from PART I - POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2008
the lombard state
the laws which were promulgated by the Lombard king Liutprand (712–744) depict the model of an ideal state, based on elevated political ideas, peculiar to that prince and his age.
One basic principle was the solidarity of the king with the freemen who constituted the political body of the kingdom. This was in part a heritage of the ancient Germanic idea of the people participating in national sovereignty. This concept had not weakened after the Lombards established themselves in Italy. Under Liutprand it could be found in the recognition, implicit in his legislation, that it was the body of the free Lombards that ensured the two basic expressions of national sovereignty: military activity, and the ability to provide themselves with legal regulations. Thus the laws of Liutprand were promulgated in assemblies consisting of judges and royal fideles from all the partes of the kingdom, representing the entire Lombard people, who could no longer physically gather together. As for military activity, it should be noted that in Liutprand’s laws the free Lombard is usually identified with the exercitalis – the man who performs military service for the public authority. The traditional nature of this concept was stressed through the use of the ancient Lombard term arimannus as a synonym for exercitalis.
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