Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures
- List of tables
- List of contributors
- Introduction
- 1 Colonial lag, colonial innovation or simply language change?
- 2 Compound verbs
- 3 The formation of the preterite and the past participle
- 4 Synthetic and analytic comparatives
- 5 Phonology and grammar
- 6 Prepositions and postpositions
- 7 Argument structure
- 8 Reflexive structures
- 9 Noun phrase modification
- 10 Nominal complements
- 11 Non-finite complements
- 12 The present perfect and the preterite
- 13 The revived subjunctive
- 14 The mandative subjunctive
- 15 The conditional subjunctive
- 16 Tag questions
- 17 The pragmatics of adverbs
- 18 How different are American and British English grammar? And how are they different?
- 19 New departures
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Bibliography
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 July 2009
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures
- List of tables
- List of contributors
- Introduction
- 1 Colonial lag, colonial innovation or simply language change?
- 2 Compound verbs
- 3 The formation of the preterite and the past participle
- 4 Synthetic and analytic comparatives
- 5 Phonology and grammar
- 6 Prepositions and postpositions
- 7 Argument structure
- 8 Reflexive structures
- 9 Noun phrase modification
- 10 Nominal complements
- 11 Non-finite complements
- 12 The present perfect and the preterite
- 13 The revived subjunctive
- 14 The mandative subjunctive
- 15 The conditional subjunctive
- 16 Tag questions
- 17 The pragmatics of adverbs
- 18 How different are American and British English grammar? And how are they different?
- 19 New departures
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- One Language, Two Grammars?Differences between British and American English, pp. 424 - 451Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009
References
AHD 4 The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 2000. 4th edition. With CD-ROM. Edited by . Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Cambridge International Dictionary of English 1995. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
COLLINS 5 Collins Electronic English Dictionary & Thesaurus 2002. 5th edition. Version 3.0. Findon: Harper Collins Publishers.
COD 10 Concise Oxford Dictionary (10th Edition) on CD-ROM 2000. Version 1.0. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
EWED 2001 Encarta World English Dictionary 2001. CD-ROM. London: Bloomsbury.
Fowler's Modern English Usage 1965. 2nd edition. Edited by . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
LDOCE Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 2003. Edited by . New edition. Harlow: Longman.
MW 11 Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 2003. 11th edition. With CD-ROM. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
NODE 2000 The New Oxford Dictionary of English on CD-ROM 2000. Version 1.0. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
NHD The Newbury House Dictionary of American English 1999. With CD-ROM. Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle.
OED 2 The Oxford English Dictionary 1989. 2nd edition. Edited by and . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
OED on CD-ROM The Oxford English Dictionary (Second Edition) on CD-ROM 1994 (Version 1.13) and 2002 (Version 3.0). Edited by and . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
OED Online The Oxford English Dictionary Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [www.oed.com].
The Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners 2002. London: Macmillan.
Webster's New World College Dictionary 1996. 3rd edition. Edited by . Cleveland, OH: Macmillan.
2000. Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. 2nd edition. Harlow: Longman.
and (eds.) 1995. The Verb in Contemporary English: Theory and Description. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
and (eds.) 1990. Theory and Practice in Corpus Linguistics. Language and Computers: Studies in Practical Linguistics 4. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
and (eds.) 1997. Studies in English Language Research and Teaching. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
, and (eds.) 1995. Handbuch Englisch als Fremdsprache. Berlin: Schmidt.
1984. ‘“Sort of” and “kind of” in English conversation’, Studia Linguistica 38: 118–28.Google Scholar
and (eds.) 1991. English Corpus Linguistics: Studies in Honour of Jan Svartvik. London: Longman.
and (eds.) 2003. New Media Language. London: Routledge.
and 2004. ‘Subjunctive triggers in American English newspapers’. Paper presented at the American Association for Applied Linguistics, Portland, OR.
1988a. ‘British and American grammatical differences’, International Journal of Lexicography 1: 1–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1988b. ‘The tag question in British English: It's different, i'n'it?’, English World-Wide 9: 171–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1990. ‘It's a myth, innit? Politeness and the English tag question’, in and (eds.), pp. 443–50.
1992. ‘British and American mandative constructions’, in (ed.), pp. 599–617.
1995. ‘Having a look at the expanded predicate’, in and (eds.), pp. 203–17.
(ed.) 2001. The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. 6: English in North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
2001. ‘External History’, in (ed.), pp. 1–58.
2006. British or American English? A Handbook of Word and Grammar Patterns. Studies in English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1987. ‘English intensifiers and their idiosyncrasies’, in and (eds.), pp. 15–31.
1988. ‘Infinitivitis in English’, in and (eds.), pp. 11–23.
2001. Review of: Paradis, Carita 1997. Degree Modifiers of Adjectives in Spoken British English. Lund: Lund University Press. English Language and Linguistics 5: 184–8.Google Scholar
, and (eds.) 1979. Function and Context in Linguistic Analysis: A Festschrift for William Haas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
and (eds.) 1980. ALVAR: A Linguistically Varied Assortment of Readings: Studies Presented to Alvar Ellegård on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday. Stockholm Papers in English Language and Literature 1. University of Stockholm.
1982. The Genitive v. the Of-Construction: A Study of Syntactic Variation in 17th Century English. Malmö: CWK Gleerup.Google Scholar
and 1990. ‘Phraseology in spoken English: Presentation of a project’, in and (eds.), pp. 1–26.
1971. The Grammar of Case: Towards a Localistic Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
(ed.) 1982. Language Form and Linguistic Variation: Papers Dedicated to Angus McIntosh. Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRef
2001. ‘Modals, subjunctives, and (non-)finiteness’, English Language and Linguistics 5: 159–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2003. ‘Non-standard English and typological principles: The case of negation’, in and (eds.), pp. 507–29.
, , and 2000. ‘Heaviness vs. newness: The effects of structural complexity and discourse status on constituent ordering’, Language 76: 28–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(ed.) 1994. The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
and 1998. The British National Corpus 1995. Version 1.0. BNC Consortium/Oxford University Computing Services Handbook. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
1992. ‘The evolution of medical research writing from 1735 to 1985: The case of the Edinburgh Medical Journal ’, Applied Linguistics 13: 337–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2001. ‘Scientific discourse across history: A combined multi-dimensional/rhetorical analysis of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London’, in and (eds.), pp. 45–65.
2006. ‘Precept and practice: The influence of prescriptivism on the English subjunctive’, in , , and (eds.), pp. 33–54.
, , and (eds.) 2004. Text i Arbete/Text at Work: Festskrift till Britt-Louise Gunnarsson den 12 januari 2005/Essays in Honour of Britt-Louise Gunnarsson, 12 January 2005. Uppsala: Institutionen för nordiska språk and ASLA (Association suédoise de linguistique appliquée).
and (eds.) 1985. Papers on Language and Literature: Presented to Alvar Ellegård and Erik Frykman. Gothenburg Studies in English 60. Gothenburg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis.
