., and Koch, I. 2010. ‘Royal Judahite Jar Handles: Reconsidering the Chronology of the lmlk Stamp Impressions’, Tel Aviv 37 (1), 3–32.Google Scholar
Lipschits, O., Sergi, O., and Koch, I. 2011. ‘Judahite Stamped and Incised Jar Handles: A Tool for Studying the History of Late Monarchic Judah’, Tel Aviv 38 (1), 5–41.Google Scholar
Liverani, M. 1992. Studies on the Annals of Ashurnasirpal II. Quaderni di Geografia storica/Universita di Roma ‘la Sapienza’, Dipartimento di scienze storiche, archeologiche e antropologiche dell’antichita. Roma.Google Scholar
Liverani, M. 2003. ‘The Influence of Political Institutions on Trade in the Ancient Near East (Late Bronze to Early Iron Age)’, in Zaccagnini, C. ed., Mercanti e politica nel mondo antico. Saggi di Storia Antica, 22. Rome, 119–137.Google Scholar
Lloyd, A. 2007. ‘Book II’, in Murray, O., and Moreno, A. eds., A Commentary on Herodotus books I–IV. Oxford, 219–378.Google Scholar
Lordkipanidze, O. 2001. ‘The Golden Fleece: Myth, Euhemeristic Explanation and Archaeology’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 20 (1), 1–38.Google Scholar
Luckenbill, D. D. 1924. The Annals of Sennacherib. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications. Chicago.Google Scholar
Luke, J. 2003. Ports of Trade, Al Mina, and Geometric Greek Pottery in the Levant. Oxford.Google Scholar
Macalister, R. A. S. 1912. The Excavation of Gezer, 1902–1905 and 1907–1909. Vol. 2. London.Google Scholar
Malinowski, B. 1920. ‘Kula: The Circulating Exchange of Valuables in the Archipelagoes of Eastern New Guinea’, Man 20, 97–105.Google Scholar
Malinowski, B. 1921. ‘The Primitive Economics of the Trobriand Islanders’, The Economic Journal 31 (121), 1–16.Google Scholar
Malinowski, B. 1922. Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea. London; New York.Google Scholar
Malkin, I. 1998. The Returns of Odysseus: Colonization and Ethnicity. Berkeley; London.Google Scholar
Malkin, I. 2011. A Small Greek World: Networks in the Ancient Mediterranean. Greeks overseas. Oxford.Google Scholar
Maran, J. 2006. ‘Coming to Terms with the Past: Ideology and Power in Late Helladic IIIC’, in Deger-Jalkotzy, S., and Lemos, I. S. eds., Ancient Greece: From the Mycenaean Palaces to the Age of Homer. Edinburgh, 123–150.Google Scholar
Maran, J. 2012. ‘Ceremonial Feasting Equipment, Social Space and Interculturality in Post-Palatial Tiryns’, in Maran, J., and Stockhammer, P. eds., Materiality and Social Practice: Transformative Capacities of Intercultural Encounters. Oxford, 121–136.Google Scholar
Marinatos, S. 1960. ‘Lausitzer Goldschmuck in Tiryns’, in Eckstein, F. ed., Theoria: Festschrift für W.-H.Schuchhardt. Deutsche Beiträge zur Altertumswissenschaft. Doppelband 12/13. Baden-Baden, 151–157.Google Scholar
Marshall, F. H. 1911. Catalogue of the Jewellery, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, in the Departments of Antiquities, British Museum. London.Google Scholar
Martin Pruvot, C., Reber, K., Theurillat, T., and Ecole suisse d’archeologie en Grece, Antikenmuseum Basel und Sammlung Ludwig and Ethnikon Archaiologikon Mouseion 2010. Ausgegraben! Schweizer Archäologen erforschen die griechische Stadt Eretria: Eine Ausstellung der Schweizerischen Archäologischen Schule in Griechenland in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Antikenmuseum Basel und Sammlung Ludwig. Basel; Gollion.Google Scholar
Marx, K. 1976. Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. Vol. I. Penguin Classics. London.Google Scholar
Master, D. M. 2001. ‘State Formation Theory and the Kingdom of Ancient Israel’, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 60 (2), 117–131.Google Scholar
Master, D. M. 2010. ‘Institutions of Trade in 1 And 2 Kings’, The Books of Kings, 501–516.Google Scholar
Master, D. M. 2014. ‘Economy and Exchange in the Iron Age Kingdoms of the Southern Levant’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 372, 81–97.Google Scholar
Matthäus, H. 2001. ‘Studies on the Interrelations of Cyprus and Italy during the 11th to 9th Centuries B.C.: A Pan-Mediterranean Perspective’, in Bonfante, L., and Karageorghis, V. eds., Italy and Cyprus in Antiquity 1500–450 B.C.: Proceedings of an International Symposium Held at the Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America at Columbia University, November 16–18, 2000. Nicosia, 153–214.Google Scholar
Matthews, R. 1994. ‘Imperial Catastrophe or Local Incident? An Akkadian Hoard from Tell Brak, Syria’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 4 (2), 290–302.Google Scholar
Maurer, B. 2006. ‘The Anthropology of Money’, Annual Review of Anthropology 35 (1), 15–36.Google Scholar
Mauss, M. 1970. The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies. London.Google Scholar
Maxwell-Hyslop, K. R. 1971. Western Asiatic Jewellery c.3000–612 B.C. Methuen’s Handbooks of Archaeology. London.Google Scholar
Maxwell-Hyslop, K. R. 1984. ‘Appendix B: The Gold Jewellery, in Excavations at Tawilan in Southern Jordan, 1982. By C.-M. Bennett’, Levant 16 (1), 22–23.Google Scholar
Mazar, A. 1993. ‘Beth Shean in the Iron Age: Preliminary Report and Conclusions of the 1990–1991 Excavations’, Israel Exploration Journal 43 (4), 201–229.Google Scholar
Mazar, A. 1997. ‘Iron Age Chronology: A Reply to I. Finkelstein’, Levant 29 (1), 157–167.Google Scholar
Mazar, A. 2006. ‘Beth-Shean from the Late Bronze Age IIB to the Medieval Period: A Summary’, in Mazar, A. ed., Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean, 1989–1996. Vol. I. From the Late Bronze Age IIB to the Medieval Period. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the Institute of Archaeology. Jerusalem, 26–47.Google Scholar
Mazar, A. 2009. ‘Introduction and Overview’, in Panitz-Cohen, N., and Mazar, A. eds., Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean 1989–1996. Vol. III. The 13th–11th Century BCE Strata in Areas N and S. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the Institute of Archaeology. Jerusalem, 1–32.Google Scholar
Mazar, A. 2010. ‘Tel Beth-Shean: History and Archaeology’, in Kratz, R. G., and Spieckermann, H. eds., One God, One Cult, One Nation: Archaeological and Biblical Perspectives. Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 405. Berlin; New York, 239–271.Google Scholar
Mazar, A. 2011. ‘The Iron Age Chronology Debate: Is the Gap Narrowing? Another Viewpoint’, Near Eastern Archaeology 74 (2), 105–111.Google Scholar
Mazar, E. 2004. The Phoenician Family Tomb N.1 at the Northern Cemetery of Achziv (10th–6th centuries BCE): Sam Turner Expedition, Final Report of the Excavations. Cuadernos de arqueología mediterránea. Vol. 10. Barcelona.Google Scholar
Mazarakis Ainian, A. 1997. From Rulers’ Dwellings to Temples: Architecture, Religion and Society in Early Iron Age Greece (1100–700 B.C.). Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology. Jonsered.Google Scholar
McDonald, W. A., and Coulson, W. D. E. 1983. ‘The Dark Age at Nichoria: A Perspective’, in McDonald, W. A., Coulson, W. D. E., and Rosser, J. eds., Excavations at Nichoria in Southwest Greece. Vol. 3. Dark Age and Byzantine Occupation. Minneapolis, 316–329.Google Scholar
McGeough, K. M. 2007. Exchange Relationships at Ugarit. Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement. Leuven; Dudley.Google Scholar
McInerney, J. 2010. The Cattle of the Sun: Cows and Culture in the World of the Ancient Greeks. Princeton.Google Scholar
Meadows, A. 2008. ‘Part 2: Coinage’, in Oleson, J. P. ed., The Oxford Handbook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World. Oxford, 769–777.Google Scholar
Meadows, A. 2009. ‘Money in an Ideal World: Plato’s Laws and the Dual Nature of Coinage’ Κερματια φιλιας. Τιμητικός τόμος για τον Ιωάννη Τουράτσογλου. Athens, 25–31.Google Scholar
Meeks, N. D., and Craddock, P. T. 2013. ‘Annexe 4: Scientific Examination of Two Sherds with Gold Particles’, in Verdan, S. ed., Eretria XXII. Le sanctuaire d’Apollon Daphnéphoros à l’époque géométrique. Gollion; Lausanne, 271–273.Google Scholar
Mele, A. 1979. Il commercio Greco arcaico: Prexis ed emporie. Publications du Centre Jean Bérard. Rome.Google Scholar
Melis, M. G. 2014. ‘Silver in the Neolithic and Eneolithic Sardinia’, in Meller, H., Risch, R., and Pernicka, E. eds., Metalle der Macht – Frühes Gold und Silber: 6. Mitteldeutscher Archäologentag vom 17. bis 19. Oktober 2013 in Halle (Saale) [Metals of Power – Early Gold and Silver: 6th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany, October 17–19, 2013 in Halle (Saale)]. Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle. Halle Saale, 483–494.Google Scholar
Melitz, J. 1970. ‘The Polanyi School of Anthropology on Money: An Economist’s View’, American Anthropologist 72 (5), 1020–1040.Google Scholar
Merkel, S. W. 2016. Silver and the Silver Economy at Hedeby. Der Anschnitt. Beiheft 33. Bochum.Google Scholar
Merrillees, R. S. 2003. ‘Egyptian Foreign Relations (Late Bronze Age and Iron Age)’, in Stampolidis, N. C., and Karageorghis, V. eds., Ploes – Sea Routes: Interconnections in the Mediterranean, 16th–6th c. BC: Proceedings of the International Symposium Held at Rethymnon, Crete, September 29th–October 2nd, 2002. Athens, 35–39.Google Scholar
Metcalf, D. M. 2007. ‘Regions around the North Sea with a Monetised Economy in the Pre-Viking and Viking Ages’, in Graham-Campbell, J., and Williams, G. eds., Silver Economy in the Viking Age. Walnut Creek, 1–11.Google Scholar
Michailidou, A. 2010. ‘Measuring by Weight in the Late Bronze Age Aegean: The People Behind the Measuring Tools’, in Morley, I., and Renfrew, C. eds., The Archaeology of Measurement: Comprehending Heaven, Earth and Time in Ancient Societies. Cambridge; New York, 71–87.Google Scholar
Michel, C. 2001. Correspondance des marchands de Kanis au début du IIe millénaire avant J.-C. Paris.Google Scholar
