Book contents
- The Origins of AIDS
- The Origins of AIDS
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Maps
- Acknowledgements
- Note on Toponymy
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Chapter 1 Out of Africa
- Chapter 2 The Source
- Chapter 3 The Timing
- Chapter 4 The Cut Hunter
- Chapter 5 The Scramble for Central Africa
- Chapter 6 Tropical Boom Towns
- Chapter 7 The Oldest Profession
- Chapter 8 Injections and the Transmission of Viruses
- Chapter 9 The Legacies of French Colonial Medicine
- Chapter 10 The Legacies of Belgian Tropical Medicine
- Chapter 11 The Other Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
- Chapter 12 From the Congo to the Caribbean
- Chapter 13 The Blood Trade
- Chapter 14 A Long Journey
- Chapter 15 Globalisation
- Chapter 16 A False Villain, a Genuine Hero
- Chapter 17 Epilogue
- References
- Index
Chapter 11 - The Other Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 January 2021
- The Origins of AIDS
- The Origins of AIDS
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Maps
- Acknowledgements
- Note on Toponymy
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Chapter 1 Out of Africa
- Chapter 2 The Source
- Chapter 3 The Timing
- Chapter 4 The Cut Hunter
- Chapter 5 The Scramble for Central Africa
- Chapter 6 Tropical Boom Towns
- Chapter 7 The Oldest Profession
- Chapter 8 Injections and the Transmission of Viruses
- Chapter 9 The Legacies of French Colonial Medicine
- Chapter 10 The Legacies of Belgian Tropical Medicine
- Chapter 11 The Other Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
- Chapter 12 From the Congo to the Caribbean
- Chapter 13 The Blood Trade
- Chapter 14 A Long Journey
- Chapter 15 Globalisation
- Chapter 16 A False Villain, a Genuine Hero
- Chapter 17 Epilogue
- References
- Index
Summary
Chapter 11 looks at human immunodeficiency viruses other than HIV-1 group M. This includes the other three groups of HIV-1 (groups N, O and P) as well as HIV-2. Their geographic points of origin are identified and an attempt is made to understand their very different fates: from two persons infected (HIV-1 group P) to seventy-eight million (HIV-1 group M). It is concluded that chance and geography played a role (i.e. whether or not the viruses had access to the capital of the Belgian Congo), as well as biological factors (HIV-1 group M being more transmissible). Then HIV-2 is examined: its simian source, geographic distribution, and lower pathogenicity and transmissibility. Through a review of the colonial and post-colonial history of Guinea-Bissau, its epicentre, it becomes clear that iatrogenic transmission must have been the driving force in the emergence of HIV-2. The path of this retrovirus is followed all the way to Goa in Portuguese India, and historical factors support the view that this may have been the first successful exportation of a human immunodeficiency virus outside Africa.
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- The Origins of AIDS , pp. 233 - 253Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2021