2001. ‘American English abroad’, in (ed.), pp. 456–96.
1985. ‘Linguistic change in Present-Day English’, in and (eds.), pp. 36–45.
1990. Markedness: The Evaluative Superstructure of Language. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
2002. An Introduction to International Varieties of English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
and (eds.) 1998. Language Myths. London: Penguin.
1988. ‘Goodbye to all ‘that’? The history and present behaviour of optional ‘that’’, in and (eds.), pp. 44–66.
, , , , and (eds.) 1994. Papers from the 30th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, vol. 2: The Parasession on Variation in Linguistic Theory. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
et al. (eds.) 1994. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
1924. Deutsche Syntax: Eine geschichtliche Darstellung, vol. 2: Die Wortklassen und Wortformen. Heidelberg: Winter.Google Scholar
1934. The Subjunctive in Old English Poetry. Göteborgs högskolas årsskrift 40. Göteborg: Elander.Google Scholar
1999. ‘Stress variation in British and American English’, World Englishes 18: 123–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (eds.) 2004. An International Master of Syntax & Semantics. Papers Presented to Aimo Seppänen on the Occasion of his 75th Birthday. Gothenburg Studies in English 88. Gothenburg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis.
2007. Processing Complexity and Grammatical Variation in British and American English. Doctoral dissertation. University of Paderborn: English Department.
1987. ‘A textual comparison of British and American writing’, American Speech 62: 99–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1995. Dimensions of Register Variation: A Cross-Linguistic Comparison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2003. ‘Compressed noun phrase structures in newspaper discourse: The competing demands of popularization vs. economy’, in and (eds.), pp. 169–81.
and 2002. ‘Historical shifts in modification patterns with complex noun phrase structures: How long can you go without a verb?’, in and (eds.), pp. 43–66.
and 1989. ‘Drift and the evolution of English style: A history of three genres’, Language 65: 487–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 1997. ‘Diachronic relations among speech-based and written registers in English’, in and (eds.), pp. 253–75. Reprinted in Conrad and Biber (eds.), pp. 66–83.
, and 1994. ‘A Representative Corpus of Historical English Registers and its challenges: Compiling and exploring A Representative Corpus of Historical English Registers’, in , and (eds.), pp. 1–13.
and (eds.) 2001. English in Australia. Varieties of English Around the World: General Series 26. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(ed.) 1992. Language and Civilization: A Concerted Profusion of Essays and Studies in Honour of Otto Hietsch, vol. 2. Frankfurt: Lang.
, and (eds.) 2003. Probabilistic Linguistics. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
and (eds.) 1997. Anglistentag 1996 Dresden: Proceedings. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag.
1965a. Forms of English: Accent, Morpheme, Order. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
1965b. ‘Pitch accent and sentence rhythm’, in 1965a, pp. 139–80.
1968. Aspects of Language. New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Atlanta: Harcourt, Brace & World.Google Scholar
1979. ‘The jingle theory of double -ing’, in , and (eds.), pp. 41–56.
1902. Die Gradadverbien im Englischen. Anglistische Forschungen 10. Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger.Google Scholar
1982. Studien zur Syntax und Morphologie der Steigerungsformen im Englischen. Schweizer Anglistische Arbeiten 110. Bern: Francke.Google Scholar
and (eds.) 2002. From the COLT's Mouth, and Other Places. Studies in Honour of Anna-Brita Stenström. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
(ed.) 1996. English Historical Linguistics 1994: Papers from the 8th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRef
1907. ‘On the conservatism of language in a new country’, Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 22: 277–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1979. ‘Tag questions, transformational grammar and pragmatics’, Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics 9: 5–22.Google Scholar
2001. ‘Grammatical structure’, in (ed.), pp. 325–39.
1985. Morphology: A Study of the Relation Between Meaning and Form. Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2003. ‘Mechanisms of change in grammaticization: The role of frequency’, in and (eds.), pp. 602–23.
and (eds.) 2001. Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure. Typological Studies in Language 45. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins.CrossRef
and 2001. ‘Introduction to frequency and the emergence of linguistic structure’, in and (eds.), pp. 1–24.
and 1999. ‘The effect of usage on degrees of constituency: The reduction of don't in English’, Linguistics 37: 575–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 1982. ‘Rules and schemas in the development and use of the English past tense’, Language 58: 265–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , and (eds.) 1990. Proceedings from the Fourth Nordic Conference for English Studies, vol. 1. Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen, English Department.
1953. American into English: A Handbook for Translators. Melbourne and London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
2000. ‘The grammaticalization of concessive markers in Early Modern English’, in , and (eds.), pp. 85–110.
1991. ‘Variation in the use of ain't in an urban British dialect’, in and (eds.), pp. 54–73.
1974. ‘A note on the construction “adjective + a + noun”’, English Studies 55: 538–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1947. Spoken English: An Idiomatic Grammar for Foreign Students. Edinburgh and London: Oliver & Boyd.Google Scholar
1987. ‘Notes on the split infinitive’, Journal of English Linguistics 20: 217–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (eds.) 1975. Syntax and Semantics, vol. 3: Speech Acts. New York: Academic Press.
1995. ‘The indirect object construction in English: An informational approach’, Linguistics 33: 35–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 2004. ‘Australian English: Morphology and syntax’, in , and (eds.), pp. 593–610.
and (eds.) 2001. Variation in English: Multi-Dimensional Studies. London: Longman.
1995. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
2003. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
1999. Syntactic Nuts: Hard Cases, Syntactic Theory and Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
2003. Gender Shifts in the History of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (eds.) 2006. Syntax, Style and Grammatical Norms: English from 1500–2000. Bern, Berlin, Brussels, Frankfurt/Main, New York, Oxford, Wien: Lang.CrossRef
1989. Postmodifyng Clauses in the English Noun Phrase: A Corpus-Based Study. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
1973. Les Constructions Perfectives du Verbe Anglais Contemporain: Étude Comparée de l'Aspect Transcendant dans les Systèmes Verbaux Anglais et Français. Janua Linguarum, Series Practica, 185. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
1998. ‘Syntax’, in (ed.), pp. 92–329.
2003. ‘On verbal concord with collective nouns in British English’, English Language and Linguistics 7: 85–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1989. ‘A cognitive perspective on complementation’, in , , and (eds.), pp. 113–39.
1991. A New Approach to English Grammar, on Semantic Principles. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
and (eds.) 2003. Insights into Late Modern English. Bern: Lang.