Millard, A. 2011. ‘Are There Anachronisms in the Books of Samuel?’, in Khan, G., and Lipton, D. eds., Studies on the Text and Versions of the Hebrew Bible in Honour of Robert Gordon. Vetus Testamentum, Supplements. Leiden, 39–48.Google Scholar
Misailidou-Despotidou, V. 2011. Chalkina kosmēmata archaïkōn chronōn apo tē Makedonia: Ereuna sta chalkina kosmēmata tōn nekrotapheiōn tēs Agias Paraskeuēs kai tēs Neas Philadelpheias. Dēmosieumata Archaiologikou Institoutou Makedonikōn kai Thrakikōn Spoudōn. Thessaloniki.Google Scholar
Monroe, C. M. 2005. ‘Money and Trade’, in Snell, D. C. ed., A Companion to the Ancient Near East. Malden; Oxford, 155–168.Google Scholar
Monroe, C. M. 2009. Scales of Fate: Trade, Tradition, and Transformation in the Eastern Mediterranean, ca. 1350–1175 BCE. Alter Orient und Altes Testament. Münster.Google Scholar
Montgomery, J. A. 1951. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Books of Kings. International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Moreno García, J. C. ed. 2016a. Dynamics of Production in the Ancient Near East: 1300–500 BC. Oxford.Google Scholar
Moreno García, J. C. 2016b. ‘Economies in Transition: Trade, “Money”, Labour and Nomads at the Turn of the 1st Millennium BC’, in Moreno García, J. C. ed., Dynamics of Production in the Ancient Near East: 1300–500 BC. Oxford, 1–39.Google Scholar
Morgan, C. 1990. Athletes and Oracles. The Transformation of Olympia and Delphi in the Eighth Century B.C. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Morgan, C. 1993. ‘The Origins of Pan-Hellenism’, in Marinatos, N., and Hägg, R. eds., Greek Sanctuaries: New Approaches. London, 14–33.Google Scholar
Morgan, C. 1999. Isthmia VIII: Excavations by the University of Chicago under the Auspices of the American School of Classical Studies. The Late Bronze Age Settlement and Early Iron Age Sanctuary. Princeton.Google Scholar
Morgan, C. 2009. ‘The Early Iron Age’, in Raaflaub, K. A., and van Wees, H. eds., A Companion to Archaic Greece. Malden; Oxford, 43–63.Google Scholar
Morris, I. 1987. Burial and Ancient Society: The Rise of the Greek City-State. New Studies in Archaeology. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Morris, I. 1989. ‘Circulation, Deposition and the Formation of the Greek Iron Age’, Man 24 (3), 502–519.Google Scholar
Morris, I. 1994. ‘Review Article: The Athenian Economy Twenty Years after the Ancient Economy’, Classical Philology 89 (4), 351–366.Google Scholar
Morris, I. 2000. Archaeology As Cultural History: Words and Things in Iron Age Greece. Social Archaeology (Series). Malden; Oxford.Google Scholar
Morris, I. 2003. ‘Mediterraneanization’, Mediterranean Historical Review 18 (2), 30–55.Google Scholar
Morris, I. 2007. ‘Early Iron Age Greece’, in Scheidel, W., Morris, I., and Saller, R. P. eds., The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. Cambridge; New York, 211–241.Google Scholar
Morris, I. 2009. ‘The Eighth-Century Revolution’, in Raaflaub, K. A., and van Wees, H. eds., A Companion to Archaic Greece. Malden; Oxford, 64–80.Google Scholar
Morris, S. P. 1984. The Black and White Style: Athens and Aigina in the Orientalizing Period. New Haven.Google Scholar
Morris, S. P. 1992b. ‘Introduction’, in Kopcke, G., and Tokumaru, I. eds., Greece between East and West: 10th–8th Centuries B.C.: Papers of the Meeting at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, March 15–16th, 1990. Mainz, xiii–xviii.Google Scholar
Moschonissioti, S. 1998. ‘Excavations at Ancient Mende’, in Bats, M., and D’Agostino, B. eds., Euboica: L’Eubea e la presenza euboica in Calcidica e in Occidente: atti del convegno internazionale di Napoli, 13–16 novembre 1996. Napoli, 255–271.Google Scholar
Moschonissioti, S. 2017. ‘The City of Mende during the Late Eighth and Seventh Centuries BC’, in Charalambidou, X., and Morgan, C. eds., Interpreting the Seventh Century BC: Tradition and Innovation. Oxford, 355–363.Google Scholar
Muhly, J. D. 1992. ‘The Crisis Years in the Mediterranean World: Transition or Cultural Disintegration?’, in Joukowsky, M., and Ward, W. A. eds., The Crisis Years: The 12th century B.C. from Beyond the Danube to the Tigris. Dubuque, 10–26.Google Scholar
Muhly, J. D. 2011. ‘Silver’, in Finkelberg, M. ed., The Homer Encyclopedia. Chichester; Malden, 799–801.Google Scholar
Müller, G. G. W. 1997. ‘Gedanken zur neuassyrischen “Geldwirtschaft”’, in Waetzoldt, H., and Hauptmann, H. eds., Assyrien im wandel der zeiten: XXXIXe Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Heidelberg 6.–10. Juli 1992. Heidelberger Studien zum alten Orient 6. Heidelberg, 115–121.Google Scholar
Mullins, R. A. 2012. ‘The Late Bronze and Iron Age Temples at Beth-Shean’, in Kamlah, J. ed., Temple Building and Temple Cult: Architecture and Cultic Paraphernalia of Temples in the Levant (2.–1. Mill. BCE); Proceedings of a Conference on the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the Institute of Biblical Archaeology at the University of Tübingen (28th–30th of May 2010). Wiesbaden, 127–157.Google Scholar
Münger, S., and Levy, T. E. 2014. ‘The Iron Age Egyptian Amulet Assemblage’, in Levy, T. E., Najjar, M., and Ben-Yosef, E. eds., New Insights into the Iron Age Archaeology of Edom, Southern Jordan: Surveys, Excavations, and Research from the University of California, San Diego – Department of Antiquities of Jordan, Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project (ELRAP). Monumenta archaeological: vol. 35. Los Angeles, 741–765.Google Scholar
Munn, N. D. 1983. ‘Gawan Kula: Spatiotemporal Control and the Symbolism of Influence’, in Leach, J. W., and Leach, E. R. eds., The Kula: New Perspectives on Massim Exchange. Cambridge, 277–308.Google Scholar
Murgan, A. M., and Kemmers, F. 2016. ‘Temples, Hoards and Pre(?)Monetary Practices – Case Studies from Mainland Italy and Sicily in the 1st Millennium B.C.’, in Baitinger, H. ed., Materielle Kultur und Identität im Spannungsfeld zwischen mediterraner Welt und Mitteleuropa: Akten der internationalen Tagung am Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum Mainz, 22.–24. Oktober 2014: Abschlusstagung des DFG-Projekts ‘Metallfunde als Zeugnis für die Interaktion zwischen Griechen und Indigenen auf Sizilien zwischen dem 8. und 5. Jahrhundert v. Chr.’ [Material Culture and Identity between the Mediterranean World and Central Europe]. RGZM-Tagungen. Mainz, 277–290.Google Scholar
Murray, A. S., Smith, A. H., and Walters, H. B. 1900. Excavations in Cyprus, Bequest of Miss E. T. Turner to the British Museum. London.Google Scholar
Murray, O. [1980] 1993. Early Greece. Second edition. Fontana History of the Ancient World. London.Google Scholar
Mussche, H. F. 1967. Thorikos 1965: Rapport préliiminaire sur la troisième campagne de fouilles [voorlopig verslag over de derde opgravingscampagne]. Bruxelles.Google Scholar
Naʾaman, N. 1981. ‘Economic Aspects of the Egyptian Occupation of Canaan’, Israel Exploration Journal 31 (3), 172–185.Google Scholar
Naʾaman, N. 1986. ‘Historical and Chronological Notes on the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah in the Eighth Century B.C.’, Vetus Testamentum 36 (1), 71–92.Google Scholar
Naʾaman, N. 1994. ‘The “Conquest of Canaan” in the Book of Joshua and in History’, in Finkelstein, I., and Naʾaman, N. eds., From Nomadism to Monarchy: Archaeological and Historical Aspects of Early Israel. Jerusalem; Washington, DC, 218–281.Google Scholar
Naʾaman, N. 1998. ‘Royal Inscriptions and the Histories of Joash and Ahaz, Kings of Judah’, Vetus Testamentum 48 (3), 333–349.Google Scholar
Naʾaman, N. 2003. ‘Ekron under the Assyrian and Egyptian Empires’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 332, 81–91.Google Scholar
Naʾaman, N. 2007. ‘When and How Did Jerusalem Become a Great City? The Rise of Jerusalem As Judah’s Premier City in the Eighth-Seventh Centuries B.C.E.’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 347, 21–56.Google Scholar
Naʾaman, N. 2010. ‘The Date of the List of Towns That Received the Spoil of Amalek (1 Sam 30:26–31)’, Tel Aviv 37 (2), 175–187.Google Scholar
Naʾaman, N. 2013. ‘The Kingdom of Judah in the 9th Century BCE: Text Analysis versus Archaeological Research’, Tel Aviv 40 (2), 247–276.Google Scholar
Naʾaman, N. 2014. ‘Dismissing the Myth of a Flood of Israelite Refugees in the Late Eighth Century BCE’, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 126 (1), 1–14.Google Scholar
Neeft, C. W. 2012. ‘Corinthian Pottery in Thasos and Argilos: Preliminary Observations’, in Tiverios, M. A., Arvanitakē, A., Misaēlidou-Despotidou, V., and Manakidou, H. P. eds., Hē keramikē tēs archaikēs epoches sto Voreio Aigaio kai tēn periphereia tou (700–480 p.Ch.): Praktika archaiologikēs synantēsēs, Thessalonikē, 19–22 Maiou 2011. Dēmosieumata Archaiologikou Institoutou Makedonikōn kai Thrakikōn Spoudōn. Thessalonikē, 189–196.Google Scholar
Nerantzis, N., and Papadopoulos, S. 2013. ‘Reassessment and New Data on the Diachronic Relationship of Thassos Island with Its Indigenous Metal Resources: A Review’, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 5 (3), 183–196.Google Scholar
Netz, R. 2002. ‘Counter Culture: Towards a History of Greek Numeracy’, History of Science 40, 321–352.Google Scholar
Nezafati, N., and Pernicka, E. 2012. ‘Early Silver Production in Iran’, Iranian Archaeology 3, 38–45.Google Scholar
Nicolet-Pierre, H. 2006. ‘Les talents d’Homère’, in van Alfen, P. G. ed., Agoranomia: Studies in Money and Exchange Presented to John H. Kroll. New York, 1–20.Google Scholar
Nijboer, A. J. 2008. ‘A Phoenician Family Tomb, Lefkandi, Huelva and the Tenth Century BC in the Mediterranean’, in Sagona, C. ed., Beyond the Homeland: Markers in Phoenician Chronology. Ancient Near Eastern Studies, suppl. 28. Leuven; Paris; Dudley, 365–377.Google Scholar
Nodet, É. 1980. ‘Objets en métal’, in Briend, J., and Humbert, J. eds., Tell Keisan (1971–1976): Une cite phenicienne en Galilee. Fribourg; Paris, 323–326.Google Scholar
