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11 - The Islamic east

from PART III - REGIONALISM

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2011

By
Elton Daniel
Edited by
Chase F. Robinson
Chase F. Robinson
Affiliation:
The Graduate Center, The City University of New York
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Summary

The concepts of both the ‘Islamic east’ and ‘regionalism’ are nebulous enough to require some definition for the purposes of this discussion. In the case of the ‘Islamic east’ there are two terms sometimes found in Muslim geographical and historical works that could be understood as referring to such an area: al-sharq and al-mashriq. Al-sharq, the east in general, should probably be understood, at least in the conceptual framework of most medieval Muslim geographers, as referring to everything to the east of Egypt. Al-mashriq, the eastern lands, refers to a smaller and more distinct component of this territory; as a term, it was certainly in usage by 203/818f., as it appears on a coin of that date. It was precisely defined by the geographer al-Muqaddasī (d. c. 380/990) as encompassing Khurāsān, Sīstān (Sijistān) and Transoxania (Mā Warāʿ al-Nahr), an area which he saw as a unity but which his predecessor, Abū Zayd al-Balkhī (d. 322/934) had regarded as a group of regions (aqālīm). Neither of these concepts is well suited for the present purpose: al-sharq is much too broad, as it would include areas such as Syria, while al-mashriq is perhaps too narrow, as it would exclude Ṭabaristān and other areas.

Keywords

GhaznavidsBaghdadArab settlersSamanidsSasanian social structureTahiridsSaffaridsIslamic eastregionalismpolitical economy
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The New Cambridge History of Islam , pp. 448 - 505
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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