2001. ‘“Surely you knew!” Surely as a marker of evidentiality and stance’, Functions of Language 8: 253–85.Google Scholar
2003. ‘Naturalness and morphological change’, in and (eds.), pp. 461–71.
1953. The Auxiliary Do: The Establishment and Regulation of its Use in English. Gothenburg Studies in English 2. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.Google Scholar
1869–89. Early English Pronunciation, with Especial Reference to Shakespeare and Chaucer. London: Asher.Google Scholar
1990. ‘The present perfect in American and British English: Some results from an elicitation test’, in , , , , , and (eds.), pp. 169–78.
1997. The Perfect and the Preterite in Contemporary and Earlier English. Topics in English Linguistics 21. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2000/2001. ‘A contrastive look at the present perfect/preterite opposition in English and Norwegian’, Languages in Contrast 3: 3–40.Google Scholar
and 2000. ‘The use of the present perfect in Australian English’, Australian Journal of Linguistics 20: 119–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1981. ‘Der Konjunktiv im britischen und amerikanischen English’, in and (eds.), pp. 110–31.
2000. ‘Competition in the wastebasket: A study of constructions with all, both and half ’, in and (eds.), pp. 103–16.
2004. Syntactic Variation in English Quantified Noun Phrases with all, whole, both and half. Växjö: Växjö University Press.Google Scholar
, and (eds.) 2003. Modality in Contemporary English. Topics in English Linguistics 44. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRef
1996a. ‘On the historical development of English retrospective verbs’, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 97: 71–9.Google Scholar
1996b. ‘The development of gerunds as objects of subject-control verbs in English (1400–1760)’, Diachronica 13: 29–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1996c. ‘The gerund in Early Modern English: Evidence from the Helsinki Corpus’, Folia Linguistica Historica 17: 97–152.Google Scholar
2004. ‘Is Cognitive Grammar a usage-based model? Towards a realistic account of English sentential complements’, Miscelánea: A Journal of English and American Studies 29: 23–58.Google Scholar
, and (eds.) 2002. English Historical Syntax and Morphology: Selected Papers from 11 ICEHL, Santiago de Compostela, 7–11 September 2000. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins.CrossRef
, and 1988. ‘Regularity and idiomaticity in grammatical constructions: The case of let alone’, Language 64: 501–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (eds.) 2002. Text Types and Corpora: Studies in Honour of Udo Fries. Tübingen: Narr.
1997a. ‘The grammaticalisation of infinitival to in English compared with German and Dutch’, in and (eds.), pp. 265–80.
1997b. ‘Infinitive marking in Late Middle English: Transitivity and changes in the English system of case’, in (ed.), pp. 109–34.CrossRef
2003. ‘Principles of grammaticalization and linguistic reality’, in and (eds.), pp. 445–78.
, and (eds.) 2004. Up and Down the Cline: The Nature of Grammaticalization. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins.CrossRef
, and (eds.) 2000. Pathways of Change: Grammaticalization in English. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins.CrossRef
(ed.) 1993. Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics, vol. 28. Poznań: Adam Mickiewicz University.
(ed.) 1997. Studies in Middle English Linguistics. Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs 103. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRef
2000. ‘The great leveler: The role of the spoken media in stylistic shift from the colloquial to the conventional’, American Speech 75: 54–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 1982. Frequency Analysis of English Usage: Lexicon and Grammar. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
, and (eds.) 1997. From Ælfric to the New York Times: Studies in English Corpus Linguistics. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
, and (eds.) 1994. Creating and Using English Language Corpora: Papers from the Fourteenth International Conference on English Language Research on Computerized Corpora, Zürich 1993. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
(ed.) 1988. Registers of Written English. London: Pinter.
1991. ‘Isomorphism in the grammatical code: Cognitive and biological considerations’, Studies in Language 15: 85–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1993. Morphological Regularization of Irregular Verbs: A Comparison of British and American English. Unpublished MA thesis. University of Freiburg: English Department.
1992. ‘The inherent semantics of argument structure: The case of the English ditransitive construction’, Cognitive Linguistics 3: 37–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1995. Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
(ed.) 1995. The Handbook of Phonological Theory. Cambridge, MA, and Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
2003. ‘If he come vs. if he comes, if he shall come: Some remarks on the subjunctive in conditional protases in early and late Modern English’, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 104: 303–13.Google Scholar
2004. The Evolution of the Comparative Degree in English: A Corpus-Based Study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Manchester University.
1987. ‘Colonial lag? The alleged conservative character of American English and other “colonial” varieties’, English World-Wide 8: 41–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 2002. ‘Durational variability in speech and the rhythm class hypothesis’, in and (eds.), pp. 515–46.
, and (eds.) 2005. The Power of Words: Studies in Honour of Moira Linnarud. Karlstad: Karlstad University Press.
1999. Acquisition of Comparative Forms in English. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The Graduate School of the City University of New York.
and 2005. ‘Acquisition of English Comparative Adjectives’, Journal of Child Language 32: 345–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1966. Language Universals with Special Reference to Feature Hierarchies. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
(ed.) 1978. Universals of Human Language, vol. 4: Syntax. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
1975. ‘Logic and conversation’, in and (eds.), pp. 41–58. Reprinted in Grice, H. Paul 1989. Studies in the Ways of Words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
and 2006. ‘The subjunctive in adverbial clauses in nineteenth-century English’, in , and (eds.), pp. 89–109.
and (eds.) 1996. Rethinking Linguistic Relativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1986. ‘The present subjunctive in contemporary British English’, Studia Anglica Posnaniensa 19: 61–74.Google Scholar
1985. Natural Syntax: Iconicity and Erosion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1994. ‘Iconicity and syntactic change’, in (ed.), pp. 1633–37.
1988. ‘On the language of physical science’, in (ed.), pp. 162–78.
1991. ‘Conservatism versus substratal transfer in Irish English’, in and (eds.), pp. 191–212.
1968. The Subjunctive in English. Alabama Linguistic & Philological Series 15. University of Alabama: University of Alabama Press.Google Scholar
and (eds.) 1995. On Subject and Theme: A Discourse Functional Perspective. Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRef
, and (eds.) 1930. Curme Volume of Linguistic Studies: Edited on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday. Linguistic Society of America: Language Monographs 7. Baltimore: Waverly Press.
1986. A Comparative Typology of English and German: Unifying the Contrasts. London and Sydney: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
1992. ‘Syntactic weight versus information structure in word order variation’, in (ed.), pp. 186–219.
1994. A Performance Theory of Order and Constituency. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
1999. ‘Processing complexity and filler-gap dependencies across grammars’, Language 75: 244–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2000. ‘The relative order of prepositional phrases in English: Going beyond manner-place-time’, Language Variation and Change 11: 231–66.Google Scholar
2003. ‘Why are zero-marked phrases close to their heads?’, in and (eds.), pp. 175–204.