Noeske, H.-Chr. 1991. ‘Ein Hacksilberfund aus Elephantine’, in Noeske, H.-Chr., and Schubert, H. eds. Die Münze: Bild – Botschaft – Bedeutung. Festschrift für Maria R.-Alföldi. Frankfurt, 342–351.Google Scholar
Noeske, H.-Chr. 1993. ‘Prämonetäre Wertmesser und Münzfunde aus Elephantine’, Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts. Abteilung Kairo 49, 203–209.Google Scholar
Nriagu, J. O. 1985. ‘Cupellation: The Oldest Quantitative Chemical Process’, Journal of Chemical Education 62 (8), 668–674.Google Scholar
Ofer, A. 1994. ‘“All the Hill Country of Judah”: From a Settlement Fringe to a Prosperous Monarchy’, in Finkelstein, I., and Naʾaman, N. eds., From Nomadism to Monarchy: Archaeological and Historical Aspects of Early Israel. Jerusalem; Washington, DC, 92–121.Google Scholar
Ogden, J. 1990/1991. ‘Gold in a Time of Bronze and Iron’, Journal of the Ancient Chronology Forum 4, 6–14.Google Scholar
Ogden, J. 1995. ‘The Gold Jewellery’, in Bennett, C. M., and Bienkowski, P. eds., Excavations at Tawilan in Southern Jordan. Oxford, 69–78.Google Scholar
Oppenheim, A. L. 1947. ‘A Fiscal Practice of the Ancient Near East’, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 6 (2), 116–120.Google Scholar
Oppenheim, A. L. 1957. ‘A Bird’s-Eye View of Mesapotamian Economic History’, in Polanyi, K., Arensberg, C. M., and Pearson, H. W. eds., Trade and Market in the Early Empires: Economies in History and Theory. Glencoe, 27–37.Google Scholar
Osborne, R. 1996. ‘Pots, Trade and the Archaic Greek Economy’, Antiquity 70 (267), 31–44.Google Scholar
Osborne, R. 2007. ‘Archaic Greece’, in Scheidel, W., Morris, I., and Saller, R. P. eds., The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. Cambridge; New York, 277–301.Google Scholar
Osborne, R. [1996] 2009. Greece in the Making, 1200–479 B.C. Second edition. Routledge History of the Ancient World. London.Google Scholar
Pafford, I. A. 2006. ‘Cult Fees and the Ritual of Money in Greek Sanctuaries of the Classical and Hellenistic Period’, PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Pafford, I. A. 2013. ‘Priestly Portion vs. Cult Fees – The Finances of Greek Sanctuaries’, in Horster, M. ed., Cities and Priests: Cult Personnel in Asia Minor and the Aegean Islands from the Hellenistic to the Imperial Period. Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten. Boston, 49–64.Google Scholar
Painter, K. S., with an appendix by Hunter, F. 2013. ‘Hacksilber: A Means of Exchange?’, in Hunter, F., and Painter, K. S. eds., Late Roman Silver: The Traprain Treasure in Context. Edinburgh, 215–242.Google Scholar
Panagiotopoulos, D. 2006. ‘Foreigners in Egypt in the Time of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III’, in Cline, E. H., and O’Connor, D. B. eds., Thutmose III: A New Biography. Ann Arbor, 370–412.Google Scholar
Panitz-Cohen, N., and Mazar, A. 2009. ‘Chapter 4: Area S: Stratigraphy and Architecture’, in Panitz-Cohen, N., and Mazar, A. eds., Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean 1989–1996. Vol. III. The 13th–11th Century BCE Strata in Areas N and S. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the Institute of Archaeology. Jerusalem, 94–194.Google Scholar
Panitz-Cohen, N., Mullins, R. A., and Bonfil, R. 2013. ‘Northern Exposure: Launching Excavations at Tell Abil el-Qameḥ (Abel Beth Maacah)’, STRATA: Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 31, 27–42.Google Scholar
Panitz-Cohen, N., Mullins, R. A., and Bonfil, R. 2015. ‘Second Preliminary Report of the Excavations at Tell Abil el Qameḥ (Abel Beth Maacah)’, STRATA: Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 33, 35–59.Google Scholar
Panitz-Cohen, N., Mullins, R. A., Yahalom-Mack, N., and Lavi, M. 2016. ‘A Silver Lining at Abel Beth Maacah’, Biblical Archaeology Review July/August, 22–23.Google Scholar
Papadopoulos, J. K. 1994. ‘Early Iron Age Potters’ Marks in the Aegean’, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 63 (4), 437–507.Google Scholar
Papadopoulos, J. K. 1996. ‘Euboians in Macedonia? A Closer Look’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 15 (2), 151–181.Google Scholar
Papadopoulos, J. K. 1997. ‘Phantom Euboians’, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 10 (2), 191–219.Google Scholar
Papadopoulos, J. K. 2002. ‘Minting Identity: Coinage, Ideology and the Economics of Colonization in Akhaian Magna Graecia’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 12 (1), 21–55.Google Scholar
Papadopoulos, J. K. 2011. ‘“Phantom Euboians” – A Decade On’, in Rupp, D. W., and Tomlinson, J. E. eds., Euboea and Athens: Proceedings of a Colloquium in Memory of Malcolm B. Wallace: Athens 26–27 June 2009. Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece. Toronto, 113–133.Google Scholar
Papadopoulos, J. K. 2012. ‘Money, Art, and the Construction of Value in the Ancient Mediterranean’, in Papadopoulos, J. K., and Urton, G. eds., The Construction of Value in the Ancient World. Cotsen Advanced Seminar Series. Los Angeles, 261–287.Google Scholar
Papadopoulos, J. K. 2016. ‘The Early History of the Greek Alphabet: New Evidence from Eretria and Methone’, Antiquity 90 (353), 1238–1254.Google Scholar
Papadopoulos, J. K. 2017. ‘To Write and to Paint: More Early Iron Age Potters’ Marks in the Aegean’, in Clay, J. S., Malkin, I., and Tzifopoulos, Y. eds., Panhellenes at Methone: Graphê in Late Geometric and Protoarchaic Methone, Macedonia (ca 700 BCE). Berlin; Boston, 36–104.Google Scholar
Parker, R. 1998. ‘Pleasing Thighs: Reciprocity in Greek Religion’, in Gill, C., Postlethwaite, N., and Seaford, R. eds., Reciprocity in Ancient Greece. Oxford, 105–126.Google Scholar
Peacock, M. S. 2011a. ‘The Political Economy of Homeric Society and the Origins of Money’, Contributions to Political Economy 30 (1), 47–65.Google Scholar
Peacock, M. S. 2011b. ‘Rehabilitating Homer’s Phoenicians: On Some Ancient and Modern Prejudices against Trade’, Ancient Society 41, 1–29.Google Scholar
Pelloso, C. 2013. ‘The Myth of the Priority of Procedure over Substance in the Light of Early Greek Epos’, Rivista di Diritto Ellenico/Review of Hellenic Law 3, 223–275.Google Scholar
Pendlebury, J. D. S. 1931. ‘Preliminary Report of Excavations at Tell el-’Amarnah 1930–1’, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 17 (3), 233–244.Google Scholar
Perreault, J. Y., and Bonias, Z. 2012. ‘After Zagora – Andrian Colonization in the Northern Aegean: The Case of Argilos’, Mediterranean Archaeology 25, 259–271.Google Scholar
Pernicka, E. 2014. ‘Possibilities and Limitations of Provenance Studies of Ancient Silver and Gold’, in Meller, H., Risch, R., and Pernicka, E. eds., Metalle der Macht – Frühes Gold und Silber: 6. Mitteldeutscher Archäologentag vom 17. bis 19. Oktober 2013 in Halle (Saale) [Metals of Power – Early Gold and Silver: 6th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany, October 17–19, 2013 in Halle (Saale)]. Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle. Halle Saale, 153–164.Google Scholar
Pernicka, E., Rehren, T., and Schmitt-Strecker, S. 1998. ‘Late Uruk Silver Production by Cupellation at Habuba Kabira, Syria’, Metallurgica Antiqua, der Anschnitt, 8, 123–134.Google Scholar
Pernicka, E., and Wagner, G. A. 1985. ‘Die metallurgische Bedeutung von Sifnos im Altertum’, in Wagner, G., and Weisgerber, G. eds., Silber, Blei und Gold auf Sifnos: Prähistorische und antike Metallproduktion. Der Anschnitt. Beiheft. Bochum, 200–211.Google Scholar
Petocz, D. 1995. ‘Area II’, in Bennett, C. M., and Bienkowski, P. eds., Excavations at Tawilan in Southern Jordan. Oxford, 23–38.Google Scholar
Petrie, W. M. F. 1928. Gerar. Publications of the Egyptian Research Account and British School of Archaeology in Egypt. London.Google Scholar
Petrie, W. M. F. 1934. Ancient Gaza IV: Tell el Ajjul. Publications of the Egyptian Research Account. London.Google Scholar
Pettegrew, D. K. 2011. ‘The Diolkos of Corinth’, in American Journal of Archaeology 115 (4), 549–574.Google Scholar
Peyronel, L. 2010. ‘Ancient Near Eastern Economics: The Silver Question between Methodology and Archaeological Data’, in Matthiae, P., Pinnock, F., Nigro, L., and Marchetti, N. eds., Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. Vol. 1. Wiesbaden, 925–948.Google Scholar
Peyronel, L. 2014. ‘Between the Archaic Market and Gift Exchange: The Role of Silver in the Embedded Economies of the Ancient Near East during the Bronze Age’, in Carlà, F., and Gori, M. eds., Gift Giving and the ‘Embedded’ Economies in the Ancient World. Heidelberg, 355–376.Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, S. 2013. ‘Egypt and Greece before Alexander’, in Grajetzki, W., and Wendrich, W. eds., UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz002hj251.Google Scholar
Polanyi, K. 1968a. ‘The Economy As Instituted Process’, in Dalton, G. ed., Primitive, Archaic, and Modern Economies: Essays of Karl Polanyi. Boston, 139–174.Google Scholar
Polanyi, K. 1968b. ‘The Semantics of Money-Uses’, in Dalton, G. ed., Primitive, Archaic, and Modern Economies: Essays of Karl Polanyi. Boston, 175–203.Google Scholar
Polanyi, K., Arensberg, C. M., and Pearson, H. W. eds. 1957. Trade and Market in the Early Empires: Economies in History and Theory. Glencoe.Google Scholar
Polignac, F. de [1984] 1995. Cults, Territory, and the Origins of the Greek City-State. Chicago.Google Scholar
Popham, M. R., and Lemos, I. S. 1995. ‘A Euboian Warrior Trader’, in Oxford Journal of Archaeology 14 (2), 151–157.Google Scholar
Popham, M. R., and Lemos, I. S. 1996. Lefkandi III: The Toumba Cemetery: The Excavations of 1981, 1984, 1986 and 1992–4. Plates. Supplementary volume 29, British School at Athens. London.Google Scholar
Popham, M. R., Calligas, P. G., and Sackett, L. H. eds. 1993. Lefkandi II: The Protogeometric Building at Toumba. Part 2. The Excavation, Architecture and Finds. Supplementary volume 23, British School at Athens. London.Google Scholar