, and 1991. Grammaticalization: A Conceptual Framework. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
and (eds.) 1983. Linguistic Categories: Auxiliaries and Related Puzzles. Dordrecht and Boston: Reidel.
, and 2005. ‘Pronominal determiners in gerundive nominalization: A “case” study’, English Studies 86: 71–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(ed.) 2004. Legacies of Colonial English: Studies in Transported Dialects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
and (eds.) 1997. Language History and Linguistic Modelling. A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak on his 60th Birthday, vol. 1: Language History. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRef
2003. ‘Analogical change’, in and (eds.), pp. 441–60.
and 2004. ‘Over het voorkomen van adjacente identieke elementen’ [‘On the use of adjacent identical elements’]. Paper presented at TIN-dag 2004, Utrecht.
2005. Grammaticalization and English Complex Prepositions: A Corpus-based Study. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
1984. ‘Hedging your bets and sitting on the fence: Some evidence for hedges as support structures’, Te Reo 27: 47–62.Google Scholar
1986. ‘Functions of you know in women's and men's speech’, Language in Society 15: 1–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2003. ‘Pseudo-coordination or to-construction: A corpus study of the “try and-problem”’. Unpublished term paper. University of Växjö: English Department.
and 2007. ‘Try to or try and? Verb complementation in British and American English’, ICAME Journal 31: 45–64.Google Scholar
1976. ‘Word frequency in lexical diffusion and the source of morphophonological change’, in (ed.), pp. 95–105.
and 2003. Grammaticalization. 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1978. ‘Some Aspects of Negation’, in (ed.), pp. 127–210.
1975. Guide to Patterns and Usage. 2nd edition [1st edition 1949]. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
1970. ‘Two approaches to the analysis of tags’, Journal of Linguistics 6: 215–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 2002. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 2005. A Student's Introduction to English Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1998. Perspectives on Fixedness: Applied and Theoretical. Lund: Lund University Press.Google Scholar
2003. ‘Gerunds without phrase structure’, Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 21: 579–615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1997. ‘Has British English been catching up with American English over the past thirty years?’, in (ed.), pp. 135–51.
1998a. New Zealand English Grammar: Fact or Fiction? A Corpus-Based Study in Morphosyntactic Variation. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1998b. ‘It is important that this study (should) be based on the analysis of parallel corpora: On the use of the mandative subjunctive in four major varieties of English’, in , and (eds.), pp. 159–75.
2001. ‘What corpora tell us about the grammaticalisation of voice in get-constructions’, Studies in Language 25: 49–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2004a. ‘The passival and the progressive passive – a case study of layering in the English aspect and voice systems’, in and (eds.), pp. 79–120.
2004b. ‘Animacy, agency and the spread of the progressive in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century English’, English Language and Linguistics 8: 47–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 1999. ‘“Agile” and “uptight” genres: The corpus-based approach to language change in progress’, International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 4: 221–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (eds.) 2007. Corpus Linguistics and the Web. Language and Computers 59. Amsterdam: Rodopi.CrossRef
(ed.) 1992. Informationsstruktur und Grammatik. Linguistische Berichte Sonderheft 4. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.CrossRef
1975. Factors Influencing the Placement of English Adverbs in Relation to Auxiliaries. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.Google Scholar
(ed.) 1980. Papers from the Scandinavian Symposium on Syntactic Variation, Stockholm, 1979. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.
1981. Preverbal Adverbs and Auxiliaries: A Study of Word Order Change. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.Google Scholar
, , and (eds.) 1989. Sentential Complementation and the Lexicon. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.
1909. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles, part I: Sounds and Spellings. London: George Allen & Unwin and Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard [Reprinted 1961 and 1965 by J. Dickens & Co., Northampton].Google Scholar
1927. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles, part III: Syntax (Second Volume). London: George Allen & Unwin and Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard [Reprinted 1961 and 1965 by J. Dickens & Co., Northampton].Google Scholar
1931. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles, part IV: Syntax (Third Volume). London: George Allen & Unwin and Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard [Reprinted 1961 and 1965 by J. Dickens & Co., Northampton].Google Scholar
1940. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles, part V: Syntax (Fourth Volume). London: George Allen & Unwin and Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard [Reprinted 1961 and 1965 by J. Dickens & Co., Northampton].Google Scholar
1942. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles, part VI: Morphology. London: George Allen & Unwin and Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard [Reprinted 1961 and 1965 by J. Dickens & Co., Northampton].Google Scholar
1949. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles, part VII: Syntax. London: George Allen & Unwin and Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard [Reprinted 1961 and 1965 by J. Dickens & Co., Northampton].Google Scholar
1979. ‘American and British English grammar: An elicitation experiment’, English Studies 60: 195–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1980. ‘Corpus-based studies of British and American English’, in (ed.), pp. 85–100.
and 1989. Frequency Analysis of English Vocabulary and Grammar: Based on the LOB Corpus. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
1990. ‘Constraints on Welsh English tags: Some evidence from children's language’, English World-Wide 11: 173–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1992. Social Stylistics: Syntactic Variation in British Newspapers. Topics in English Linguistics 6. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1989. A Metrical Theory of Stress and Destressing in English and Dutch. Doctoral dissertation. Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht.
1995. ‘The metrical theory of word stress’, in (ed.), pp. 367–402.
(ed.) 1991. Historical English Syntax. Topics in English Linguistics 2. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRef
, and (eds.) 2002. Anglistentag 2001 Wien. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag.
2001. ‘Not to be or to not be: More on split negative infinitives’, American Speech 76: 312–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 1977. ‘Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar’, Linguistic Inquiry 8: 63–99.Google Scholar
1938. ‘Concerning the present subjunctive in conditional clauses’, Studia Neophilologica 11: 257–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1982. Explanation in Phonology. Publications in Language Sciences. Dordrecht: Foris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1982. ‘Remarks on analogical change’, in , pp. 199–215.
1935. ‘To feed (tr. v.) construed with various objects and prepositions’, English Studies 17: 217–21.Google Scholar
1936. ‘The verbs with direct and indirect object re-examined’, English Studies 18: 1–16, 206–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1937. ‘The verbs with direct and indirect object re-examined: Conclusion’, English Studies 19: 97–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1951. ‘Die Verba mit “Stellungsdativ”: Primäre und sekundäre Passivumwandlungen’, Neuphilologische Zeitschrift 3: 38–44, 115–21.Google Scholar
1957. ‘Recent American influence on Standard English: The syntactical sphere’, Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 5: 29–42.Google Scholar
1959. ‘Zur transitiven und intransitiven Verwendung des englischen Verbums’, Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 7: 342–99.Google Scholar
(ed.) 2000. Corpora Galore: Analyses and Techniques in Describing English: Papers from the Nineteenth International Conference on English Language Research on Computerised Corpora (ICAME 1998). Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi.
1980. ‘Accustomed to swim: Accustomed to swimming. On verbal forms after TO’, in and (eds.), pp. 75–99.
2000. ‘Auxiliary marginalities: The case of try’, in (ed.), pp. 115–24.
2003. ‘On nonoccurring perfective have in Modern English’, Studia Neophilologica 75: 11–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (eds.) 1988. Essays on the English Language and Applied Linguistics on the Occasion of Gerhard Nickel's 60th Birthday. Heidelberg: Groos.
1999. ‘Still sat in your car? Pseudo-passives with sat and stood in the history of non-standard varieties of English English’, Sociolinguistica 13: 129–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2002. ‘Continuity and change in dialect morphosyntax’, in and (eds.), pp. 47–56.
2003. ‘Intensification and reflexivity in the languages of Europe: Parameters of variation and areal features’, in (ed.), pp. 229–52.
and 2000. ‘The development of complex reflexives and intensifiers in English’, Diachronica 17: 39–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1997. Adverbial Subordination. A Typology and History of Adverbial Subordinators Based on European Languages. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(ed.) 2004. Dialectology Meets Typology. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
and 1992. ‘Categorial reanalysis: The case of deverbal prepositions’, Linguistics 30: 671–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (eds.) 2004. A Handbook of Varieties of English, vol. 2: Morphology and Syntax. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
, and (eds.) 2006. Investigating and Facilitating Language Learning: Papers in Honour of Lienhard Legenhausen. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag.
1994. ‘Morphosyntactic Variation’, in , , , , and (eds.), pp. 180–201.
1998. ‘British English is developing a new discourse marker, innit? A study in lexicalisation on social, regional and stylistic variation’, Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 23: 145–97.Google Scholar
2000. Emerging English Modals: A Corpus-Based Study of Grammaticalization. Topics in English Linguistics 32. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2003. ‘Frequency as a determinant in grammatical variation and change’, in and (eds.), pp. 7–67.
1931. A Handbook of Present-Day English, part 2: English Accidence and Syntax 1. Groningen: Noordhoff.Google Scholar
1992. Prototypische und potentielle indirekte Objekte im Englischen. Doctoral dissertation. University of Bonn.
and (eds.) 1981. Weltsprache Englisch in Forschung und Lehre: Festschrift für Kurt Wächtler. Berlin: Erich Schmidt.
and (eds.) 2006. Linguistik International: Festschrift für Heinrich Weber. Lengerich: Pabst Science Publishers.
1991. Variation and Diachrony, with Early American English in Focus: Studies on CAN/MAY and SHALL/WILL. Frankfurt: Lang.Google Scholar
1993a. ‘Early American English’, in and (eds.), pp. 83–91.
1993b. ‘Third-person singular verb inflection in early British and American English’, Language Variation and Change 5: 113–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1996. ‘“The best and most excellentest way”: The rivalling forms of adjective comparison in Late Middle and Early Modern English’, in (ed.), pp. 123–44.
1997. ‘Be/have + past participle: The choice of the auxiliary with intransitives from Late Middle to Modern English’, in and (eds.) 1997a, pp. 17–85.
2004. ‘The emergence of American English: Evidence from seventeenth-century records in New England’, in (ed.), pp. 121–57.
and 1997. ‘Competing forms of adjective comparison in Modern English: What could be more quicker and easier and more effective?’, in and (eds.), pp. 329–52.
and 2000. ‘Adjective comparison and standardisation processes in American and British English from 1620 to the present’, in (ed.), pp. 171–94.
, and (eds.) 2006. Nineteenth-Century English: Stability and Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
1987. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1987. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, vol. 1: Theoretical Prerequisites. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
1988. ‘An overview of cognitive grammar’, in (ed.), pp. 3–48.
1990. ‘Where do extraterritorial Englishes come from? Dialect input and recodification in transported Englishes’, in , and (eds.), pp. 245–80.
(ed.) 1999. The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. 3: 1476–1776. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1999. ‘Phonology and morphology’, in (ed.), pp. 56–186.
, , and (eds.) 1990. Papers from the 5th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics. Cambridge, 6–9 April 1997. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins.
2003. ‘Modality on the move: The English modal auxiliaries 1961–1992’, in and (eds.), pp. 223–40.
and 1997. ‘The comparison of adjectives in recent British English’, in and (eds.), pp. 353–73.
and 1975. A Communicative Grammar of English. London, Beccles and Colchester: Longman.Google Scholar
, , and in press. Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
and 1995. ‘Kontrastivierung ausgewählter Strukturen im Englischen und Deutschen’, in , and (eds.), pp. 133–9.
1995. Thoughts on Grammaticalization. LINCOM Studies in Theoretical Linguistics 1. Munich and Newcastle: LINCOM Europa.Google Scholar
and in preparation. ‘Relativizers after same: Differences between British and American English’.
1976. Die Sprache Shakespeares und das amerikanische Englisch. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.Google Scholar
1993. English Verb Classes and Alternations: A Preliminary Investigation. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
2000. ‘Livelier or more lively? Syntactic and contextual factors influencing the comparison of disyllabic adjectives’, in (ed.), pp. 125–32.
and (eds.) 2004. Corpus Approaches to Grammaticalization in English. Studies in Corpus Linguistics 13. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins.CrossRef
, , and (eds.) 1998. The Major Varieties of English: Papers from MAVEN 97. Växjö: Acta Wexionensia.
and (eds.) 1994. Centennial Usage Studies. Tuscaloosa and London: University of Alabama Press.
(ed.) 1997. Corpus-Based Studies in English: Papers from the Seventeenth International Conference on English Language Research on Computerized Corpora. ICAME 17. Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi.
(ed.) 2003. Dalla linguistica areale alla tipologia linguistica (= Atti del Convegno della Società Italiana del Glottologia). Rome: Editrice ‘il Calamo’.
2006. ‘The form of the pronoun preceding the verbal gerund: Possessive or objective?’, ICAME Journal 30: 37–53.Google Scholar
1990. Infinitival Complement Clauses in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
1993. ‘A crosslinguistic functional constraint on believe-type raising in English and selected other European languages’, in (ed.), pp. 5–19.
1997. ‘Parallel corpora: A real-time approach to the study of language change in progress’, in (ed.), pp. 195–209.
1998. ‘Corpora and the major varieties of English: Issues and results’, in , , and (eds.), pp. 139–57.
2002. ‘Three changing patterns of verb complementation in Late Modern English: A real-time study based on matching text corpora’, English Language and Linguistics 6: 105–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2003. ‘Gerundial complements after begin and start: Grammatical and sociolinguistic factors, and how they work against each other’, in and (eds.), pp. 329–45.