Popham, M. R., Sackett, L. H., and Themelis, P. G. eds. 1980. Lefkandi I: The Iron Age. The Settlement, the Cemeteries. Supplementary volume 11, British School of Archaeology at Athens. London.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 1973. The Governor’s Palace Archive. Cuneiform Texts from Nimrud. London.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 1974. Taxation and Conscription in the Assyrian Empire. Studia Pohl. Series maior. Rome.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 1979. ‘The Economic Structure of the Assyrian Empire’, in Larsen, M. T. ed., Power and Propaganda: A Symposium on Ancient Empires. Mesopotamia. Copenhagen, 193–221.Google Scholar
Powell, M. A. 1978. ‘A Contribution to the History of Money in Mesopotamia Prior to the Invention of Coinage’, in Hrouška, B., and Komoróczy, G. eds., Festschrift Lubor Matouš. Vol. II. Budapest, 211–243.Google Scholar
Powell, M. A. 1992. ‘Weights and Measures’, in Freedman, D. N. ed., The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Vol. 6. New York, 897–908.Google Scholar
Powell, M. A. 1996. ‘Money in Mesopotamia’, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 39 (3, Money in the Orient), 224–242.Google Scholar
Powell, M. A. 1999. ‘Wir müssen alle unsere Nische nutzen: Monies, Motives, and Methods in Babylonian Economics’, in Dercksen, J. G. ed., Trade and Finance in Ancient Mesopotamia: Proceeding of the First MOS symposium (Leiden, 1997). Leiden, 5–24.Google Scholar
Price, M. J. 1983. ‘Thoughts on the Beginnings of Coinage’, in Brooke, C. N. L., Stewart, B. H. I. H., Pollard, J. G., and Volk, T. R. eds., Studies in Numismatic Method, Presented to Philip Grierson. Cambridge, 1–10.Google Scholar
Pritchett, W. K. 1971. Ancient Greek Military Practices: Part I. University of California Publications. Classical Studies. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Propp, W. H. 2006. Exodus 19–40: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. The Anchor Bible. New York; London.Google Scholar
Pryor, F. L. 1977. The Origins of the Economy: A Comparative Study of Distribution in Primitive and Peasant Economies. New York.Google Scholar
Psoma, S. E. 2011. ‘The Law of Nicophon (SEG 26.72) and Athenian Imitations’, Revue Belge de Numismatique et de Sillographie 157, 27–36.Google Scholar
Psoma, S. E. 2015. ‘Did the So-Called Thraco-Macedonian Standard Exist?’, in Wartenberg, U., and Amandry, M. eds., Kairos: Contributions to Numismatics in Honor of Basil Demetriadi. New York, 167–190.Google Scholar
Psoma, S. E. 2016. ‘Choosing and Changing Monetary Standards in the Greek World during the Archaic and the Classical Periods’, in Harris, E. M., Lewis, D. M., and Woolmer, M. eds., The Ancient Greek Economy: Markets, Households and City-States. New York, 90–115.Google Scholar
Pulak, C. 1988. ‘The Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun, Turkey: 1985 Campaign’, American Journal of Archaeology 92 (1), 1–37.Google Scholar
Pulak, C. 1996. ‘Analysis of the Weight Assemblages from the Late Bronze Age Shipwrecks at Uluburun and Cape Gelidonya, Turkey’, PhD dissertation, Texas A&M University.Google Scholar
Pulak, C. 2000. ‘The Balance Weights from the Late Bronze Age Shipwreck at Uluburun’, in Pare, C. F. E. ed., Metals Make the World Go Round: The Supply and Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997. Oxford, 247–266.Google Scholar
Pulak, C. 2001. ‘The Cargo of the Uluburun Ship and Evidence for Trade with the Aegean and Beyond’, in Bonfante, L., and Karageorghis, V. eds., Italy and Cyprus in Antiquity 1500–450 B.C.: Proceedings of an International Symposium Held at the Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America at Columbia University, November 16–18, 2000. Nicosia, 13–60.Google Scholar
Pulak, C. 2006. ‘The Balance Weights from the Uluburun and Cape Gelidonya Shipwrecks (Abstract)’, in Alberti, M. E., Ascalone, E., and Peyronel, L. eds., Weights in Context: Bronze Age Weighing Systems of Eastern Mediterranean: Chronology, Typology, Material and Archaeological Contexts: Proceedings of the International Colloquium, Roma 22nd–24th November 2004. Studi e materiali (Rome, Italy). Roma, 47–48.Google Scholar
Pulak, C. 2008. ‘The Uluburun Shipwreck and Late Bronze Age Trade’, in Aruz, J., Benzel, K., and Evans, J. M. eds., Beyond Babylon: Art, Trade, and Diplomacy in the Second Millennium B.C. New York; London, 289–385.Google Scholar
Quiggin, A. H. 1949. A Survey of Primitive Money: The Beginning of Currency. New York; London.Google Scholar
Qviller, B. 1981. ‘The Dynamics of the Homeric Society’, Symbolae Osloenses 56 (1), 109–155.Google Scholar
Raaflaub, K. A. 1998. ‘A Historian’s Headache: How to Read “Homeric Society”?’, in Fisher, N. R. E., and van Wees, H. eds., Archaic Greece: New Approaches and New Evidence. London, 169–193.Google Scholar
Raaflaub, K. A. 2008. ‘Homeric Warriors and Battles: Trying to Resolve Old Problems’, Classical World 101 (4), 469–483.Google Scholar
Radford, R. A. 1945. ‘The Economic Organisation of a P.O.W. Camp’, Economica 12 (48), 189–201.Google Scholar
Radner, K. 1999. ‘Money in the Neo-Assyrian Empire’, in Dercksen, J. G. ed., Trade and Finance in Ancient Mesopotamia: Proceeding of the First MOS Symposium (Leiden, 1997). Leiden, 127–157.Google Scholar
Rahmstorf, L. 2010. ‘The Concept of Weighing during the Bronze Age in the Aegean, the Near East and Europe’, in Morley, I., and Renfrew, C. eds., The Archaeology of Measurement: Comprehending Heaven, Earth and time in Ancient Societies. Cambridge; New York, 88–105.Google Scholar
Rahmstorf, L. 2015. ‘The Aegean before and after c. 2200 BC between Europe and Asia: Trade As a Prime Mover of Cultural Change’, in Meller, H., Arz, H. W., Jung, R., and Risch, R. eds., 2200 BC: Ein Klimasturz als Ursache für den Zerfall der Alten Welt?: 7. Mitteldeutscher Archäologentag, vom 23. bis 26. Oktober 2014 in Halle (Saale) [2200 BC: A Climatic Breakdown As a Cause for the Collapse of the Old World?: 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany, October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle. Halle Saale, 149–180.Google Scholar
Rahmstorf, L. 2016a. ‘From “Value Ascription” to Coinage: A Sketch of Monetary Developments in Western Eurasia from the Stone to the Iron Age’, in Haselgrove, C., and Krmnicek, S. eds., The Archaeology of Money: Proceedings of the Workshop ‘Archaeology of Money’, University of Tubingen, October 2013. Leicester, 19–42.Google Scholar
Rahmstorf, L. 2016b. ‘Emerging Economic Complexity in the Aegean and Western Anatolia during the Earlier Third Millennium BC’, in Molloy, B. ed., Of Odysseys and Oddities: Scales and Modes of Interaction between Prehistoric Aegean Societies and Their Neighbors. Oxford, 225–276.Google Scholar
Ramage, A. 2000. ‘The Excavation and Finds’, in Ramage, A., and Craddock, P. T. eds., King Croesus’ Gold: Excavations at Sardis and the History of Gold Refining. Monograph/Archaeological Exploration of Sardis. Cambridge, MA, 72–98.Google Scholar
Ramage, A., and Craddock, P. T. 2000. King Croesus’ Gold: Excavations at Sardis and the History of Gold Refining. Monograph/Archaeological Exploration of Sardis. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Rehren, T., and Klappauf, L. 1995. ‘… ut oleum aquis: Vom Schwimmen des Silbers auf Bleiglätte’, Metalla (Bochum) 2, 19–28.Google Scholar
Rhodes, P. J. 1975. ‘Solon and the Numismatists’, The Numismatic Chronicle (1966–) 15, 1–11.Google Scholar
Rhodes, P. J., and Osborne, R. 2003. Greek Historical Inscriptions, 404–323 BC. Oxford.Google Scholar
Richter, S. L. 2017. ‘The Question of Provenance and the Economics of Deuteronomy’, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 42 (1), 23–50.Google Scholar
Risberg, C. 1992. ‘Metal-Working in Greek Sanctuaries’, in Alroth, B., and Linders, T. eds., Economics of Cult in the Ancient Greek World: Proceedings of the Uppsala Symposium 1990. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Boreas. Uppsala; Stockholm, 33–40.Google Scholar
Risberg, C. 1997. ‘Evidence of Metal Working in Early Greek Sanctuaries’, in Gillis, C., Risberg, C., and Sjöberg, B. eds., Trade and Production in Premonetary Greece: Production and the Craftman. Proceedings of the 4th and 5th International Workshops, Athens 1994 and 1995. Jonsered, 185–196.Google Scholar
Robbins, J., and Akin, D. 1999. ‘An Introduction to Melanesian Currencies. Agency, Identity, and Social Reproduction’, in Akin, D., and Robbins, J. eds., Money and Modernity: State and Local Currencies in Melanesia. ASAO Monograph Series. Pittsburgh, 1–40.Google Scholar
Robinson, E. S. G. 1937. ‘A Hoard from “Sidon” [Beni-Hassan]’, The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society 17 (67), 197–199.Google Scholar
Robinson, E. S. G. 1950. ‘A “Silversmith’s Hoard” from Mesopotamia’, Iraq 12 (1), 44–51.Google Scholar
Rosa, D. F. 2011. ‘Argento, annaku e il problema della moneta e del denaro nel periodo Medio Assiro (XIV-XI sec. a.C.)’, Rivista di Storia Economica 27 (1), 111–130.Google Scholar
Rothenberg, B. 1988. The Egyptian Mining Temple at Timna. Researches in the Arabah, 1959–1984. London.Google Scholar
Röthlin, G., and le Roux, M. 2013. ‘Hezekiah and the Assyrian Tribute’, Verbum et Ecclesia 34 (2), 1–8.Google Scholar
Routledge, B. E. 2004. Moab in the Iron Age: Hegemony, Polity, Archaeology. Archaeology, Culture, and Society. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Routledge, B. E., and McGeough, K. M. 2009. ‘Just What Collapsed? A Network Perspective on “Palatial” and “Private” Trade at Ugarit’, in Bachhuber, C., and Roberts, R. G. eds., Forces of Transformation: The End of the Bronze Age in the Mediterranean: Proceedings of an International Symposium Held at St. John’s College, University of Oxford, 25–6th March, 2006. Themes from the Ancient Near East BANEA Publication Series. Oxford; Oakville, 22–29.Google Scholar
Rowe, A. 1930. The Topography and History of Beth-Shan: With Details of the Egyptian and Other Inscriptions Found on the Site. Beth-Shan I. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Rowe, A. 1940. The Four Canaanite Temples of Beth-Shan. Publications of the Palestine Section of the University Museum, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Ruschenbusch, E. 1966. Solonos Nomoi: Die Fragmente des Solonischen Gesetzeswerkes, mit einer Text- und Überlieferungsgeschichte. Historia Einzelschriften. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Ruschenbusch, E. 2010. Solon: Das Gesetzeswerk – Fragmente: Übersetzung und Kommentar. hrsg. K. Bringmann. Historia. Einzelschriften. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Rutter, N. K. 1981. ‘Early Coinage and the Influence of the Athenian State’, in Cunliffe, B. W. ed., Coinage and Society in Britain and Gaul: Some Current Problems. Research Report; Council for British Archaeology. London, 1–9.Google Scholar
Sahlins, M. D. [1972] 2004. Stone Age Economics. Second edition. Routledge Classic Ethnographies. London.Google Scholar
Sass, B. 1997. ‘Jewelry’, in Meyers, E. M. ed., The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. Vol. 3. New York, 238–246.Google Scholar
Sass, B. 2002a. ‘An Iron Age I Jewelry Hoard from Cave II/3 in Wadi El-Makkuk’, ‘Atiqot 41, 21–33.Google Scholar
Sass, B. 2002b. ‘Wenamun and His Levant – 1075 BC or 925 BC?’, Ägypten und Levante/Egypt and the Levant 12, 247–55.Google Scholar
Sass, B. 2005. The Alphabet at the Turn of the Millennium: The West Semitic Alphabet ca. 1150–850 BCE: The Antiquity of the Arabian, Greek and Phrygian Alphabets. Tel Aviv. Occasional Publications. Tel-Aviv.Google Scholar
Schaeffer, C. F.-A. 1932. ‘Les Fouilles de Minet-el-Beida et de Ras-Shamra Troisième campagne (Printemps 1931): Rapport sommaire’, Syria 13 (1), 1–27.Google Scholar
Schaeffer, C. F.-A. 1935. ‘Les fouilles de Ras Shamra-Ugarit. Sixième campagne (Printemps 1934). Rapport sommaire’, Syria 16 (2), 141–176.Google Scholar
Schaeffer, C. F.-A. 1937. ‘Les Fouilles de Ras Shamra-Ugarit Huitième Campagne (Printemps 1936): Rapport sommaire’, Syria 18 (2), 125–154.Google Scholar
Schaeffer, C. F.-A. 1939. Ugaritica: Études relatives aux découvertes de Ras Shamra. Mission de Ras Shamra. Paris.Google Scholar
Schaeffer, C. F.-A. 1963. ‘Ausgrabungen und Forschungsreisen. Neue Entdeckungen in Ugarit’, Archiv für Orientforschung 20, 206–215.Google Scholar
Schaps, D. M. 1997. ‘The Monetization of the Marketplace in Athens’, in Andreau, J., Briant, P., and Descat, R. eds. Économie Antique: Prix et formation des rrix dans les économies antiques. Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges, 91–104.Google Scholar
Schaps, D. M. 2001. ‘The Conceptual Prehistory of Money and Its Impact on the Greek Economy’, in Balmuth, M. S. ed., Hacksilber to Soinage: New Insights into the Monetary History of the Near East and Greece. A Collection of Eight Papers Presented at the 99th Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America. Numismatic studies no. 24. New York, 93–103.Google Scholar
Schaps, D. M. 2004. The Invention of Coinage and the Monetization of Ancient Greece. Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Schaps, D. M. 2007. ‘The Invention of Coinage in Lydia, in India, and in China’, Bulletin du Cercle d’Études Numismatiques 44, 313–322.Google Scholar
Schaps, D. M. 2008. ‘What Was Money in Ancient Greece?’, in Harris, W. V. ed., The Monetary Systems of the Greeks and Romans. Oxford, 38–48.Google Scholar
Scheidel, W. 2007. ‘Demography’, in Scheidel, W., Morris, I., and Saller, R. P. eds., The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. Cambridge; New York, 38–86.Google Scholar
Scheidel, W. 2010. ‘The Divergent Evolution of Coinage in Eastern and Western Eurasia’, in Harris, W. V. ed., The Monetary Systems of the Greeks and Romans. Oxford, 267–286.Google Scholar
Schipper, B. U. 2005. Die Erzahlung des Wenamun: ein Literaturwerk im Spannungsfeld von Politic, Geschichte und Religion. Orbis biblicus et orientalis. Fribourg; Gottingen.Google Scholar
Schliemann, H. 1881. Ilios, Stadt und Land der Trojaner. Forschungen und Entdeckungen in der Troas und besonders auf der Baustelle von Troja. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Schloen, J. D. 2001. The House of the Father As Fact and Symbol: Patrimonialism in Ugarit and the Ancient Near East. Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant. Winona Lake.Google Scholar
Schmid, K. 2014. ‘The Monetization and Demonetization of the Human Body: The Case of Compensatory Payments for Bodily Injuries and Homicide in Ancient Near Eastern and Ancient Israelite Law Books’, in Hagen, J. V., and Welker, M. eds., Money As God? The Monetization of the Market and Its Impact on Religion, Politics, Law, and Ethics. Cambridge, 259–281.Google Scholar
Schon, R. 2015. ‘Weight Sets: Identification and Analysis’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25 (2), 477–494.Google Scholar
Scott, R. B. Y. 1965. ‘The Scale-Weights from Ophel, 1963–64’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 97 (2), 128–139.Google Scholar
Seabright, P. ed. 2000. The Vanishing Rouble: Barter Networks and Non-Monetary Transactions in Post-Soviet Societies. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Seaford, R. 2004. Money and the Early Greek Mind: Homer, Philosophy, Tragedy. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Seaford, R. 2011. ‘Exchange’, in Finkelberg, M. ed., The Homer Encyclopedia. Chichester; Malden, 281–284.Google Scholar
Seger, J. D. 1976. ‘Reflections on the Gold Hoard from Gezer’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 221, Memorial Issue: Essays in Honor of George Ernest Wright, 133–140.Google Scholar
Sellin, E. 1914. ‘Vorläufiger kurzer Bericht über die Ergebnisse seiner Ausgrabungen in Balata-Sichem (Wortlaut des Berichtes)’, Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien. Phil.-Hist. Klasse 51 (7), 35–40.Google Scholar
Sergi, O., Karasik, A., Gadot, Y., and Lipschits, O. 2012. ‘The Royal Judahite Storage Jar: A Computer-Generated Typology and Its Archaeological and Historical Implications’, Tel Aviv 39 (1), 64–92.Google Scholar
Shalev, S., Shechtman, D., and Shilstein, S. S. 2014. ‘A Study of the Composition and Microstructure of Silver Hoards from Tel Beth-Shean, Tel Dor, and Tel Miqne, Israel’, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 6 (3), 221–225.Google Scholar
Shea, W. H. 1978. ‘Menahem and Tiglath-Pileser III’, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 37 (1), 43–49.Google Scholar
Sheedy, K. 2012. ‘Aegina, the Cyclades, and Crete’, in Metcalf, W. E. ed., The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage. Oxford, 105–127.Google Scholar
Sheehan, J. 2007. ‘The Form and Structure of Viking-Age Silver Hoards: The Evidence from Ireland’, in Graham-Campbell, J., and Williams, G. eds., Silver Economy in the Viking Age. Walnut Creek, 149–162.Google Scholar
Sherratt, A. G. and Sherratt, E. S. 1991. ‘From Luxuries to Commodities: The Nature of Mediterranean Bronze Age Trading Systems’, in Gale, N. H. ed., Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean: Papers Presented at the Conference Held at Rewley House, Oxford, in December 1989. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology. Jonsered, 351–386.Google Scholar
Sherratt, E. S. 1990. ‘“Reading the Texts”: Archaeology and the Homeric Question’, Antiquity 64 (245), 807–824.Google Scholar
Sherratt, E. S. 1998. ‘“Sea Peoples” and the Economic Structure of the Late Second Millennium in the Eastern Mediterranean’, in Gitin, S., Mazar, A., and Stern, E. eds., Mediterranean Peoples in Transition: Thirteenth to Early Tenth Centuries BCE. Jerusalem, 292–313.Google Scholar
Sherratt, E. S. 2000. ‘Circulation of Metals and the End of the Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean’, in Pare, C. F. E. ed., Metals Make the World Go Round: The Supply and Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997. Oxford, 82–98.Google Scholar
Sherratt, E. S. 2010. ‘Greeks and Phoenicians: Perceptions of Trade and Traders in the Early First Millennium BC’, in Bauer, A. A., and Agbe-Davies, A. S. eds., Social Archaeologies of Trade and Exchange: Exploring Relationships among People, Places, and Things. Walnut Creek, 119–142.Google Scholar
Sherratt, E. S., and Sherratt, A. G. 1993. ‘The Growth of the Mediterranean Economy in the Early First Millennium BC’, World Archaeology 24 (3), 361–378.Google Scholar
Sigrist, R. M. 1982. ‘Une tablette cunéiforme de Tell Keisan’, Israel Exploration Journal 32 (1), 32–35.Google Scholar
Silver, M. 2006. ‘“Coinage before Coins?”: A Further Response to Raz Kletter’, Levant 38 (1), 187–189.Google Scholar
Sindbæk, S. M. 2008. ‘Local and Long Distance exchange’, in Brink, S., and Price, N. eds., The Viking World. London, 150–158.Google Scholar
Sindbæk, S. M. 2011. ‘Silver Economies and Social Ties: Long-Distance Interaction, Long-Term Investments – and Why the Viking Age Happened’, in Graham-Campbell, J., Sindbæk, S. M., and Williams, G., eds., Silver Economies, Monetisation and Society in Scandinavia, AD 800–1100. Aarhus, 41–65.Google Scholar
Singer, I. 1988–1989. ‘The Political Status of Megiddo VIIA’, Tel Aviv 15–16 (1), 101–112.Google Scholar
Singer, I. 1994. ‘Egyptians, Canaanites, and Philistines in the Period of the Emergence of Israel’, in Finkelstein, I., and Naʾaman, N. eds., From Nomadism to Monarchy: Archaeological and Historical Aspects of Early Israel. Jerusalem; Washington, DC, 282–338.Google Scholar
Singer, I. 1999. ‘A Political History of Ugarit’, in Watson, W. G .E., and Wyatt, N. eds., Handbook of Ugaritic Studies. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, Nahe und der Mittlere Osten. Leiden, 603–733.Google Scholar
Singer, I. 2006. ‘Ships Bound for Lukka: A New Interpretation of the Companion Letters RS 94.2530 and RS 94.2523’, Altorientalische Forschungen 33, 242–262.Google Scholar
Singer-Avitz, L. 2002. ‘Arad: The Iron Age Pottery Assemblages’, Tel Aviv 29 (1), 110–214.Google Scholar
Skre, D. ed. 2007. Means of Exchange: Dealing with Silver in the Viking Age. Kaupang Excavation Project publication series. Vol. 2. Aarhus.Google Scholar
Smith, A. 1776. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Vol. 1. Dublin.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, A. M. 1964. Early Greek Armour and Weapons: From the End of the Bronze Age to 600 B.C. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, A. M. 1971. The Dark Age of Greece: An Archaeological Survey of the Eleventh to Eighth Centuries B.C. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, A. M. 1974. ‘An Historical Homeric Society?’, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 94, 114–125.Google Scholar
Söderberg, A. 2004. ‘Metallurgic Ceramics As a Key to Viking Age Workshop Organisation’, Journal of Nordic Archaeological Science 14, 115–124.Google Scholar
Sokolowski, F. 1954. ‘Fees and Taxes in the Greek Cults’, Harvard Theological Review 47 (3), 153–164.Google Scholar
Sommerfeld, C. 1994. Gerätegeld Sichel: Studien zur monetären Struktur bronzezeitlicher Horte im nördlichen Mitteleuropa. Vorgeschichtliche Forschungen. Berlin.Google Scholar
Stager, L. E. 1996. ‘Ashkelon and the Archaeology of Destruction: Kislev 604 BCE’, Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies 25, 61*–74*.Google Scholar
Stager, L. E. 2003. ‘Phoenician Shipwrecks in the Deep Sea’, in Stampolidis, N. C., and Karageorghis, V. eds., Ploes – Sea Routes: Interconnections in the Mediterranean, 16th–6th c. BC: Proceedings of the International Symposium Held at Rethymnon, Crete, September 29th–October 2nd, 2002. Athens, 233–247.Google Scholar
Stager, L. E., Schloen, J. D., Master, D. M., Press, M. D., and Aja, A. 2008. ‘Part Four: Stratigraphic Overview’, in Stager, L. E., Schloen, J. D., and Master, D. M. eds., Ashkelon 1: Introduction and Overview (1985–2006). Harvard Semitic Museum Publications. Winona Lake, 215–323.Google Scholar
Stanley, P. V. 1986. ‘The Function of Trade in Homeric Society’, Münstersche Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte 5 (2), 5–19.Google Scholar
Stefanakis, M. I. 1999. ‘The Introduction of Coinage in Crete and the Beginning of Local Minting’, in Chaniotis, A. ed., From Minoan Farmers to Roman Traders: Sidelights on the Economy of Ancient Crete. Heidelberger althistorische Beiträge und epigraphische Studien. Stuttgart, 247–268.Google Scholar
Stern, E. 1998. ‘Buried Treasure: The Silver Hoard from Dor’, Biblical Archaeology Review 24 (4), 46–62.Google Scholar
Stern, E. 2001. ‘The Silver Hoard from Tel Dor’, in Balmuth, M. S. ed., Hacksilber to Coinage: New Insights into the Monetary History of the Near East and Greece. A Collection of Eight Papers Presented at the 99th Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America. Numismatic studies no. 24. New York, 19–26.Google Scholar
Stern, E. 2008. ‘Dor’, in Stern, E. ed., The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Vol. 5. Supplementary Volume. Jerusalem, 1695–1703.Google Scholar
Stevens, M. E. 2006. Temples, Tithes, and Taxes: The Temple and the Economic Life of Ancient Israel. Peabody.Google Scholar
Stork, L. 2015. ‘Systems of Value and the Changing Perception of Metal Commodities, ca. 4000–2600 BC’, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 74 (1), 115–132.Google Scholar
Stos-Gale, Z. A. 2001. ‘The Impact of the Natural Sciences on Studies of Hacksilber and Early Silver Coinage’, in Balmuth, M. S. ed., Hacksilber to Coinage: New Insights into the Monetary History of the Near East and Greece. A Collection of Eight Papers Presented at the 99th Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America. Numismatic studies no. 24. New York, 53–76.Google Scholar
Stos-Gale, Z. A., and Macdonald, C. F. 1991. ‘Sources of Metal and Trade in the Bronze Age’, in Gale, N. H. ed., Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean: Papers Presented at the Conference Held at Rewley House, Oxford, in December 1989. Studies in Mediterranean archaeology. Jonsered, 249–284.Google Scholar
Stos-Gale, Z. A., and Gale, N. H. 2010. ‘Bronze Age Metal Artefacts Found on Cyprus – Metal from Anatolia and the Western Mediterranean’, Trabajos de Prehistoria 67 (2), 389–403.Google Scholar
Strøm, I. 1992. ‘Obeloi of Pre- or Proto-Monetary Value in the Greek Sanctuaries’, in Alroth, B., and Linders, T. eds., Economics of Cult in the Ancient Greek World: Proceedings of the Uppsala Symposium 1990. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Boreas. Uppsala; Stockholm, 41–51.Google Scholar
Stroud, R. S. 1974. ‘An Athenian Law on Silver Coinage’, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 43 (2), 157–188.Google Scholar
Stroud, R. S. 1979. The axones and kyrbeis of Drakon and Solon. University of California Publications: Classical Studies. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Sweeney, J., and Sweeney, R. J. 1977. ‘Monetary Theory and the Great Capitol Hill Baby Sitting Co-op Crisis: Comment’, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 9 (1, Part 1), 86–89.Google Scholar
Tandy, D. W. 1997. Warriors into Traders: The Power of the Market in Early Greece. Classics and Contemporary Thought. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Tandy, D. W. 2011. ‘Economy’, in Finkelberg, M. ed., The Homer Encyclopedia. Chichester; Malden, 226–228.Google Scholar
Tebes, J. M. 2016. ‘The Kingdom of Edom? A Critical Reappraisal of the Edomite State Model’, in Milevski, I., and Levy, T. E. eds., Framing Archaeology in the Near East: The Application of Social Theory to Fieldwork. New Directions in Anthropological Archaeology. Sheffield; Bristol, 113–122.Google Scholar
Temin, P. 2006. ‘Mediterranean Trade in Biblical Times’, in Findlay, R., Henriksson, R. G. H., Lindgren, H., and Lundahl, M. eds., Eli Heckscher, International Trade, and Economic History. Cambridge, MA; London, 141–156.Google Scholar
Termeer, M. K. 2016. ‘Roman Colonial Coinages beyond the City-State: A View from the Samnite World’, Journal of Ancient History 4, 158–190.Google Scholar
Terrenato, N. 2020. ‘Discussion’, in Heymans, E. D., and Termeer, M. K. eds. Politics of Value: New Approaches to Early Money and the State – Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Cologne/Bonn 2018 (panel 5.11). Heidelberg, 63–69.Google Scholar
Thareani, Y. 2016. ‘The Empire and the “Upper Sea”: Assyrian Control Strategies along the Southern Levantine Coast’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 375, 77–102.Google Scholar
Themelis, P. G. 1981. ‘Εργαστήριο χρυσοχόϊας του 8ου π.Χ. αι. στην Ερέτρια’, AAA 14, 185–208.Google Scholar
Themelis, P. G. 1983. ‘An 8th Century Goldsmith’s Workshop at Eretria’, in Hägg, R. ed., The Greek Renaissance of the Eighth century B.C.: Tradition and Innovation: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium at the Swedish Institute in Athens, 1–5 June, 1981. Acta Instituti Atheniensis Regni Sueciae. Stockholm; Lund, 158–165.Google Scholar
Thomas, C. G. 2009. ‘The Mediterranean World in the Early Iron Age’, in Raaflaub, K. A., and van Wees, H. eds., A Companion to Archaic Greece. Malden; Oxford, 22–40.Google Scholar
Thomas, R. 2005. ‘Writing, Law, and Written Law’, in Gagarin, M., and Cohen, D. eds., The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Greek Law. Cambridge Companions to the Ancient World. Cambridge, 41–60.Google Scholar
Thompson, C. M. 1999. ‘A New Look at Barrekub’s Treasure: Silver from Zinjirli’, Minerva 10 (2), 48–50.Google Scholar
Thompson, C. M. 2003. ‘Sealed Silver in Iron Age Cisjordan and the “Invention” of Coinage’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 22 (1), 67–107.Google Scholar
Thompson, C. M. 2007. ‘Silver in the Age of Iron and the Orientalizing Economies of Archaic Greece’, PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Thompson, C. M. 2009. ‘Precious Metals and Jewelry. Chapter 11A: Three 20th Dynasty Silver Hoards from the Egyptian Garrison’, in Panitz-Cohen, N., and Mazar, A. eds., Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean 1989–1996. Vol. III. The 13th–11th Century BCE Strata in Areas N and S. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Institute of Archaeology. Jerusalem, 597–611.Google Scholar
Thompson, C. M. 2020. ‘Two Bundles of Hacksilber’, in Stager, L. E., Master, D. M., and Aja, A. J. eds., Ashkelon 7: The Iron Age I. University Park, 597–604.Google Scholar
Thompson, C. M., and Skaggs, S. 2013. ‘King Solomon’s Silver? Southern Phoenician Hacksilber Hoards and the Location of Tarshish’, Internet Archaeology 35. doi.org/10.11141/ia.35.6.Google Scholar
Tiverios, M. A. 1998. ‘The Ancient Settlement in the Anchialos-Sindos Double Trapeza. Seven Years (1990–1996) of Archaeological Research’, in Bats, M., and D’Agostino, B. eds., Euboica: l’Eubea e la presenza euboica in Calcidica e in Occidente : atti del convegno internazionale di Napoli, 13–16 novembre 1996. Napoli, 243–253.Google Scholar
Tiverios, M. A. 2008. ‘Greek Colonization of the Northern Aegean’, in Tsetskhladze, G. R. ed., Greek Colonisation: An Account of Greek Colonies and Other Settlements Overseas. Volume Two. Mnemosyne, bibliotheca classica Batava. Leiden; Boston, 1–154.Google Scholar
Tiverios, M. A. 2012. ‘Andros and Its Colonies’, Mediterranean Archaeology 25, 273–281.Google Scholar
Toffolo, M., Arie, E., Martin, M., Boaretto, E., and Finkelstein, I. 2014. ‘Absolute Chronology of Megiddo, Israel, in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages: High-Resolution Radiocarbon Dating’, Radiocarbon 56 (1), 221–244.Google Scholar
Torrey, C. C. 1936. ‘The Foundry of the Second Temple at Jerusalem’, Journal of Biblical Literature 55 (4), 247–260.Google Scholar
Torrey, C. C. 1943. ‘The Evolution of a Financier in the Ancient Near East’, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 2 (4), 295–301.Google Scholar
Treister, M. Y. 1996a. ‘The Trojan Treasures: Description, Chronology, Historical Context’, in Antonova, I., Tolstikow, W., and Treister, M. Y. eds., The Gold of Troy: Searching for Homer’s Fabled City. London; New York, 197–234.Google Scholar
Treister, M. Y. 1996b. The Role of Metals in Ancient Greek History. Mnemosyne, bibliotheca classica Batava. Supplementum. Leiden.Google Scholar
Tsetskhladze, G. R. 1994. ‘Greek Penetration of the Black Sea’, in Tsetskhladze, G. R., and De Angelis, F. eds., The Archaeology of Greek Colonization. Oxford University School of Archaeology Monograph. Oxford, 111–135.Google Scholar
Tsetskhladze, G. R. 1995. ‘Did the Greeks Go to Colchis for Metals?’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 14 (3), 307–331.Google Scholar
Tsetskhladze, G. R. 1998. ‘Trade at the Black Sea in the Archaic and Classical Periods: Some Observations’, in Parkins, H. M., and Smith, C. J. eds., Trade, Traders and the Ancient City. London, 52–74.Google Scholar
Tsigarida, B. 2011. ‘Chalcidice’, in Lane Fox, R. ed., Brill’s Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC–300 AD. Leiden, 137–158.Google Scholar
Ulf, C. 2009. ‘The World of Homer and Hesiod’, in Raaflaub, K. A., and van Wees, H. eds., A Companion to Archaic Greece. Malden; Oxford, 81–99.Google Scholar
Ussishkin, D. 1995. ‘The Destruction of Megiddo at the End of the Late Bronze Age and Its Historical Significance’, Tel Aviv 22 (2), 240–267.Google Scholar
Vanschoonwinkel, J. 2006. ‘Mycenaean Expansion’, in Tsetskhladze, G. R. ed., Greek Colonisation: An Account of Greek Colonies and Other Settlements Overseas. Volume One. Mnemosyne, bibliotheca classica Batava. Leiden; Boston, 41–113.Google Scholar
van Alfen, P. 2016. ‘Aegean-Levantine Trade, 600–300 BCE – Commodities, Consumers, and the Problem of Autarkeia’, in Harris, E. M., Lewis, D. M., and Woolmer, M. eds., The Ancient Greek Economy: Markets, Households and City-States. New York, 277–298.Google Scholar
van Alfen, P. 2020. ‘The Role of “The State” in Early Electrum Coinage’, in van Alfen, P., Wartenberg, U., Fischer-Bossert, W., Gitler, H., Konuk, K., and Lorber, C. C. eds., White Gold: Studies in Early Electrum Coinage. New York and Jerusalem, 547–568.Google Scholar
van Alfen, P., Wartenberg, U., Fischer-Bossert, W., Gitler, H., Konuk, K., and Lorber, C. C. eds. 2020. White Gold: Studies in Early Electrum Coinage. New York and Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Van Beek, G. W. 1993. ‘Tell Jemmeh’, in Stern, E., Lewinson-Gilboa, A., and Aviram, J. eds., The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Jerusalem, 667–674.Google Scholar
Van de Mieroop, M. 2002. ‘A History of Near Eastern Debt?’, in Hudson, M., and Van de Mieroop, M. eds., Debt and Economic Renewal in the Ancient Near East. Bethesda, 59–94.Google Scholar
Van de Mieroop, M. 2004. A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000–323 BC. Blackwell History of the Ancient World. Malden.Google Scholar
Van de Mieroop, M. 2011. A History of Ancient Egypt. Blackwell History of the Ancient World. Chichester.Google Scholar
van der Brugge, C. 2017. ‘Of Production, Trade, Profit and Destruction: An Economic Interpretation of Sennacherib’s Third Campaign’, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 60 (3), 292–335.Google Scholar
van Wees, H. 1998. ‘The Law of Gratitude: Reciprocity in Anthropological Theory’, in Gill, C., Postlethwaite, N., and Seaford, R. eds., Reciprocity in Ancient Greece. Oxford, 13–49.Google Scholar
van Wees, H. 2009. ‘The Economy’, in Raaflaub, K. A., and van Wees, H. eds., A Companion to Archaic Greece. Malden; Oxford, 444–467.Google Scholar
van Wees, H. 2013. Ships and Silver, Taxes and Tribute: A Fiscal History of Archaic Athens. London.Google Scholar
van Wijngaarden, G. J. 2017. ‘Shifts in Value? Exotica in the 13th–12th Centuries BCE Mediterranean’, in Fischer, P. M., and Bürge, T. eds., ‘Sea Peoples’ Up-to-Date: New Research on Transformations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 13th–11th Centuries BCE: Proceedings of the ESF-Workshop Held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 3–4 November 2014. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Denkschriften der Gesamtakademie. Vienna, 401–412.Google Scholar
Vargyas, P. 2007. ‘Fakes before Coins?: On the Gold and Silver Hoards from Level V at Beth-Shean’, in Crawford, S. W., Ben-Tor, A., Dessel, J. P., Dever, W. G., Mazar, A., and Aviram, J. eds., ‘Up to the Gates of Ekron’: Essays on the Archaeology and History of the Eastern Mediterranean in Honor of Seymour Gitin. Jerusalem, 295–304.Google Scholar
Vargyas, P. 2010. ‘The Amarna Treasure and the Thief’, in Csabai, Z. ed., From Elephantine to Babylon: Selected Studies of Péter Vargyas on Ancient Near Eastern Economy. Ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean Studies. Budapest, 147–156.Google Scholar
Vavelidis, M., and Andreou, S. 2008. ‘Gold and Gold Working in Late Bronze Age Northern Greece’, Naturwissenschaften 95 (4), 361–366.Google Scholar
Velde, F. R. 2020. ‘A Quantitative Approach to the Beginnings of Coinage’, in van Alfen, P., Wartenberg, U., Fischer-Bossert, W., Gitler, H., Konuk, K., and Lorber, C. C. eds., White Gold: Studies in Early Electrum Coinage. New York and Jerusalem, 497–516.Google Scholar
Venit, M. S. 1984. ‘Early Attic Black Figure Vases in Egypt’, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 21, 141–154.Google Scholar
Verdan, S. 2010. ‘Die Einstehung der Stadt’, in Martin Pruvot, C., Reber, K., and Theurillat, T. eds., Ausgegraben! Schweizer Archäologen erforschen die griechische Stadt Eretria : Eine Ausstellung der Schweizerischen Archäologischen Schule in Griechenland in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Antikenmuseum Basel und Sammlung Ludwig. Basel; Gollion, 64–71.Google Scholar
Verdan, S. 2013. Eretria XXII. Le sanctuaire d’Apollon Daphnéphoros à l’époque géométrique. Gollion; Lausanne.Google Scholar
Verdan, S. 2017. ‘Counting on Pots? Reflections on Numerical Notations in Early Iron Age Greece’, in Clay, J. S., Malkin, I., and Tzifopoulos, Y. eds., Panhellenes at Methone: Graphê in Late Geometric and Protoarchaic Methone, Macedonia (ca 700 BCE). Berlin; Boston, 105–122.Google Scholar
Verdan, S. forthcoming. ‘Metallurgical Ceramics from the Hypogeion at Methone’ in Morris, S. P., and Papadopoulos, J. K. eds., Excavations at Ancient Methone, 2003–2011. Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Verdan, S., and Heymans, E. D. forthcoming. ‘Men and Metals on the Move: The Case of ‘Euboean’ Gold’, in Cinquantaquattro, T. E., and D’Acunto, M. eds. Pithecusa and Euboea between East and West (Euboica II). Proceedings of the International Colloquium in Lacco Ameno (Ischia), 14–17 May, 2018.Google Scholar
Villing, A. 2015. ‘Naukratis, Egypt and Mediterranean World: Greek-Egyptian Relations in the 7th to 6th centuries BC.’ www.britishmuseum.org/PDF/Naukratis_ORC_Greek_Egyptian_Relations_Villing.pdf.Google Scholar
Villing, A., and Schlotzhauer, U. 2006a. Naukratis: Greek Diversity in Egypt: Studies on East Greek Pottery and Exchange in the Eastern Mediterranean. British Museum Research Publication. London.Google Scholar
Villing, A., and Schlotzhauer, U. 2006b. ‘Naukratis and the Eastern Mediterranean: Past, Present and Future’, in Villing, A., and Schlotzhauer, U. eds., Naukratis: Greek Diversity in Egypt. Studies on East Greek Pottery and Exchange in the Eastern Mediterranean. The British Museum Research Publication. London, 1–10.Google Scholar
Vittmann, G. 2003. Ägypten und die Fremden im ersten vorchristlichen Jahrtausend. Mainz.Google Scholar
von Luschan, F., and Andrae, W. E. 1943. Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli V. Die Kleinfunde von Sendschirli. Mitteilungen aus den orientalischen Sammlungen. Berlin.Google Scholar
von Reden, S. 1997. ‘Money, Law and Exchange: Coinage in the Greek Polis’, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 117, 154–176.Google Scholar
von Reden, S. 2002. ‘Money in the Ancient Economy: A Survey of Recent Research’, Klio 84 (1), 141–174.Google Scholar
von Reden, S. 2010. Money in Classical Antiquity. Key Themes in Ancient History. New York.Google Scholar
Voutsaki, S., and Killen, J. T. eds. 2001. Economy and Politics in the Mycenaean Palace States: Proceedings of a Conference Held on 1–3 July 1999 in the Faculty of Classics, Cambridge. Supplementary Volume/Cambridge Philological Society. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Wagner, G. A., Pernicka, E., Gialoglou, G., and Vavelidis, M. 1981. ‘Ancient Gold Mines on Thasos’, Naturwissenschaften 68 (5), 263–264.Google Scholar
Wagner, G. A., Pernicka, E., Vavelidis, M., Baranyi, I., and Bassiakos, Y. 1986. ‘Archaeometallurgische Untersuchungen auf Chalkidike’, Der Anschnitt 5–6, 166–186.Google Scholar
Wagner, G., and Weisgerber, G. eds. 1985. Silber, Blei und Gold auf Sifnos: Prähistorische und antike Metallproduktion. Der Anschnitt. Beiheft. Bochum.Google Scholar
Waiman-Barak, P., Gilboa, A., and Goren, Y. 2014. ‘A Stratified Sequence of Early Iron Age Egyptian Ceramics at Tel Dor, Israel’, Ägypten und Levante/Egypt and the Levant 24, 315–342.Google Scholar
Waldstein, C. 1902. The Argive Heraeum, Vol. 1: General Introduction, Geology, Architecture, Marble Statuary and Inscriptions. Boston; New York.Google Scholar
Waldstein, C. 1905. The Argive Heraeum, Vol. 2: Terra-Cotta Figurines, Terra-Cotta Reliefs, Vases and Vase Fragments, Bronzes, Engraved Stones, Gems, and Ivories, Coins, Egyptian or Graeco-Egyptian, Objects. Boston; New York.Google Scholar
Wallace, R. W. 1983. ‘The Date of Solon’s Reforms’, American Journal of Ancient History 8, 81–95.Google Scholar
Wallace, R. W. 1987. ‘The Origin of Electrum Coinage’, American Journal of Archaeology 91 (3), 385–397.Google Scholar
Wallace, R. W. 2016. ‘Redating Croesus: Herodotean Chronologies, and the Dates of the Earliest Coinages’, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 136, 168–181.Google Scholar
Walton, J. T. 2015. ‘The Regional Economy of the Southern Levant in the 8th–7th Centuries BCE’, PhD dissertation, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Warburton, D. A. 2009. ‘Economics, Anthropological Models and the Ancient Near East’, Anthropology of the Middle East 4 (1), 65–90.Google Scholar
Watts, J. W. 2011. ‘Aaron and the Golden Calf in the Rhetoric of the Pentateuch’, Journal of Biblical Literature 130 (3), 417–430.Google Scholar
Weatherford, J. M. 1997. The History of Money: From Sandstone to Cyberspace. New York.Google Scholar
Weiner, A. B. 1992. Inalienable Possessions: The Paradox of Keeping-While-Giving. Berkeley; Oxford.Google Scholar
Weinstein, J. M. 1981. ‘The Egyptian Empire in Palestine: A Reassessment’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 241, 1–28.Google Scholar
Weinstein, J. M. 1992. ‘The Collapse of the Egyptian Empire in the Southern Levant’, in Joukowsky, M., and Ward, W. A. eds., The Crisis Years: the 12th Century B.C. from Beyond the Danube to the Tigris. Dubuque, 142–163.Google Scholar
Weiss, E., and Kislev, M .E. 2004. ‘Plant Remains As Indicators for Economic Activity: A Case Study from Iron Age Ashkelon’, Journal of Archaeological Science 31 (1), 1–13.Google Scholar
Wengrow, D. 2011. ‘“ Archival” and “Sacrificial” Economies in Bronze Age Eurasia: An Interactionist Approach to the Hoarding of Metals’, in Wilkinson, T. C., Sherratt, E. S., and Bennet, J. eds., Interweaving Worlds: Systemic Interactions in Eurasia, 7th to 1st millennia BC. Oxford, 135–144.Google Scholar
Wente, E. F. 2003. ‘The Report of Wenamon’, in Simpson, W. K. ed., The Literature of Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Stories, Instructions, Stelae, Autobiographies, and Poetry. New Haven, 116–124.Google Scholar
Wertime, T. A. 1973. ‘The Beginnings of Metallurgy: A New Look: Arguments over Diffusion and Independent Invention Ignore the Complex Metallurgic Crafts Leading to Iron’, Science (New York) 182 (4115), 875–887.Google Scholar
West, M. L. 1997. The East Face of Helicon: West Asiatic Elements in Early Poetry and Myth. Oxford.Google Scholar
West, M. L. 2005. ‘“Odyssey” and “Argonautica”’, The Classical Quarterly 55 (1), 39–64.Google Scholar
Whitley, J. 1991. ‘Social Diversity in Dark Age Greece’, The Annual of the British School at Athens 86, 341–365.Google Scholar
Whitley, J. 2001. The Archaeology of Ancient Greece. Cambridge World Archaeology. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Whitley, J. 2002. ‘Objects with Attitude: Biographical Facts and Fallacies in the Study of Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Warrior Graves’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 12 (2), 217–232.Google Scholar
Wigg-Wolf, D. 2011. ‘The Function of Celtic Coinages in Northern Gaul’, in García-Bellido, M. P., Callegarin, L., and Diéz, A. J. eds., Barter, Money and Coinage in the Ancient Mediterranean (10th–1st centuries BC), 301–314.Google Scholar
Williams, G. 2007. ‘Kingship, Christianity and Coinage: Monetary and Political Perspectives on Silver Economy in the Viking Age’, in Graham-Campbell, J., and Williams, G. eds., Silver Economy in the Viking Age. Walnut Creek, 177–214.Google Scholar
Williamson, G. C. 1894. The Money of the Bible: Illustrated by Numerous Woodcuts and Facsimile Representations. By-paths of Bible Knowledge. London.Google Scholar
Winand, J. 2011. ‘The Report of Wenamun: A Journey in Ancient Egyptian Literature’, in Collier, M., and Snape, S. R. eds., Ramesside Studies in Honour of K. A. Kitchen. Bolton, 541–559.Google Scholar
Winter, I. J. 1995. ‘Homer’s Phoenicians: History, Ethnography, or Literary Trope? A Perspective on Early Orientalism’, in Carter, J. B., and Morris, S. P. eds., The Ages of Homer: A Tribute to Emily Townsend Vermeule. Austin, 247–271.Google Scholar
Wiseman, R. 2018. ‘Random Accumulation and Breaking: The Formation of Bronze Age Scrap Hoards in England and Wales’, Journal of Archaeological Science 90, 39–49.Google Scholar
Wood, J. R., Montero-Ruiz, I., and Martinón-Torres, M. 2019. ‘From Iberia to the Southern Levant: The Movement of Silver across the Mediterranean in the Early Iron Age’, Journal of World Prehistory 32 (1), 1–31.Google Scholar
Wolf, E. R. 1982. Europe and the People without History. Berkeley; Los Angeles; London.Google Scholar
Wray, L. R. ed. 2004. Credit and State Theories of Money: The Contributions of A. Mitchell Innes. Cheltenham.Google Scholar
Wright, G. E. 1965. Shechem: The Biography of a Biblical City. The Norton Lectures of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. New York.Google Scholar
Wright, G. R. H. 2002. Shechem III: The Stratigraphy and Architecture of Shechem/Tell Balatah. Volume 2: The Illustrations. ASOR Archaeological Reports no. 6. Boston.Google Scholar
Wright, L. S. 1989. ‘MKR in 2 Kings XII 5–17 and Deuteronomy XVIII 8’, Vetus Testamentum 39 (4), 438–448.Google Scholar
Yadin, Y. 1970a. ‘Megiddo of the Kings of Israel’, The Biblical Archaeologist 33 (3), 65–96.Google Scholar
Yahalom-Mack, N., Langgut, D., Dvir, O., Tirosh, O., Eliyahu-Behar, A., Erel, Y., Langford, B., Frumkin, A., Ullman, M., and Davidovich, U. 2015. ‘The Earliest Lead Object in the Levant’, PLOS ONE 10 (12), e0142948.Google Scholar
Yahalom-Mack, N., Panitz-Cohen, N., Eshel, T., and Mullins, R. 2019. ‘A Late Bronze IIB Silver Hoard from Tel Abel Beth Maacah’, Israel Exploration Journal 69 (2), 129–153.Google Scholar
Yan, Y. 2005. ‘The Gift and Gift Economy’, in Carrier, J. G. ed., A Handbook of Economic Anthropology. Cheltenham, 246–261.Google Scholar
Yannai, E. 1996. ‘A New Approach to Levels VI–V at Tel Beth-Shan’, Tel Aviv 23 (2), 185–194.Google Scholar
Yeivin, Z. 1971b. ‘Es-Samo’a (As-Samu’)’, Israel Exploration Journal 21 (2/3), 174–175.Google Scholar
Yeivin, Z. 1987. ‘The Mysterious Silver Hoard from Eshtemoa’, Biblical Archaeology Review 13 (6), 38–44.Google Scholar
Yeivin, Z. 1990. ‘The Silver Hoard from Eshtemoa’, ‘Atiqot (Hebrew Series) 10, 43–57 (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Yeivin, Z. 1993. ‘Eshtemoa’, in Stern, E., Lewinson-Gilboa, A., and Aviram, J. eds., The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Vol. 2. Jerusalem, 423–426.Google Scholar
Yellen, J. E. 1990. ‘The Transformation of the Kalahari !Kung’, Scientific American 262 (4), 96–105.Google Scholar
Yon, M. 1992. ‘The End of the Kingdom of Ugarit’, in Joukowsky, M., and Ward, W. A. eds., The Crisis Years: The 12th Century B.C. from Beyond the Danube to the Tigris. Dubuque, 111–122.Google Scholar
Younger, K. L. Jr. 2000a. ‘Black Obelisk (2.113F)’, in Hallo, W. W., and Younger, K. L. Jr. eds., The Context of Scripture. Vol. II. Monumental Inscriptions from the Biblical World. Leiden, 269–270.Google Scholar
Younger, K. L. 2000b. ‘The Calah Annals (2.117A)’, in Hallo, W. W., and Younger, K. L. Jr. eds., The Context of Scripture. Vol. II. Monumental Inscriptions from the Biblical World. Leiden, 284–286.Google Scholar
Younger, K. L. 2000c. ‘The Iran stela (2.117B)’, in Hallo, W. W., and Younger, K. L. Jr. eds., The Context of Scripture. Vol. II. Monumental Inscriptions from the Biblical World. Leiden, 287.Google Scholar
Younger, K. L. 2000d. ‘Summary Inscription 4 (2.117C)’, in Hallo, W. W., and Younger, K. L. Jr. eds., The Context of Scripture. Vol. II. Monumental Inscriptions from the Biblical World. Leiden, 287–289.Google Scholar
Younger, K. L. 2000e. ‘Summary Inscription 7 (2.117D)’, in Hallo, W. W., and Younger, K. L. Jr. eds., The Context of Scripture. Vol. II. Monumental Inscriptions from the Biblical World. Leiden, 289–290.Google Scholar
Younger, K. L. 2015. ‘The Assyrian Economic Impact on the Southern Levant in the Light of Recent Study’, Israel Exploration Journal 65 (2), 179–204.Google Scholar
Zaccagnini, C. 1973. Lo scambio dei doni nel Vicino Oriente durante i secoli XV–XIII. Orientis antiqui collectio. Rome, 224.Google Scholar
Zaccagnini, C. 1991. ‘Ancora sulle coppe d’oro e d’argento nel Vicino Oriente del Tardo Bronzo’, Scienze dell’antichità 5, 369–379.Google Scholar
Zaccagnini, C. 1999–2001. ‘The Mina of Karkemiš and Other Minas’, State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 13, 39–56.Google Scholar
Zangani, F. 2016. ‘Amarna and Uluburun: Reconsidering Patterns of Exchange in the Late Bronze Age’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 148 (4), 230–244.Google Scholar
Zapassky, E., Gadot, Y., Finkelstein, I., and Benenson, I. 2012. ‘An Ancient Relation between Units of Length and Volume Based on a Sphere’, PLOS ONE 7 (3), e33895.Google Scholar
Zarzecki-Peleg, A. 2005. ‘Tel Megiddo during the Iron Age I and IIA–IIB. The Excavations of the Yadin Expedition at Megiddo and their Contribution for Comprehending the History of this Site and other Contemporary Sites in Northern Israel’, PhD dissertation, Hebrew University (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Zertal, A. 2007. The Manasseh Hill Country Survey. Volume II: The Eastern Valleys and the Fringes of the Desert. Leiden.Google Scholar
Zertal, A., and Mirkam, N. 2016. The Manasseh Hill Country Survey. Volume III: From Nahal ‘Iron to Nahal Shechem. Leiden.Google Scholar
Zurbach, J. 2017. ‘Esclaves, dette, monnaie en Grèce mycénienne’, in Nosch, M., and Landenius Enegren, H. eds., Aegean Scripts: Proceedings of the 14th International Colloquium on Mycenaean Studies, Copenhagen, 2–5 September 2015. Incunabula Graeca. Rome, 659–672.Google Scholar
Zurbach, J. 2018. ‘New Perspectives on Money in the Late Bronze to Iron Age Aegean’, in Tekin, O. ed., Second International Congress on the of History of Money and Numismatics in the Mediterranean World, 5–8 January 2017, Antalya. Proceedings. Istanbul, 1–13.Google Scholar