2007a. ‘British English/American English grammar: Convergence in writing – divergence in speech?’, Anglia 125: 84–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2007b. ‘Varieties of English around the world: Collocational and cultural profiles’, in (ed.), pp. 437–68.
and 1995. ‘Why is the progressive becoming more frequent in English? A corpus-based investigation of language change in progress’, Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 43: 111–22.Google Scholar
and (eds.) 2000. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory: Papers from the Twentieth International Conference on English Language Research on Computerized Corpora, Freiburg im Breisgau, 1999. ICAME 20. Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi.
and (eds.) 1991. New Departures in Contrastive Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference Held at the Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Austria, 10–12 May 1991, vol. 2. Innsbruck: Amoe.
1983. ‘Transitive adjectives: A case of categorial reanalysis’, in and (eds.), pp. 253–89.
and (eds.) 2003. Åtta ordbildningsstudier. ORDAT 22. Göteborg: Göteborg University.
2003. ‘Probabilistic approaches to syntax’, in , and (eds.), pp. 289–341.
1969. The Categories and Types of Present-Day English Word Formation. 2nd edition. München: Beck.Google Scholar
and 1964. A Common Language: British and American English. The British Broadcasting Corporation and The United States Government.
1988. ‘Zur Distribution von synthetischer und analytischer Steigerung im historischen Englisch’, Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik 13: 105–21.Google Scholar
2000. ‘The ideology of the standard and the development of Extraterritorial Englishes’, in (ed.), pp. 73–92.
(ed.) 1992. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
, and (eds.) 2005. Contexts – Historical, Social, Linguistic: Studies in Celebration of Toril Swan. Bern: Lang.
1995. ‘The English “tag question”: A new analysis, is(n't)it?’, in and (eds.), pp. 91–121.
1936. The American Language: An Inquiry into the Development of English in the United States. 4th edition. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
1993. ‘The grammar of Scottish English’, in and (eds.), pp. 99–138.
2004a. ‘Problems for typology: Perfects and resultatives in spoken and non-standard English and Russian’, in (ed.), pp. 305–34.
2004b. ‘Perfect and resultative constructions in spoken and non-standard English’, in , and (eds.), pp. 229–46.
and (eds.) 1993. Real English: The Grammar of English Dialects in the British Isles. London and New York: Longman.
(ed.) 2002. Studies in Mid-Atlantic English. Gävle: Högskolan i Gävle.
2002. ‘Who used the subjunctive in the 17th century?’, in , , and (eds.), pp. 227–35.
2005a. ‘The mandative subjunctive in Middle English’. Paper presented at the Fifth International Conference on Middle English, 24–27 August 2005, University of Naples.
2005b. ‘The verbal syntagm in Middle English conditional clauses’, in and (eds.), pp. 216–27.
2003. ‘Support for more-support’, in and (eds.), pp. 251–304.
2007. ‘Recalcitrant problems of comparative alternation and new insights emerging from internet data’, in , and (eds.), pp. 211–32.
to appear a. More Support for More-Support: The Role of Processing Constraints on the Choice between Synthetic and Analytic Comparative Forms. Studies in Language Variation. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins.CrossRef
to appear b. ‘Variation and change in English resultatives’, Language Variation and Change.
1998. ‘In the Appalachians they speak like Shakespeare’, in and (eds.), pp. 66–76.
2001. ‘British and Irish antecedents’, in (ed.), pp. 86–153.
and 2004. ‘Colloquial American English: Grammatical features’, in and (eds.), pp. 221–44.
1960. A Middle English Syntax, part 1: Parts of Speech. Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki 23. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.Google Scholar
1984. The English Tag Question: A Study of Sentences Containing Tags of the Type ISN'T IT?, IS IT? Stockholm Studies in English 60. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.Google Scholar
and 1990. ‘What was, and what happened to, the subjunctive in English’, in , and (eds.), pp. 323–32.
and (eds.) 1997. To Explain the Present: Studies in the Changing English Language in Honour of Matti Rissanen. Memoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki 52. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.
1979. ‘Corporate-concord phenomena in English’, Studia Neophilologica 44: 120–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (eds.) 1988. An Historic Tongue: Studies in English Linguistics in Memory of Barbara Strang. London and New York: Routledge.
2000. Prinzipien der Irregularisierung: Eine kontrastive Analyse von zehn Verben in zehn germanischen Sprachen. Tübingen: Niemeyer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1996. ‘Linguistic resources for socializing humanity’, in and (eds.), pp. 407–37.
1993. ‘The development of periphrastic do in English: A case of lexical diffusion in syntax’, Diachronica 10: 51–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 1996. ‘Snowball effect in lexical diffusion: The development of -s in the third person singular present indicative in English’, in (ed.), pp. 119–41.CrossRef
1990. ‘A participle caught in the act: On the prepositional use of following’, Studia Neophilologica 62: 23–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1999. ‘The 1959 which-hunt in Scientific American: A study of language change’. Paper read at the conference on Major Varieties of English at the University of Lincoln.
2003. ‘Affiliated to or affiliated with – an academic question’, in and (eds.), pp. 80–9.
2004. ‘Them bones, them bones … Why is the leg bone connected to rather than with the knee bone?’, in , and (eds.), pp. 163–80.
2005. ‘The rise of that and fall of which: A case of monitored language change’, in , and (eds.), pp. 157–65.
1995. The Mandative Subjunctive in American and British English in the 20th Century. Studia Anglistica Upsaliensia 94. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis and Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.Google Scholar
and 1939. A Grammar of Spoken English. 2nd edition [1st edition 1924]. Cambridge: Heffer.Google Scholar
1997. Degree Modifiers of Adjectives in Spoken British English. Lund: Lund University Press.Google Scholar
and 1983. ‘Two puzzles for linguistic theory: Nativelike selection and nativelike fluency’, in and (eds.), pp. 191–226.
1997. ‘The development of reflexive strategies in English’, in , and (eds.) 1997b, pp. 277–370.
1976. Verb-Particle Constructions in American English: A Study Based on American Plays from the End of the 18th Century to the Present. Bern: Francke.Google Scholar
1994. ‘American and British influence in Australian verb morphology’, in , and (eds.), pp. 149–58.
1998. ‘The survival of the subjunctive: Evidence of its use in Australia and elsewhere’, English World-Wide 19: 87–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2001. ‘Corpus evidence on Australian style and usage’, in and (eds.), pp. 163–78.
2004. The Cambridge Guide to English Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2001. ‘Lexical diffusion, lexical frequency, and lexical analysis’, in and (eds.), pp. 123–36.
and 1994. ‘Regular and irregular morphology and the psychological status of rules of grammar’, in , and (eds.), pp. 321–51.
2003. Word-Formation in English. Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (eds.) 2000. Language Use, Language Acquisition and Language History: (Mostly) Empirical Studies in Honour of Rüdiger Zimmermann. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag.
1923. The Infinitive, the Gerund and the Participles of the English Verb. Groningen: Noordhoof.Google Scholar
and 1982. ‘Grammatical data by elicitation’, in (ed.), pp. 379–94.
, , and 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London and New York: Longman.Google Scholar
1991. ‘English tag questions and their equivalents in German’, in and (eds.), pp. 51–60.
1991. The Noun Phrase in Early Sixteenth-Century English: A Study Based on Sir Thomas More's Writings. Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki 50. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.Google Scholar
and 1991. ‘Collocational frameworks in English’, in and (eds.), pp. 128–44.
and (eds.) 1983. Language and Communication. London: Longman.
, , and 1995. ‘Syntactic variation and change in progress: Loss of the verbal coda in topic-restricting as far as constructions’, Language 71: 102–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (eds.) 1990. The State of the Language. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1999. ‘Syntax’, in (ed.), pp. 187–331.
2002. ‘Despite or notwithstanding? On the development of concessive prepositions in English’, in , and (eds.), pp. 191–203.
, and (eds.) 1997a. English in Transition: Corpus-Based Studies in Linguistic Variation and Genre Styles. Topics in English Linguistics 23. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRef
, and (eds.) 1997b. Grammaticalization at Work: Studies of Long-Term Developments in English. Topics in English Linguistics 24. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRef
, and (eds.) 1993. Early English in the Computer Age: Explorations through the Helsinki Corpus. Topics in English Linguistics 11. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
and (eds.) 2005. Rethinking Middle English: Linguistic and Literary Approaches. Frankfurt am Main: Lang.
1939. ‘British-American differentiations in syntax and idiom’, American Speech 14: 241–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2001. Tag Questions in British and American English: A Matter of Gender, Regional Dialect and Pragmatics. Unpublished MA thesis. University of Zurich: English Department.
1974. Sekundäre Subjektivierungen im Englischen und Deutschen: Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Verb- und Adjektivsyntax. Bielefeld: Cornelsen-Velhagen & Klasing.Google Scholar
1995a. ‘Betrachtungen zum Auf- und Abstieg einiger präpositionaler Konstruktionen im Englischen’, North-Western European Language Evolution (NOWELE) 26: 67–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1995b. ‘On the replacement of finite complement clauses by infinitives in English’, English Studies 76: 367–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1996a. ‘Cognitive complexity and increased grammatical explicitness in English’, Cognitive Linguistics 7: 149–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1996b. ‘Zur Einführung und Behauptung lexikalischer Einheiten durch syntaktische Struktursignale im Englischen’, in and (eds.), pp. 105–17.
1998. ‘Clarifying structural relationships in cases of increased complexity in English’, in (ed.), pp. 189–205.
2000. ‘The complexity principle as a factor determining grammatical variation and change in English’, in and (eds.), pp. 25–44.
2002. ‘Processing complexity and the variable use of prepositions in English’, in and (eds.), pp. 79–100.
2003a. ‘Cognitive complexity and horror aequi as factors determining the use of interrogative clause linkers in English’, in and (eds.), pp. 205–49.
2003b. ‘Aspects of grammatical iconicity in English’, in and (eds.), pp. 263–85.
2005. ‘Establishing a clause embedding hierarchy for extractions’. Paper given at the First International Conference on the Linguistics of Contemporary English (ICLCE) in Edinburgh, 23–26 June 2005.
2006a. ‘The role of functional constraints in the evolution of the English complementation system’, in , , and (eds.), pp. 143–66.
2006b. ‘Processing complexity and competing sentential variants in Present-Day English’, in and (eds.), pp. 51–67.
2006c. ‘Discrepancies between the rule formulations advanced by famous linguists and their own written usage’, in , and (eds.), pp. 47–63.
2007a. ‘Determinants of grammatical variation in English and the formation/confirmation of linguistic hypotheses by means of internet data’, in , and (eds.), pp. 191–209.
2007b. ‘Functional constraints in syntactic change: The rise and fall of prepositional constructions in Early and Late Modern English’, English Studies 88: 217–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2008. ‘On the history and present behaviour of subordinating that with adverbial conjunctions in English’, in and (eds.), 315–31.
in preparation. ‘Reflections on reflexives in Modern English’.
and (eds.) 2003. Determinants of Grammatical Variation in English. Topics in English Linguistics 43. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRef
and 2000. ‘Determinanten grammatischer Variation im Früh- und Spätneuenglischen’, Sprachwissenschaft 25: 443–96.Google Scholar
1929. Die Steigerung des neuenglischen Eigenschaftswortes im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert mit Ausblicken auf den Sprachgebrauch der Gegenwart. Doctoral dissertation. University of Giessen.
(ed.) 1998. The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. 4: 1776–1997. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2003. ‘Aspects of iconicity and economy in the choice between the s-gentive and the of-genitive in English’, in and (eds.), pp. 379–412.
2000. Corpora and Complementation: Tracing Sentential Complementation Patterns of Nouns, Adjectives and Verbs over the Last Three Centuries. Lanham, New York and Oxford: University Press of America.Google Scholar
2002. Complements and Constructions: Corpus-Based Studies on Sentential Complements in English in Recent Centuries. Lanham, New York and Oxford: University Press of America.Google Scholar
and (eds.) 1978. English Philology, Linguistics and Literature: Presented to Alerik Rynell. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.
1992. Lectures on Conversation, vol. 1. Edited by . Oxford, UK, and Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
1989. ‘The subjunctive in Indian, British and American English’, Linguistische Arbeitsberichte 69: 58–66.Google Scholar
2002. ‘Morphology recycled: The Principle of Rhythmic Alternation at work in Early and Late Modern English grammatical variation’, in , and (eds.), pp. 255–81.
2003. ‘Phonological determinants of grammatical variation in English: Chomsky's worst possible case’, in and (eds.), pp. 69–118.
2005. Rhythmic Grammar: The Influence of Rhythm on Grammatical Variation and Change in English. Topics in English Linguistics 46. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
to appear. ‘All beginnings are light: A study of upbeat phenomena at the syntax-phonology interface’, Journal of English Linguistics 37.
2002. ‘Quantitative techniques in the analysis of dialect data’, in , and (eds.), pp. 75–87.
, , and (eds.) 2002. Language – Context and Cognition: Papers in Honour of Wolf-Dietrich Bald's 60th Birthday. München: Langenscheidt-Longman.
1971. ‘Some constraints on the formation of English sentence adverbs’, Linguistic Inquiry 2: 83–102.Google Scholar
(ed.) 1998. Making Meaningful Choices in English: On Dimensions, Perspectives, Methodology and Evidence. Tübingen: Narr.
1984. Phonology and Syntax: The Relation between Sound and Structure. Cambridge, MA, and London, UK: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
and (eds.) 2008. Theoretical and Empirical Issues in Grammaticalization. Typological Studies in Language. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins.CrossRef
1978. ‘Some notes on the construction “adjective + a + noun”’, English Studies 59: 523–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1999. ‘The change of government of commit “pledge/bind oneself”’, American Speech 74: 333–6.Google Scholar
and 1999. The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage. Revised and expanded edition. New York: Times Books.Google Scholar
2004. ‘Substrate, superstrate and universals: Perfect constructions in Irish English’, in (ed.), pp. 401–34.
1997. Choosing Your Relatives. Doctoral dissertation. Victoria University of Wellington.
(ed.) 1987. Looking Up: An Account of the COBUILD Project in Lexical Computing and the Development of the Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary. London and Glasgow: Collins.
(ed.) 2007. Idioms in World English. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
1985. ‘Absent “without”: Adjective, participle, or preposition’, American Speech 60: 222–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1994. ‘Absent “without”: A new American English preposition’, in and (eds.), pp. 194–202.
and (eds.) 1987. Language Topics: Essays in Honour of Michael Halliday, vol. 2. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins.
1990. The Semantics of Syntactic Change: Aspects of the Evolution of do in English. Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs 47. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1997. ‘Tags in teenage talk’, in , and (eds.), pp. 139–48.
1901. Intensives and Down-Toners: A Study in English Adverbs. Anglistische Forschungen 1. Heidelberg: Winter.Google Scholar
(ed.) 1996. Words: Proceedings of an International Symposium, Lund, 25–26 August 1995. Konferenser 36. Stockholm: Kungl.
and (eds.) 1980. A Corpus of English Conversation. Lund: Gleerup.
1991. ‘Adverbial shifts: Evidence from Norwegian and English’, in (ed.), pp. 409–38.
1994. ‘The gradual development of degree modifier sort of and kind of: A corpus proximity model’, in et al. (eds.), pp. 451–65.
2003. ‘“Every place has a different toll”: Determinants of grammatical variation in a cross-variety perspective’, in and (eds.), pp. 531–54.
and 2002. ‘Think really different: Continuity and specialization in the English dual form adverbs’, Journal of Sociolinguistics 6: 226–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1994. ‘Variation in past tense formation in the history of English’, University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 1: 143–59.Google Scholar
1978. ‘Idioms with have? An experimental study of negative sentences with have in British and American English’, in and (eds.), pp. 151–69.
1991a. ‘Lexical diffusion in syntactic change: Frequency as a determinant of linguistic conservatism in the development of negation in English’, in (ed.), pp. 439–67.
1991b. ‘Conversational style in British and American English: The case of backchannels’, in and (eds.), pp. 254–71.
1997a. ‘Overseas relatives’, in and (eds.), pp. 153–65.
1997b. ‘Literacy and prescriptivism as determinants of linguistic change: A case study based on relativization strategies’, in and (eds.), pp. 83–93.
2002b. ‘Tall as he was or As tall as he was? Concessive constructions in American English’, in et al. (eds.), pp. 205–16.
2002c. ‘Non-categorical differences between American and British English: Some corpus evidence’, in (ed.), pp. 37–58.
2004a. Review of: (ed.) 2001. The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. 6. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen105: 383–90.
2004b. ‘Om att (öv)ersätta ersätta med substitute’, in , and (eds.), pp. 233–41.
2005. ‘On substituting with for for with substitute (and some other prepositions as well)’, in and (eds.), pp. 203–23.
and 2006. ‘Tag questions in British and American English’, Journal of English Linguistics 34: 283–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and to appear. ‘Tag questions in English: The first century’.
and 2002. ‘As and other relativizers after same in present-day Standard English’, in and (eds.), pp. 231–45.
2003. ‘Constructions in grammaticalization’, in and (eds.), pp. 624–47.
and 2002. Regularity in Semantic Change. Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 97. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
(ed.) 1978. Sociolinguistic Patterns in British English. London: Arnold.
and (eds.) 1991. Dialects of English: Studies in Grammatical Variation. London and New York: Longman.
and 2002. International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English. 4th edition. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
, and 2002. ‘Dynamic have in North American and British Isles English’, English Language and Linguistics 6: 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1980. ‘The marked subjunctive in contemporary English’, Studia Neophilologica 52: 271–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1963. An Historical Syntax of the English Language, part I: Syntactical Units with One Verb. Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
1966. An Historical Syntax of the English Language, part II: Syntactical Units with One Verb (continued). Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
1969. An Historical Syntax of the English Language, part III, 1st half: Syntactical Units with Two Verbs. Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
1973. An Historical Syntax of the English Language, part III, 2nd half: Syntactical Units with Two and with More Verbs. Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
2003a. ‘The role of extractions and horror aequi in the evolution of -ing complements in Modern English’, in and (eds.), pp. 305–27.
2003b. ‘Cognitive complexity and the establishment of -ing constructions with retrospective verbs in Modern English’, in and (eds.), pp. 197–220.
2006. Die Groβe Komplementverschiebung: Auβersemantische Einflüsse auf die Entwicklung satzwertiger Ergänzungen im Neuenglischen. Language in Performance 34. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
2001. ‘Arguments, reanalysis, and polysemy: diachronic changes in valency patterns’. Paper presented at the workshop on verbs, arguments, and polysemy, Konstanz.
and 2003. ‘Post-verbal constituent ordering in English’, in and (eds.), pp. 119–54.
1789. Dissertations on the English Language. Boston: Isaiah Thomas & Co. [Reproduced in (ed.) 1974. English Linguistics 1500–1800. London: The Scolar Press.]Google Scholar
and (eds.) 1996. Lexical Structures and Language Use: Proceedings of the International Conference on Lexicology and Lexical Semantics, Münster, September 13–15, 1994. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
and 2005. American English: Dialects and Variation. 2nd edition. Malden, MA, and Oxford, UK: Blackwell.Google Scholar
(ed.) 2000. The Development of Standard English, 1300–1800: Theories, Descriptions, Conflicts. Studies in English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
1930a. ‘Concerning the disappearance of the simple past in various Indo-European languages’, Philological Quarterly 9: 153–7.Google Scholar
1930b. ‘Der Untergang des einfachen Präteritums in verschiedenen indogermanischen Sprachen’, in , and (eds.), pp. 169–78.
, and (eds.) 1990. Papers from the 26th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, vol. 1: The Main Session. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
1935. The Psycho-Biology of Language: An Introduction to Dynamic Philology. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar